大学专四阅读理解练习.docx

大学专四阅读理解练习.docx

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大学专四阅读理解练习

Passage1

 Reebokexecutivesdonotliketoheartheirstylishathleticshoescalled"footwearforyuppies（雅皮士·少壮高薪职业人士）".TheycontendthatReebokshoesappealtodiversemarketsegments，especiallynowthatthecompanyoffersbasketballandchildren'sshoesfortheunder-18setandwalkingshoesforoldercustomersnotinterestedinaerobics（健身操）orrunning.Theexecutivesalsopointoutthatthroughrecentacquisitionstheyhaveaddedhikingboots，dressandcasualshoes，andhigh-performanceathleticfootweartotheirproductlines，allofwhichshouldattractnewandvariedgroupsofcustomers.

  Still，despiteitsemphasisonnewmarkets，Reebokplansfewchangesintheupmarket（高档消费人群）retailingnetworkthathelpedpushsalesto$1billionannually，aheadofallothersportsshoemarketers.Reebokshoes，whicharepricedfrom$27to$85，willcontinuetobesoldonlyinbetterspecialty，sportinggoods，anddepartmentstores，inaccordancewiththecompany'sviewthatconsumersjudgethequalityofthebrandbythequalityofitsdistribution.

  Inthepastfewyears，theMassachusetts-basedcompanyhasimposedlimitsonthenumberofitsdistributors（andthenumberofshoessuppliedtostores），partlyoutofnecessity.AttimestheunexpecteddemandforReebok'sexceededsupply，andthecompanycouldbarelykeepupwithordersfromthedealersitalreadyhad.Thesefulfillmentproblemsseemtobeundercontrolnow，butthecompanyisstillselectiveaboutitsdistributors.Atpresent，ReebokshoesareavailableinaboutfivethousandretailstoresintheUnitedStates.

  Reebokhasalreadyanticipatedthatwalkingshoeswillbethenextfitness-relatedcraze，replacingaerobicsshoesthesamewayitsbrightlycolored，softleatherexercisefootwearreplacedconventionalrunningshoes.Throughproductdiversificationandcarefulmarketresearch，ReebokhopestoavoidthedistributionproblemsNikecameacrossseveralyearsago，whenNikemisjudgedthestrengthoftheaerobicsshoecrazeandwasforcedtounloadhugeinventoriesofrunningshoesthroughdiscountstores.

Yuky

1. Reebok'sviewthat"consumersjudgethequalityofthebrandbythequalityofitsdistribution"（Line5，Par 2）impliesthat______.

A.thequalityofabrandismeasuredbytheservicequalityofthestoresellingit

B.thequalityofaproductdeterminesthequalityofitsdistributors

C.thepopularityofabrandisdeterminedbythestoresthatsellit

D.consumersbelievethatfirst-rateproductsareonlysoldbyhigh-qualitystores

2. WhatlessonhasReeboklearnedfromNike'sdistributionproblems?

A Acompanyshouldnotsellitshighqualityshoesindiscountstores.

B Acompanyshouldnotlimititsdistributionnetwork.

C Acompanyshoulddofollow-upsurveysofitsproducts.

D Acompanyshouldcorrectlyevaluatetheimpactofanewcrazeonthemarket.

3. AlthoughtheReebokCompanyhassolvedtheproblemoffulfillingitsorders，it______.

A doesnotwanttofurtherexpanditsretailingnetwork

B stilllimitsthenumberofshoessuppliedtostores

C isstillparticularaboutwhosellsitsproducts

D Stillcarefullychoosesthemanufacturersofitsproducts

4. Reebokoncehadtolimitthenumberofitsdistributorsbecause______.

A itssupplyofproductsfellshortofdemand

B toomanydistributorswouldcutintoitsprofits

C thereductionofdistributorscouldincreaseitsshareofthemarket

D itwantedtoenhanceconsumerconfidenceinitsproducts

5. OnereasonwhyReebok'smanagerialpersonneldon'tliketheirshoestobecalled"footwearforyuppies"isthat______.

A theybelievethattheirshoesarepopularwithpeopleofdifferentagegroups

B newproductionlineshavebeenaddedtoproduceinexpensiveshoes

C "yuppies"usuallyevokesanegativeimage

D thetermmakespeoplethinkofprohibitiveprices

Passage1DDCAA

1.答案:

D句意理解及要点暗示题。

题干引号中那某些在第二段，答案固然应在第二段，而该段重要论及高档消费群体零售网——只在精品专卖屋、体育用品专卖店及大百货商场销售。

2.答案:

D细节推论题。

由Nike（耐克）一词拟定答案位置在最后一段，市场预测与决策。

Nike公司正是由于当时错误地判断了健身鞋流行强度而导致了老产品（runningshoes）积压而不得不打折销售，这是市场预测不精确所导致。

3.答案:

C细节理解定位题。

题干中“although”与短文第三段倒数第二句之“but”相呼应，答案则应为该句复述，故C为对的答案。

4.答案:

A要点归纳题。

依照题干中“limitthenumberofdistributions”拟定答案。

第三段论及虽然产品供不应求时，也要对批发商有所选取，而过去一段时间对批发商数量限制重要是“outofnecessity”（迫不得已），由于需求量出乎意料地超过了供应能力。

5.答案:

A要点推论题。

题干中“managerialpersonnel”即为第一段executives，因而可知本题答案在第一段且为该段之主题：

目的市场很大，高层领导们固然不但愿自己产品仅供应某些雅皮士。

再由下文“children'sshoesfortheunder-18setandwalkingforoldercustomers”更可知其目的消费是多层次。

容易错选选项B侧重公司生产方略，故不当。

Passage2

 Weallknowthatthenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome7～8hours'sleepalternatingwithsome16～17hours'wakefulnessandthat，broadlyspeaking，thesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.Ourpresentconcerniswithhoweasilyandtowhatextentthiscyclecanbemodified.

  Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Theease，forexample，withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnightisaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines.Itnormallytakesfromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoareversedroutineofsleepandwakefulness，Sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight.Unfortunately，itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek：

apersonmayworkfrom12midnightto8a.m.oneweek，8a.m.to4p.m.thenext，and4p.m.to12midnightthethirdandsoon.Thismeansthatnosoonerhashegotusedtooneroutinethanhehastochangetoanother，sothatmuchofhistimeisspentneitherworkingnorsleepingveryefficiently.

  Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.Aninterestingstudyofthedomesticlifeandhealthofnight-shiftworkerswascarriedoutbyBrownin1957，Shefoundahighincidenceofdisturbedsleepandotherdisordersamongthoseonalternatingdayandnightshifts，butnoabnormaloccurrenceofthesephenomenaamongthoseonpermanentnightwork.

  Thislattersystemthenappearstobethebestlong-termpolicy，butmeanwhilesomethingmaybedonetorelievethestrainsofalternatedayandnightworkbyselectingthosepeoplewhocanadaptmostquicklytothechangesofroutine.Onewayofknowingwhenapersonhasadaptedisbymeasuringhisbodytemperature.Peopleengagedinnormalday-timeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight；whentheychangetonightworkthepatternwillonlyadjustgraduallybacktomatchthenewroutineandthespeedwithwhichitdoessoparallels，broadlyspeaking，theadaptationofthebodyasawhole，particularlyintermsofperformance.Therefore，bytakingbodytemperatureatintervalsoftwohoursthroughouttheperiodofwakefulnessitcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoareversedroutine，andthiscouldbeusedasabasisforselection.Sofar，however，suchaformofselectiondoesnotseemtohavebeenappliedinpractice.

Yuky

1. Whyisthequestionof"howeasilypeoplecangetusedtoworkingatnight"nomereacademicone?

A Becausefewpeopleliketoreversethecycleofsleepandwakefulness.

B Becausesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.

C Becausepeoplearerequiredtoworkatnightinsomefieldsofindustry.

D Becauseshiftworkinindustryrequirespeopletochangetheirsleepinghabits.

2. Themainproblemoftheround-the-clockworkingsystemliesin

A theinconveniencesbroughtabouttotheworkersbytheintroductionofautomation.

B thedisturbanceofthedallycycleofworkerswhohavetochangeshiftstoofrequently.

C thefactthatpeopleworkingatnightareoftenlesseffective.

D thefactthatitisdifficulttofindanumberofgoodnightworkers.

3. Itispossibletofindoutifapersonhasadaptedtothechangesofroutinebymeasuringhisbodytemperaturebecause

A bodytemperaturechangeswhenthecycleofsleepandwakefulnessalternates.

B bodytemperaturechangeswhenhechangestonightshiftorback.

C thetemperaturereverseswhentheroutineischanged.

D peoplehavehighertemperatureswhentheyareworkingefficiently.

4. WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A Bodytemperaturemayserveasanindicationofaworker'sperformance.

B Theselectionofanumberofpermanentnightshiftworkershasprovedtobethebestsolutiontoproblemsoftheround-the-clockworkingsystem.

C Takingbodytemperatureatregularintervalscanshowhowapersonadaptstothechangesofroutine.

D Disturbedsleepoccurslessfrequentlyamongthoseonpermanentnightordayshifts.

5. Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthatalowbodytemperatureindicatesthataperson

A hasjustbeenawakefromsleep.

B cannotworknightshifts.

C shouldgotosleepatonce.

D islessproductive.

Passage2CBABD

1.答案:

C[设题处]举例处设题[解析]文章第二段第一、二句提到，在某些自动化规定机器全天运转公司中，人们要实行轮班，她们从白天工作转入夜晚工作难易限度越来越成为人们关注问题，由此可知答案为[C]。

[A]和[D]在文中并未提到，而[B]虽然提到了，但并不能作为为什么“人们要适应晚上工作难易限度不但仅是学术问题”因素。

2.答案:

B[设题处]事实处设题[解析]定位于文章第二段最后一句“经常调节轮班方式意味着，一种人刚刚适应一种上班时间，却又不得不改换另一种，以至于她既无法有效地工作，也无法有效地睡觉”，由此可知答案为[B]。

3.答案:

A[设题处]因果处设题[解析]末段第三句提到，在白天正常工作人醒着时体温高，夜间体温低。

当她们改成夜班制时，体温模式只会逐渐调节以便适应新工作方式；普通来讲，调节速度与整个身体——在工作体现方面——调节同步，由此可知答案为[A]，而排除[B]和[C]（是由于当工作时间变化时，体温只会慢慢调节，以适应新工作方式，而不能随意调来调去）。

虽然文中提到了工作时体温高，但并没有说高效率工作时体温更高，因而排除[D]。

4.答案:

B[设题处]事实处设题[解析]依照末段第三句和倒数第二句可排除[A]；而由末段倒数第二句可知[C]错误；此外，依照第三段第三句可排除[D]。

第三段首句和末段首句中都浮现了appearstobe（看起来，似乎），由此可知文中提到挑选诸多长期上夜班工人是最佳解决办法时，并不是完全必定，故有答案为[B]。

5.答案:

D[设题处]事实处设题[解析]最后一段第三句已提到，在白天正常工作人醒着时体温高，夜间体温低。

其隐含义就是：

人体温低时工作效率是很低，由此可知答案为[D]。

Passage3

InJapan，wherecareeropportunitiesforwomenarefew，wheredivorcecanmeanalifeofhardship，andwheremostfemalenamesarestillformedusingawordforchild，awoman'sindependencehasalwayscomeatasteepprice.

  Notionsofwomen'sliberationhavenev