第二册 Unit 1.docx

1、第二册 Unit 1教 案授课单元21世纪大学实用英语综合教程 第二册 Unit 1本（章）节授课方式课堂讲授（ ） 实践课（ ）教学时数6授课要点本 （章） 节 教 学 目 标After studying this unit, the students are expected to 1. master the basic language and skills necessary to ask for and give clarification;2. understand the main ideas of Text A, Text B and Text C, and master th

2、e useful sentence structures and words and expressions found in the exercises relevant to the first two texts;3. know how to write a letter of invitation;4. know how to use V+V-ing;5. guess the meaning of unknown words in context.教 学 重 点 和 难 点Teaching focus: 1. Master the basic language and skills n

3、ecessary to make requests2. Explain some language points to the Ss.3. Explain some grammar points to the Ss.Teaching difficulties: 1. How to improve Ss speaking ability.2. How to improve Ss listening ability.思考题或作 业1. Review the key expressions from the previous lesson. 2. Read Text B of this unit,

4、and deepen the understanding of the theme in this unit. Share reflections on this theme in class. 3. Review the new words and phrases of this text. Try to use them in daily life. 4. Finish the reading and listening tasks of this unit.教学内容与组织安排1st periodText A (Global Reading)2nd periodText A (Detail

5、ed Reading)3rd periodGrammar Review 4 th periodPractical Writing 5th periodText B6th periodImprove Your Reading Skills 1st period Text A (Global Reading) 1 Background InformationEnglish Language The English language is the most widely spoken language in the world. It is used as either a primary or s

6、econdary language in many countries. During the 1500s, fewer than 2 million people spoke English. All of them lived in what is now Great Britain. Through the centuries, as the result of various historical events, English spread throughout the world. Today, about 400 million people speak English as t

7、heir native language. Most of them live in Australia, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United States. Another 100 million people living chiefly in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and in many African countries speak English in addition to their own language. An addition

8、al 200 million people probably know at least some English. (From the 1998 World Book Multimedia Encyclopedia)Characteristics of English Vocabulary. English has a larger vocabulary than any other language. There are more than 600,000 words in the largest dictionaries of the English language. Some Eng

9、lish words have been passed on from generation to generation as far back as scholars can trace. These words, such as woman, man, sun, hand, love, go, and eat, express basic ideas and feelings. Later, many words were borrowed from other languages, including Arabic, French, German, Greek, Italian, Lat

10、in, Russian, and Spanish. For example, algebra is from Arabic, fashion from French, piano from Italian, and canyon from Spanish. A number of words, such as doghouse and splashdown, were formed by combining other words. New words were also created by blending words. For example, motor and hotel were

11、blended into motel. Words can be shortened to form new words, as was done with history to form story. Words called acronyms are formed by using the first letter or letters of several words. The word radar is an acronym for radio detection and ranging. Pronunciation and spelling in English sometimes

12、seem illogical or inconsistent. Many words are spelled similarly though pronounced differently. Examples include cough, though, and through. Other words, such as blue, crew, to, too, and shoe, have similar pronunciations but are spelled differently. Many of these variations show changes that occurre

13、d during the development of English. The spelling of some words remained the same through the centuries, though their pronunciation changed. Grammar is the set of principles used to create sentences. These principles define the elements used to assemble sentences and the relationships between the el

14、ements. The elements include parts of speech and inflections. Parts of speech are the word categories of the English language. Scholars do not all agree on how to describe the parts of speech. The traditional description lists eight classes: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions,

15、 conjunctions, and interjections. The most important relationships of the parts of speech include subject and verb, verb and predicate, and modifier and the word modified.English has fewer inflections than most other European languages. An English noun has only two inflections, the plural and the po

16、ssessive. Inflections are used to change the tense and number of a verb or the case of a pronoun. Inflections can change adjectives to the comparative or the superlative for example, big, bigger, biggest. American English American English is a variety of the English language spoken in the United Sta

17、tes. Although all Americans do not speak the same way, their speech has enough in common that American English can be recognized as a variety of English distinct from British English, Australian English, and other national varieties. American English has grown up with the country. It began to diverg

18、e from British English during its colonial beginnings and acquired regional differences and ethnic flavor during the settlement of the continent.Today it influences other languages and other varieties of English because it is the medium by which the attractions of American culture its literature, mo

19、tion pictures, and television programs are transmitted to the world. Characteristics of American English A. Pronunciation In broad terms, Canadian and American speakers tend to sound like one another. They also tend to sound different from a large group of English speakers who sound more British, su

20、ch as those in Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. For example, most Canadians and Americans pronounce an r sound after the vowel in words like barn, car, and farther, while speakers from the British English group do not. Also, some British English speakers drop h sounds at the beginning of wo

21、rds, so that he and his are pronounced as if they were spelled ee and is. The English spoken in Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa sounds more like British English than American English does because these varieties have had less time to diverge from British English. The process of separate dev

22、elopment began later in these countries than in North America. In some cases there are differences between American English and British English in the rhythm of words. British speakers seem to leave out a syllable in words like secretary, as if it were spelled secretry, while Americans keep all the

23、syllables. The opposite is true of other words, such as specialty, which Americans pronounce with three syllables (spe-cial-ty) while British speakers pronounce it with five syllables (spe-ci-al-i-ty). Vowels and consonants may also have different pronunciations. British speakers pronounce zebra to

24、rhyme with Debra, while American speakers make zebra rhyme with Libra. Canadian and British speakers pronounce the word schedule as if it began with an sh sound, while Americans pronounce it as if it began with an sk sound. B. Words The most frequently used words are shared by speakers of different

25、varieties of English. These words include the most common nouns, the most common verbs, and most function words (such as pronouns, articles, and prepositions). The different varieties of English do, however, use different words for many words that are slightly less common for example, British crisps

26、 for American potato chips, Australian billabong for American pond, and Canadian chesterfield for American sofa. It is even more common for the same word to exist with different meanings in different varieties of English. Corn is a general term in Britain, for which Americans use grain, while corn i

27、n American English is a specific kind of grain. The word pond in British English usually refers to an artificial body of water, whereas ponds also occur naturally in North America. British English chemist is the same as American English drugstore, and in Canada people go to the druggist. Many of the

28、 words most easily recognized as American in origin are associated with aspects of American popular culture, such as gangster or cowboy. C. Spelling American English spelling differs from British English spelling largely because of one man, American lexicographer Noah Webster. In addition to his wel

29、l-known An American Dictionary of the English Language (1828), Webster published The American Spelling Book (1783, with many subsequent editions), which became one of the most widely used schoolbooks in American history. Websters books sought to standardize spelling in the United States by promoting

30、 the use of an American language that intentionally differed from British English. The development of a specifically American variety of English mirrored the newcountrys separate political development. Websters most successful changes were spellings with or instead of our (honor, labor for the Briti

31、sh honour, labour); with er instead of re (center, theater for the British centre, theatre); with an s instead of a c (defense, license for the British defence, licence); with a final ck instead of que (check, mask for the British cheque, masque); and without a final k (traffic, public, now also use

32、d in British English, for the older traffick, publick). Later spelling reform created a few other differences, such as program for British programme. Canadian spelling varies between the British and American forms, more British in eastern Canada and more American in western Canada.2. Group Discussion Have you ever had an experience in which you are misunderstood or have failed to understand others? Misunderstandings can result from the spoken form or written form of the language that you use. 2