1、小学英语语法及练习题小学英语基本语法及练习Contents第一章 名词1. 名词的数2. 名词的格第二章 代词1. 人称代词2. 物主代词第三章 冠词 与 数词1. 冠词2. 数词第四章 一般现在时态第五章 现在进行时态第六章 句型1 陈述句2 疑问句3 祈使句4 There be 句型与have has第七章 总结考试第一章 名词 (Noun)名词的概念在生活中,我们会接触到各种各样的人和事物,用来表示这些人或事物名称的词就是名词。 一、名词的数名词的数指名词的单数和复数形式。可数名词表示“一个”时用单数,“两个以上”时用复数;不可数名词表示量时,通常用“数词+单位+of+物质名词”的形式,
2、如 a piece of bread (一片面包), 变为复数时,只须将单位名词变为复数, 如:two pieces of bread(两片面包)。*名词复数的构成法则1. 一般情况下在词尾加?s. 词尾读音shop - shops (商店) 在清辅音后读 s bag - bags (书包) 在浊辅音后读 z window - windows (窗户) 在元音后读 z 2. 以 s, x, sh, ch 结尾的单词在词尾加es。class - classes (班级) 词尾读音 iz box - boxes (盒子) match - matches (比赛)brush - brushes (刷
3、子)3. 以“辅音字母 +y” 结尾的词, 变y为 i 加es. story - stories (故事) 词尾读音 iz 4. 以“元音字母 +y” 结尾的词,在词尾直接加 s key - keys 词尾读音 z monkey - monkeys5.以 “o” 结尾的名词, 复数一般在词尾加“s”, 但个别加 “es” tomato - tomatoes (西红柿) 词尾读音 z potato - potatoes (土豆) zoo - zoos (动物园) photo - photos (照片)*(以 “o”结尾,复数加 “es”)口诀: 黑人(Negro)英雄(hero),左手拿着西红柿
4、(tomato),右手拿着破土豆(potato),头顶一个大芒果(mango)。6. 以 f或 fe 结尾的词,多数变f或 fe 为 ves. leaf - leaves (树叶) 词尾读音 vz knife - knives ( 小刀) *(以f或fe结尾的单词,需把f或fe 变ves的单词)口诀:妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf),小偷(thief)吓得发了慌,躲在架下(shelf)保己命,半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光。*(以f或fe结尾的单词,直接加 “s”的单词)口诀:长颈鹿(giraffe)站在屋檐(roof)下,左手拿着手绢(handkerchief),
5、右手拿着高尔夫球(golf)。例: roof - roofs ( 屋顶)7. 不规则名词复数的变化man - men (男人) tooth -teeth (牙齿)child - children (儿童) mouse - mice(老鼠)foot - feet (脚) woman - women (女人)8. 名词单复数形式一样 sheep - sheep (绵羊) deer - deer (鹿) English - English(英国人) Chinese - Chinese (中国人)*(不规则名词变复数)口诀:男人,女人a变e;鹅,足,牙齿oo变ee;其实老鼠也好记ous变ic;孩子加上
6、ren,鱼鹿绵羊不用记。二、名词所有格的构成法 1. 主要是在词尾加 s 构成。如: This is Toms desk . 这是汤姆的书桌。 That is Mikes book. 那是迈克的书。 2. 如果原名词已经有复数词尾s ,则仅加一个 . 如:the teachers reading room 教师阅览室the pupils pencil-boxes 学生们的文具盒3. 如果原词是复数形式,但不是以s 结尾, 变为所有格形式需在后面加上 s 。如: the childrens palace 少年宫 mens room 男厕所*名词所有格口诀:名词所有格,s前面加一撇,复数s放在尾,
7、后加一撇就完结,两人共有算一个,后面只加一个撇。名词练习题一、 写出下列名词的复数形式 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18. life _19. story _ _ 21. baby _ _ _24. deer _ _ _ _28. English _30. man _二、汉译英1Tom的足球 _ 2. 老师们的自行车_3学生们的课桌 _ 4.哥哥的文具盒_5姑姑的卡片 _ 6.猴子们的香蕉_7蚂蚁们的早餐 _ 8.妈妈的包_9姐姐的连衣裙_ 10女孩们的苹果_三、把下列句子翻译成英文1这些 是Peter 的篮球吗? _2这个是老师的钢笔吗? _3有一些书在Sam
8、的课桌上。_4有一些孩子们在教室里。_四、改错 (圈出错处,在横线上改正过来) are some butterflys on the table. _ is Alice dress. _ like tomato very much. _五、将下列句子变成复数形式。1This dog is brown._2. There is a book and a pen on the table._ woman is a teacher._能力测试卷 (名词)一、 将下列名词变成复数形式。 tree lessonmonth apple shirt2. box bus brush watch class f
9、ox life leaf Wife thief boy monkeybaby country story radio piano tomato hero6. child tooth man Sheep English Chinese二、判断正误,并改正错句,正确的打“ ”1The house is my brother. _2. He has visited many country. _3. They are Englishs. _4. This is Tom red bike. _三、选择填空1There are two _ in the room. A. Chineses B. Engl
10、ishman old man will have _ out. A. two tooths B. two teeth3. _ are sold in this bookstore. A. Childrens books B. Children books4. Some friends of _ will come here. A. Johns B. John 5. Can you give me _?A. some papers B. a piece of paper are _ on the floor.A. some box B. some boxes四、将下列句子变成复数形式。1This
11、 sheep is white._2. There is a desk and a chair in the room._ man is a doctor._第二章 代词一、人称代词1人称代词即表示“你、我、他、你们、我们、他们”等的词,它的人称、数和格的变化见下表: 数人称主格宾格单数第一人称Ime第二人称youyou第三人称hesheithimherit复数第一人称Weus第二人称youyou第三人称theythem主格与宾格:人称代词有主格和宾格两种形式。主格主要用来做句子的主语;宾格主要用作宾语。人称代词主格用在句首作主语。She is sitting in a bus.她正坐在公共汽
12、车上。人称代词宾格在动词后作宾语。This pen is cant write with it.这支钢笔不好,我没法用它写字。2.人称代词的排列顺序人称代词并列使用时,通常以下列顺序出现,请熟悉并记忆。1) 单数代词:you and I; you and he ; he and I ; you ,he and I2) 复数代词:we and they ; we and you ; you and they; we, you and they3) 第三人称单数代词:he and she*人称代词排序口诀:人称代词并列观,注意顺序礼貌见;单数人称二、三、一,复数人称一、二、三;麻烦事情“我”站前,
13、其他人称没意见;两性并用为三单,男先女后是习惯。二、物主代词物主代词是表示所有关系的代词,分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。 人称类别 第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数形容词性myouryouryourhis,her,itstheir名词性mineouryoursyourshis,hers,itstheirs名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词 + 名词 例,Whose coat is this? 这是谁的上衣?Its hers. 是她的。 hers= her coat*关于物主代词的口诀:物主代词很重要,译成汉语都有“的”,后面必须加上物,否则就要犯错误,my your
14、his her its our their 不放过。形容词性是基础,除了我的?“mine”外,其他词尾“s”性形物代能力差,出门常把名词加;名物代能力强,常来独去又独往。三、反身代词反身代词也叫“自身代词”,表示“*自己”。数 人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself, herself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselvesI can do it by myself. 我自己能做这件事。*反身代词的构成规律记忆口诀:反身代词有规律,第三人称宾格加,其余开头用物主,复数-ves替-f四、指示代词This (这个)- these (这些) 指
15、近处的事物That (那个)- these (那些) 指远处的事物例,This is a book. 这是本书。 These are some books. 这些是书。 That is a car. 那是辆小汽车。 Those are some cars. 那些是小汽车代词练习题一、 根据题意,用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Mary is a friend of _. ( I )2. This is _ ( she ) ruler. _ ( I ) is in the bag. 3. Her brother is too young to look after _ ( he )4. This
16、is _ ( I ) book. This book is _ ( I ).5. These pens are _ ( we ).二、填写下列表格。人称代词我我们你,你们他她它他们主 格宾 格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词三、改写下列句子Eg, This is my book. - The book is mine.1. That is her ruler. _2. These are their footballs. _3. This is my backpack . _4. Those are your boxes. _四、把下列句子改写成复数。1. This is a butte
17、rfly. _2. That is a bus. _3. It is a mouse. _五、改错。 is mine lamp. _ are ours 3. That are their teacher. _ house is my brother. _5. He has visited many country. _6. They are Chineses. _7. This is Tom red bike. _能力测试卷 (代词)一、 帮下面的好朋友团圆 (连线) I 她its 我们her 他(她,它)们we 我they 你的their 他(她,它)们your 她的she 它的二、填空1S
18、hes a teacher . This is _ bag.2. Hes a driver. This is _ taxi.3. I am a boy . _ name is Peter.4. -Whats _ name? - My name is Tony.5. Its my puppy. _ name is Mimi.三、选择( ) book is not so old as _. A. him B. he C. his D. she( ) 2. _ book is it ? Its _. A. Whoseher B. Whose hers C. Whohers D. Whom her(
19、) 3. He is a friend of _.A. our B. us C. my D. mine四、改错1. I, you and he are all teachers. _2. This is mine teddy bear. _3. These are ours bags._4. These is their teachers._第三章 数词和冠词一、数词表示数目和顺序的词叫数词。数词又分基数词和序数词,基数词表示数量,序数词表示顺序。1 最基本的基数词如下表所示:1101119201001 one11 eleven2 two12 twelve20 twenty3 three13
20、thirteen30 thirty4 four14 fourteen40 forty5 five15 fifteen50 fifty6 six16 sixteen60 sixty7 seven17 seventeen70 seventy8 eight18 eighteen80 eighty9 nine19 nineteen90 ninety10 ten100 one hundred*基数词的写法 :2199的两位数,十位与个位之间用连字符“-”。例:21 twenty - one 32 thirty - two 99 ninety nine百位数:个位数基数词形式加“hundred”,表示几百
21、,在几十几与百位间加上and。例:101 a hundred and one. 320 three hundred and twenty 648six hundred and forty-eight2序数词的构成1)一般来说,是由相应的基数词加词尾th构成。例, four+ th- fourth six + th - sixth seven + th - seventh ten + th - tenth2)下面这些基数词在变为序数词时,有特殊的变化。例, one - first two - second three - third five- fifth eight - eighth nine
22、 - ninth twelve - twelfth3)十位整数序数词的构成方法是将基数词的词y 变成i,然后在加eth.例, twenty - twentieth thirty - thirtieth forty - fortieth ninety - ninetieth4) 两位或两位以上的基数词变为序数词时,仅将个位数变成序数词。例,twenty one - twenty- first thirty-five -thirty-fiftha hundred and fifty-three - a hundred and fifty- third *基数词变序数词的口诀:基变序,有规律;词尾加
23、上th(fourth, sixth)一、二、三,单独记;结尾字母t, d, d;(first,second,third)八去t,九去e,(eighth,ninth);ve要用f替;(fifth,twelfth)整十基数变序数,ty将y变成i ; th 前面有个e;要是遇到几十几,前用基来后用序。二、冠词 冠词分不定冠词和定冠词两种。 a或an是不定冠词,the是定冠词。a用在辅音音素之前,如 a desk, a tree ; an 用在元音因素之前,如 an apple, an hour, an English book.1. 不定冠词(a,an)指人或事物的某一种类,表示“一个”,但不强调数量。She is a teacher. Thats an orange.
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