商务英语企业文化中英必备学习.docx

1、商务英语企业文化中英必备学习美式论文、报告写作技巧 编者按：美式教育的特点即是课程内容强调学生参与及创新运用，因此，报告便成了常见的考核学生学习成果的方式，比如实验报告、学期报告、专题报告、研究报告及论文（含毕业论文）等。研究生presentation 及 seminar 的机会更是占很大的比重，有些甚至占学期成绩很大比例。如何完成报告、论文同时得到良好的成绩，是本文提供给有志留学的有心人参考的目的。 美国大学生由於自小已养成自动寻找答案习惯，在启发式的教育环境下，写报告、论文对他们来说比较不陌生，虽然专业知识上美国学生不见得比外籍学生强，但是表达能力由於自小培养，加上英语能力的优势，常比外籍

2、学生在报告、论文方面有较隹的利基。反之中国学生比较缺乏报告写作的训练，因此如果在留学过程中无法适应美式教育会比较辛苦，其实论文、报告的写作要领其实不难，只要把握技巧就可水到渠成。 通常论文由篇首(Preliminaries)，本文(Texts)以及参考资料(References)三部分构成；而这三大部分各自内容如下： (一) 篇首： 封面(Title) 序言(Preface) 谢词(Acknowledge) 提要(Summary) 目录(Tables and Appendixes) (二) 本文： 引言(Introduction) 主体，含篇(Part)、章(Chapter)、节(Sectio

3、n) 、以及注释 (Footnotes) (三)参考资料： 参考书目(References or Bibliography) 附录资料(Appendix)。 进行论文或报告写作之前，先要确定想要表达的主题，主题确定后，将其具体表达，即为题目。题目可以提供研究者： 一.研究的方向 二.研究的范围 三.资料搜集的范围 四.预期研究成果 通常在确定题目之後就开始找资料从事研究，建议在找资料之前最好去问教授有哪些参考资料来源可供参考引用。构思为确定写作大纲或 Proposal 的先前步骤， 大纲是论文、报告的骨干， Proposal 是研究的架构、流程及范围的说明书。如何构思大纲或Proposal为论

4、文、报告写作前的必要准备工作。好的论文或研究报告，要基于在完整、详实的资料上，而参考资料除了和教授商借之外，最主要的来源就是图书馆了，一般参考资料来源可分成教科书或手册、政府机构的报告、科技或商业方面的杂志，及会议性质的资料。此外现代的电脑资料库也可帮助收集资料，在国外可利用学校的电脑连线资料库寻找自己需要的资料。当一切准备就绪，即可开始着手写报告，一般报告还分大报告如期末、专题等报告，及小报告如 Seminar 式的报告。 就算是小报告，也至少应含 (一)TITLE PAGES ：包含主题名称、作者、日期 (二)Summary： 即主要的结论 (三)Introduction：包括理论背景及内

5、容 (四)Technical Sections：是论文的主体，为最重要的部份应再细分为 几个片断。 (五)Conclusions：即扼要的结论 (六)Appendixes：复杂公式的导引及叁考资料和电脑程式的报表可附加在 此项 美式报告的撰写通常要打字，两行式，行间若有未拼完的字要以音节来连接。写报告通常需要用到电脑，如有计算数字统计图表的需求，也常会用到程式软体如PASCAL、LOTUS，统计分析软体如SAS，也是不可或缺的，电脑绘图在今日已成为工商界及学术界的重要工具，文书处理更是最基本的要求，因此Word for Window、Powerpoint、Excel便成了颇受欢迎的工具。此外在

6、英文语法、文法上的润饰与修改，如能请老美帮忙会比较好。 论文、报告完成后有时会需要做解说(Presentation)，用英文来讲演对中国人来说算是一大挑战，通常课堂讲演时间为十五分钟到三十分钟，若是论文囗试则至少一小时。投影机及麦克风的使用对讲演的效果有很大帮助，正式讲演前多预习几次，时间宜控制适中，上台时忌讳低头拿着报告照念，需留意听众的反应，切中主题，避免太多数字的导引。【商务英语】企业文化(中英)升职？跳槽？加薪？英语口语很重要！史上最牛英语口语学习法：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！太平洋在线英语，免费体验全部外教一对一课程：1.Corporate Culture 企业

7、文化（企业个性，形成于企业生产经营实践之中，为全体员工所认同并且遵守的、带有本组织特点的使命总之精神价值观和经营理念，以及这些理念在生产经营实践、管理制度、员工行为方式和企业对外形象的体现的总和。为企业灵魂，推动其发展动力。有有形与无形之分。）v The personality of an organization（warm, aggressive, friendly, open, innovative, conservative, and so on.）v Guides how employees think, act and feelis a broad term used to defi

8、ne the unique personality or character of a particular company or organization, and includes such elements as core values（核心价值观） and beliefs, corporate ethics, and rules of behavior.2.Functions of Corporate Culture企业文化的主要功能Three key functions are:v Provide a sense of identity for members.导向功能：对每个员工价

9、值取向及行为取向的导向功能v Generate commitment to the organizations mission.凝聚功能：一种价值观被员工所认同后产生巨大的向心力和凝聚力。v Clarify and reinforce standards of behavior. 约束功能：软约束。产生于企业文化的氛围、群体行为准则和道德规范。3.Culture as the Organizations Personality作为企业个性的文化1） Risk Taking Personalities喜欢冒险个性： Organizations encourage employees to tak

10、e risks. （Virgin Group）2） Attention to Detail Personalities注重细节个性：Organizations focus attention on the details of the organization where they have made quality their driving themes.3） Outcome Oriented Personalities注重结果的个性：Organizations focus on results in certain aspects of their business.（Customer

11、services）4） People Orientation Personalities以人为本的个性：Organizations treat employees as “family”.5） Team Orientation Personalities注重团队的个性：Organizations shape their cultures around the team concept.6） Aggressive Personalities积极进取的个性：Organizations value aggressiveness as a major part of the way that busi

12、ness is done.7） Nonstable Personalities不求稳的个性：Companies emphasize growth could be identified as having nonstable Personalities.4Different Corporate Cultures 不同的企业文化：企业文化的本质是企业员工共同尊重的核心价值标准。不同企业有不同核心价值标准。At the root of any organizations culture is a set of core characteristics that illustrate the ess

13、ential ways in which the cultures of organizations differ from one other.v Sensitivity to the needs of customers and employees.重视顾客和员工需要的价值观v Interest in having employees generates new ideas.致力于激发员工创造性思维的价值标准v Value placed in taking risks.重视冒险精神的价值标准v Openness of available communication optionsv Fri

14、endliness and congeniality of employees towards one another.v Value placed on people in the organization.5.Creation of Corporate Culture企业文化的创建1） Company Founders企业创造者 The founders play a key role in hiring initial staff, their attributes and values are readily transmitted to new employees.2） Experi

15、ence with the General Business and Industry Environment企业外部环境与体验 Organizational culture often develops out of an organizations experience with the general business and industry external environment.3） Contact with others企业内部群体与个人间的联系The shaping of the organization based on how it develops out of con

16、tract between groups and individuals within an organization.6. Influence of Corporate Culture on Climate and Management Practice企业文化对企业氛围以及企业管理行为的影响。企业文化是企业经营的核心，在企业管理中是旗帜，是航标，指引着企业正确的发展方向。v Organizational culture refers more specifically to the values, beliefs, and customs or norms of an organizati

17、on. It can be summarized as the firms organizational philosophy.v Organizational climate refers to the general atmosphere of an organization.企业文化与企业氛围的不同：文化为企业注重的价值；氛围为企业成员的体验企业文化与管理行为的不同：文化是企业管理行为的核心要素，注重气氛的营造；管理行为则不断加强这种气氛。英语作文常用谚语、俗语1、A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth. 说谎者即使讲真话也没人相信

18、。 2、A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. 一知半解，自欺欺人。 3、All rivers run into sea. 海纳百川。 4、All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。 5、All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只会用功不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。 6、A bad beginning makes a bad ending. 不善始者不善终。 7、Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 8、A faithful friend is

19、hard to find. 知音难觅。 9、A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。 10、A friend is easier lost than found. 得朋友难，失朋友易。 11、A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。 12、A good beginning makes a good ending. 善始者善终。 13、A good book is a good friend. 好书如挚友。 14、A good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。 15、A moth

20、ers love never changes. 母爱永恒。 16、An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一苹果，不用请医生。 17、A single flower does not make a spring. 一花独放不是春，百花齐放春满园。 18、A years plan starts with spring. 一年之计在于春。 19、A young idler, an old beggar. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 20、Better late than never. 不怕慢，单怕站。 21、By reading we enrich the m

21、ind.读书使人充实，22、Care and diligence bring luck. 谨慎和勤奋才能抓住机遇。 23、Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success. 自信是走向成功的第一步。 24、Custom is a second nature. 习惯是后天养成的。 25、Custom makes all things easy. 有个好习惯，事事皆不难。 26、Doing is better than saying. 与其挂在嘴上，不如落实在行动上。 27、Do nothing by halves. 凡

22、事不可半途而废。 28、Dont put off till tomorrow what should be done today. 今日事，今日毕。 29、Dont trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. 不要自找麻烦。 30、Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起身体好。 31、Easier said than done. 说得容易，做得难。32、Easy come, easy go. 来也匆匆，去也匆匆。 33、Eat to live

23、, but not live to eat. 人吃饭是为了活着，但活着不是为了吃饭。 34、Every man has his faults. 金无足赤，人无完人。 35、Every man is the architect of his own fortune. 自己的命运自己掌握。 36、Every minute counts. 分秒必争。37、Each coin has two sides. 38、Fact speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 39、Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。 40、God helps

24、 those who help themselves. 自助者天助。41、Health is better than wealth. 健康胜过财富。 42、Honesty is the best policy. 做人诚信为本。 43、Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst. 抱最好的愿望，做最坏的打算。 44、It is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 45、Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量46、Like mother, like daughter. 有其母必有其女。 47、No pain，

25、 no gain.（不劳无获。）48、You never know till you have tried. 不尝试，不知晓。49、An idle youth, a needy age.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。50、Diligence is the mother of success.勤奋是成功之母。51、Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起，使人健康、富裕和聪颖。52、Experience is the best teacher.经验是最好的教师。53、Nothing in the w

26、orld is difficult if you set your mind to it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。54、Where theres a will, theres a way. 有志者事竟成。55、Practice makes perfect （熟能生巧。）56、Pride goes before a fall（骄傲必败。）Superstar and IIts common that many students are crazy about those singers and actors. However, liyundi, a pianist, is the superst

27、ar in my heart. He is a man of few words and he even looks like the greatest pianistChopin. When listening to his music , I can get rid of everything noisy around. Whats more, I can feel his strong love for music. Rome wasnt built in one day. He achieved the great success through huge effort. I can

28、learn from him that we should never give up to realize our dreams.Superstar and IHer name first appeared as a joke then like a wonder. She is Susan Boyle, the superstar in my heart. Although shes not beautiful, her voice and spirit moved all the audience, including me. The song I dreamed a dream that she sang touched everyones heart who had a dream and wanted to realize it. She taught me how to go on my dreams as well as never to give up. She is like a sunshine that gives me hope. Where there is a will, there is a way.