专升本英语语法ppt.ppt

1、专升本英语语法,Now lets learn grammar happily!,基本类别,虚拟语气,基本结构/时态：,现 在,If I were in your place,I should think differently.如果我在你的位置，我的想法会不同。If I were you,I shouldnt do like that.如果我是你的话，我不会那样做。条件从句中be一律用were,不分人称。但在口语中或非正式场合中，第一、三人称单数也可用was,现代美语更是如此。主句中should 用于第一人称单、复数，would用于其他人称单、复数。现代英语中would可用于第一人称。,过 去

2、,If we had left a little later,we should/would have missed the train.如果我们迟点走的话，我们就会错失火车了。If I had met her,I would have told her.要是我碰到她的话，我就已经告诉她了。,将 来,If he came tomorrow,he would know it.如果他明天来的话，他就会知道了。If she were to go there tomorrow,she would meet him.如果她明天到那里去的话，她可能会遇到他的。,Note,虚拟语气的主句中的除了用would

3、当助词外还可用should,could,might等作助词；当虚拟条件句含有were,had,should时，可以省略if，而把were,had,should 移到主语之前，即使用倒装句；虚拟条件句还可以使用：If it were not for=Were it not for（要不是/如果没有 或 If it had not been for（Had it not been for）,eg.,1.If we had left a little earlier,we would have caught the bus.Had we left a little earlier,we would

4、have caught the bus.如果我们早点走，就可以赶上公共汽车了。2.If I were in his place,I would try my best.Were I in his place,I would try my best.如果我在他的位置，我会尽我所能的。,exercise 1,I _ you a more valuable present for your birthday,but I was short of money at that time.much have bought B.had bought C.would have bought D.would b

5、uy,Key:C,exercise 2,If she could sew,she _ herself a shirt.A.had made B.will make C.would have made D.made,Key:C,exercise 3,_ he come,the problem would be settled.Would B.Should C.Shall D.If,Key:B,exercise 4,_ he would have succeeded in the examinations.If he has worked hard B.If he works hardC.If h

6、e worked hard D.Had he worked hard,Key:D,exercise 5,What would you do if the war _.would break out B.were to break out C.will break out D.is broken out,Key:B,错综条件句,If he _ his legs yesterday,he _ with us now.hadnt hurt;would go hadnt hurt;would have gonedidnt hurt;would go didnt hurt;would have gone

7、,错综条件句是指条件从句中的动作和主句的动作发生的时间不一致。e.g.If she hadnt studied hard,she wouldnt speak so well.,省略if的倒装句,e.g.If they were here,they would help us.,如果从句中有were，should，had等词，可省略if，并把were，should，had放句首进行倒装。,If you had come earlier,nothing would have happened.,Were they here,they would help us.,Had you come earl

8、ier,nothing would have happened.,Exercise_ before we depart the day after tomorrow,we should have a wonderful party.Had they arrived Would they arrive Were they arriving Were they to arrive,5)含蓄条件句,假设情况不以if条件句表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语或不定式表现出来。如with，without，but for，but，otherwise等。,e.g.I lost her phone numbe

9、r,otherwise,I would have rung her up.,But for your help,I would not have the chance to go to School.,If you had not helped me,If I had not lost her phone number,ExerciseI was away that day,otherwise I _ the lecture.A.had attended B.would have attended C.would attend D.attended,介词短语引出的虚拟条件句,We could

10、have finished the exam with more time.如果还有时间，我本来是可以完成考卷的。But for him,I would have drowned.如果没有他，我早被淹死了。But that she was afraid,she would have said no.如果她不是害怕的话，她早就说不了。,exercise,1.Without your help,I _ the exam last term.failed in B.would have failed C.wouldnt pass D.would fail,Key:B,exercise,2.But f

11、or the Party,he _ of hunger 30 years ago.died B.would die C.must have died D.would have died,Key:D,主语从句中的虚拟语气,It+be+a./n./pp+that从句+（should）v.原形 常用的形容词有：important,necessary,possible,hoped,strange,imperative,desirable等。It is imperative that you(should)be there in person.It is important that he confir

12、m his reservations before Friday.It is necessary that an efficient worker accomplish his work on time.It is natural that products of high quality(should)sell well.,宾语从句中的虚拟语气,用在表示建议(suggest)，提议(propose)，命令(order)，坚持(insist)，劝告(advise)，决定（decide），宁愿(prefer),ask,demand,require等动词后的宾语从句中。动词形式为：(should)

13、+v.原形 He suggested that he(should)read it himself.I demand that this(should)be finished on time.,wish 后的宾语从句，其形式有三种情况：对目前状况所表示的祝愿或抱歉，谓语动词为一般过去式。be 一律用were。对将来发生的事情表示祝愿，谓语动词为：could(would)+v.原形。对过去发生的事情表示遗憾、后悔，谓语动词为：had+v.pp 或 could/would+have+v.pp I didnt go to the party,but I do wish I had been ther

14、e.I should have gone to the opera yesterday.I wish I had had yesterday.Tom can take his car apart and put it back together again.I certainly wish he would teach me how to do it.I wish he hadnt gone.,用于 would rather/would sooner/would prefer、It is time that等表示“宁愿、希望、该做某事”等意义动词之后的从句中。动词形式为：一般过去式(表现在在和

15、将来)/过去完成式（表过去）I would rather he came next Saturday.I would prefer he didnt stay there too long,在It is time that 引导的定语从句中，要用虚拟语气。动词形式为：一般过去式。Its（about/high）time that we left.,状语从句中的虚拟语气,虚拟语气还可用在由as if 或as though 引导的方式状语从句中。动词形式为：过去式或过去完成式 She speaks as if she were on the spot.You speak as if you had

16、really been there.They look as if they were real brothers.He talked as if nothing had happened.Note：在It sounds/looks/seems as if 后的从句中，有时可用陈述语气。It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.,状语从句中的虚拟语气,在in order that 和so that 引导的目的状语从句中。动词形式用：should/could/might+v.原形She took a taxi in order that she might get there in time.,句子的种类,按结构可分为三类：简单句：只包含一个主谓结构，各部分只由单词或短语表示并列句：包含两个或更多的互不依从的主谓结构，用一个并列连词连接复合句：包含两个或更多的主谓结构，各部分并不同等重要，其中有一个或多主谓结构充当从属分句，即：主句+从句,简单句(Simple Sentences),五种基本句型：1主语+谓语动词(vi)：The su