英语高一英语阅读理解试题类型及其解题技巧及解析.docx

英语高一英语阅读理解试题类型及其解题技巧及解析.docx

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英语高一英语阅读理解试题类型及其解题技巧及解析

（英语）高一英语阅读理解试题类型及其解题技巧及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Theyhavebeatenusatchess,andnowcomputersaretakingastepintoaveryhumanterritory:

thereadingcomprehensiontest,whichschoolchildreneverywherearesuffering.

   Alibabasaiditsartificialresearchoutperformedmeremortals（凡人）inaglobalreadingtestthatseeksanswerstosuchpressingquestionsas"whatwasNikolaTesla'sethnicity?

"and"howbigistheAmazonrainforest?

"

   LuoSireferredtothemachines'victoryas"amilestone".Hesaidthetechnologyhasmanyuses,fromcustomerservicetomuseumtutorialstomedicalenquires-someofwhicharealreadybeinghandledbychatbots（聊天机器人）globally.

   Inthetest,companiessubjectedtheirartificialintelligencesystemstoqueriesfromtheStanfordQuestionAnsweringDataset,whichassessedreadingcomprehension.Thecomputers'answerswerecomparedagainstaveragehumanresponsesandranked.

   TyingintopplacewereMicrosoft,theUSsoftwaregiant,andAlibaba,theChinesetechgroupthatbeganwithecommerceand--likeitspeersathomeandabroad---isploughingmorefundsintoAI,muchofitviaitsresearcharm.

   WhileMicrosoftandAlibabawonbytheslimmestofmargins---ataccuracylevelsafewbasispointsabovehumans'82.3percentinprovidingexactmatchestoquestions--thetieprovidedafittingsymboloftheAIarmsracebetweentheUSandChina.

   Chinaaimstouseitsvasttroves（宝库）ofdata,collectedfromits1.4billionpopulationincluding730millionwhoareonline,anddeeppocketstoovertaketheUSincreatinga$150billionindustrythatisseenasthenextindustrialrevolution.AIisalreadybeingharnessedineverythingfromdriverlesscarstocustomisingnewsfeeds.

   WhileChina'sdriveisbeingspearheadedbygovernment,itiscultivatinghomegrowntechgiantsincludingBaidu,AlibabaandTencenttoleapaheadoftheUS.

   BaidumadeanearlybetonAI,andisleadingitsrivalsinautonomousdriving.Tencent,whichboastsjustshyof1billionmonthlyactiveusersonitssocialmediaWeChatapp,andAlibabahaveadoptedAIinoperationssuchascustomizingnewsandads,andareinvestinginnewfields.

（1）WhatdoesLuoSithinkofAl'sperformanceinreadingcomprehension?

A.Hefeelsfrightenedatit.

B.Hehassomedoubtsaboutit.

C.Hethinkshighlyofit.

D.Heconsidersitworthatry.

（2）HowdidthereadingtestcarryonforAl?

A.Byallowingthemtointeractwithhumans.

B.Byaskingthemtoanswerquestions.

C.Bygivingthemquestionstoanalyze.

D.Bymakingthemcompetewithchatbots.

（3）WhatdoesChinadependontoleadinAl?

A.Thenewindustrialrevolution.

B.Thehugemarketof$150billionindustryinvestment.

C.Massivedatafromits1.4billionpopulationandhugeamountsoftreasure.

D.ThecooperationbetweenChinesegovernmentandMicrosoft.

（4）InwhichfielddoesBaidudobetterthanitsrivals?

A.Themedicalenquires.

B.Thecustomerservice.

C.Customernewsfeeds.

D.Thedriverlesscars.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）B

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人工智能的发展。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第三段“LuoSireferredtothemachines'victoryas‘amilestone’.Hesaidthetechnologyhasmanyuses,fromcustomerservicetomuseumtutorialstomedicalenquires-someofwhicharealreadybeinghandledbychatbots（聊天机器人） globally.”可知司罗把机器取得的这个胜利称为一个里程碑，称该技术有很多用途，从客户服务、博物馆讲解，到医疗查询，其中一些在全球范围已经由聊天机器人处理。

他对人工智能评价很高，所以选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段“Inthetest,companiessubjectedtheirartificialintelligencesystemstoqueriesfromtheStanfordQuestionAnsweringDataset,whichassessedreadingcomprehension.Thecomputers'answerswerecomparedagainstaveragehumanresponsesandranked.”可知通过问问题，回答问题来检测人工智能，所以选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第七段中的“Chinaaimstouseitsvasttroves（宝库）ofdata,collectedfromits1.4billionpopulationincluding730millionwhoareonline,anddeeppocketstoovertaketheUSincreatinga$150billionindustrythatisseenasthenextindustrialrevolution.”可知中国力求利用来自其14亿人口（其中有7.3亿上网）的海量数据和雄厚财力，在创建被视为下一场工业革命的1500亿美元产业方面超越美国。

故选C。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“BaidumadeanearlybetonAI,andisleadingitsrivalsinautonomousdriving.”可知XX在无人驾驶汽车的 技术方面领先其他竞争对手，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Iworkasthereceptionmanageratmyhotel.

   Abookingcameinafewweeksagowithanoteattachedthataguestwouldbetravellingwithherdeaffather.Thisnotehelpedusinpreparingfortheirarrival.Astheywouldbehereforanumberofdays,hisdaughterwantedtomakehistriptoIrelandassmoothaspossible.

   UponseeingthisnoteandknowingIwouldbetheonetocheckthemin,Idecidedtolearnsomeverybasicsignlanguage.Igreetedtheguestinmyusualfashion,askingforthesurnameonthebooking.OnceIheardthename，Iimmediatelyrealizedwhowasstandinginfrontofme.

   Ihadbeenlearningfortwoweekshowtosay:

"WelcometoIreland.Mysignlanguageisterrible,butplease,ifyouneedanythingduringyourstay,justletmeknowandwewillhelpyou."

   Ismiledatthefatheranddaughterinfrontofme.Turningtothefather,IgreetedhiminASL（AmericanSignLanguage）andbeganthebitIhadlearnedforhim.HisdaughterbrokedowncryingandtoldmeIwassweet.Butthefatherjustsmiledandwassohappy.Honestly,seeinghisreactionwasenoughforme.ItwasabsolutelyworththelastfewweeksoflearningbasicASL.

   Sadly,Iwasn'tworkingthedaytheycheckedout,buttheyleftagiftforme,asmallboxwithsomechocolatesandabookonASL.Insidewasanotesaying:

"Thankyouverymuchforwhatyoudid.Myfatherhasbeeninamazingspiritsfromthetimeyoucheckedusinandinsistedwegetyouagiftbeforeweleft.Youhavenoideahowmuchthismeanttomyfatherandme,andwecan'tthankyouenough.You'vemadehistripveryspecialwithonesimplegesture."

   IcriedforasolidfiveminuteswhenIcameintoworkthenextdayandfoundthisgiftinmylocker.

（1）Thedaughterleftanotewhenbookingthehotelinorderto__________.

A.askforspecialserviceforherself

B.givesomeusefuladvicetothehotel

C.expressgratitudetothehotelmanager

D.makeherfather'stripmorecomfortable

（2）Thedaughtercriedwhentheycheckedinbecause__________.

A.theauthor'ssignlanguagewasreallyterrible

B.herfatherwasunwillingtoliveinthathotel

C.sheappreciatedwhattheauthorhaddoneforherfather

D.theauthorwouldn'tbeworkingwhentheycheckedout

（3）Seeingthefather'sreactionduringcheck-intheauthorprobablyfelt__________.

A.thankful

B.satisfied

C.disappointed

D.regretful

（4）Fromthispassage,wecanknowthat__________.

A.theauthormadethedaughter'scheck-outsmooth

B.theauthorwasdeeplymovedbyanunexpectedgift

C.thedaughtercriedforfiveminutesbeforetheyleft

D.thedaughteraskedtheauthortolearnsignlanguage

【答案】

（1）D

（2）C

（3）B

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者回忆了接待一对父女来爱尔兰旅游，帮助他们登记的故事，因为那位父亲是个聋哑人，执着专门学了手势语"欢迎来爱尔兰"，结果那位父亲对于作者的接待很满意，走得时候还送给作者礼物，并给经理写信，希望给作者加薪。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Astheywouldbehereforanumberofdays,hisdaughterwantedtomakehistriptoIrelandassmoothaspossible.”由于他们要在这里呆几天，他的女儿想让他的爱尔兰之行尽可能顺利。

可知，女儿在预订旅馆时留下了一张便条，以便让父亲的旅行更舒适。

故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第五段中的“HisdaughterbrokedowncryingandtoldmeIwassweet.Butthefatherjustsmiledandwassohappy.”可知当他们登记入住时，女儿哭了，女儿情绪失控的原因是作者的细心体贴感动了她，这让她的爸爸很开心。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第五段中的“Honestly,seeinghisreactionwasenoughforme.ItwasabsolutelyworththelastfewweeksoflearningbasicASL.”老实说，看到他的反应就足够了。

最后几周的ASL基础学习绝对值得。

可知，看到这位爸爸很开心，作者感到了他的付出是很值得的；因此看到父亲在入住时的反应，作者可能感到很满足。

故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段“IcriedforasolidfiveminuteswhenIcameintoworkthenextdayandfoundthisgiftinmylocker.”第二天上班时，我在储物柜里发现了这件礼物，哭了整整五分钟。

可知，作者受到这份特殊的礼物后很感动，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Durian（榴莲）isprobablythesmelliestfruitintheworld,lettingoutanunusualunpleasantsmellwhichwouldmakeanyonebringup.However,nobodywasawareofwhatgavethisfruititsuniquesmell,soateamofresearchersfromSingaporedecidedtotakealookatitsgenome（基因组）andfindout,

   Durianiswell-knownthroughoutSoutheastAsiaasthekingoffruits,mostlybecauseofitsawfulappearanceandsmell.However,theoriginofthisunpleasantsmellwasunknown,soresearchersdecidedtomapthegenomeofthefruit,andfindthegenethatcontrolledit.Agroupofgenes,volatilesulfurcompounds（含硫化合物）,becameveryactiveinthefruit,andtheywerefoundresponsibleforresultingintheunpleasantsmell.

   Thefruitconfuseseveryonewithasulfuricsmell,likerottenonionsandingredients.Thesmelllastslong,mostlybecausethefruitcontainsmorevolatilesulfurcompounds.Otherspeciesusuallybenefitfromtwogenecopiesatmost,butdurianhasfour,leadingtothestrikingsmell.

   However,thissmellmightbeanadvantagefordurianinthewild.Althoughwefinditunpleasant,manyanimalsmightbeattractedbyit.Iftheyeatthefruit,thentheycaneasilyspreaditsseedseverywhere,thuscontributingtothedistributionofthespecies.

   Themappingoftheduriangenomealsoshowedsomeotherinformationonthespecies.Firstofall,thefruithasanimpressivenumberofgenes,namely46,000.Also,withthehelpofthesegenes,theysawhowitevolved,anddiscovereditwasrelatedtothecacaotree.AlltheotherdiscoverieshavebeenpublishedinthejournalNatureGenetics.

   Despitethestrikingsmell,manypeopleactuallyenjoyeatingthefruit.However,notalldurianspeciesareedible,andsomeofthemmayevencausedamagetoourhealth,Evenso,thefruitisoftenimported,significantlycontributingtotheeconomy.

（1）Whatgivedurianitsuniquesmell?

A. Onionsnearby.