研究生英语阅读教程李光立基础级第三版112课后习题答案翻译.docx

研究生英语阅读教程李光立基础级第三版112课后习题答案翻译.docx

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研究生英语阅读教程李光立基础级第三版112课后习题答案翻译

Lesson1

II.Vocabulary

A.Choosethebestwordfromthefourchoicestocompleteeachofthefollowingsentences.

1.Therehasbeenmuchoppositionfromsomesocialgroups,______fromthefarmingcommunity.

A.straightforwardlyB.notablyC.virtuallyD.exceptionally

2.The______viewinBritainandotherWesterncountriesassociatesagingwithdecline,dependency,isolation,andoftenpoverty.

A.predominantB.credulousC.inclusiveD.sustainable

3.Butgiftssuchasthesecannotbeawardedtoeverybody,eitherbyjudgesorbythemost___ofgovernments./rewardrewarding

A.toughB.demandingC.diverseD.benign

4.Theforemanreadthe______ofguiltyfourteentimes,oneforeachdefendant.

A.prejudiceB.verificationC.verdictD.punishment

5.Theyfearitcouldhavea（n）______effectonglobalfinancialmarkets.

A.sizeableB.adverse（negative）C.beneficialD.consequential

6.TheUNthreatenedto______economicsanctionsifthetalkswerebrokenoff.

A.engageB.pursueC.abandon/abundantD.invoke

7.Thereareatleastfourcrucialdifferencesbetweenthenew______andtheoldgovernment.

A.regimeB.hegemonyC.complexD.federation/fedal<->federal,confederate）

8.Thesequestions______achallengetoestablishedattitudeofsuperioritytowardtheoutsideworld.

A.evolveB.Constitute形成C.tolerateD.aroused

9.Becauseofthis,astrongadministrative______wasneededtoplantheuseofscarceresources,organizeproductionandregulatedistribution.

A.apparatusB.constitutionC.insistenceD.promotion

10.Ilearntthattherearenogenuinely______animalsinthisarea,alltheanimalswerebroughtherefromotherplaces.

A.endangeredB.domesticatedC.indigenousD.extinct

B.ChoosethehestwordorexpressionfromthelistgivenforeachHonkUseeachwordorexpressiononlyonceandmakeproperchangeswherenecessary.

pointupbyandlargetakeindescentforgoodorill

leaveasidecrystalcleardieoutendangerlay...atthedoorof

1.Thebookconcludeswithareviewofthepossibleimpact（influence）ofmoreintimatecomputersforgoodorill,invariousareasofhumanlife.

2.Moreover,ithadbecomeclearfromtheopinionpollsthattheunpopularityofthenewtaxwasbeinglaidatthedoorofthegovernmentwhichhadintroducedit,ratherthanthelocalauthoritieswhowereresponsibleforlevyingandcollectingit.

3.Thiscasegavetheexampleofbreakingsomeone'sarm:

thatisareallyseriousinjury,butonewhichisunlikelytoendangerthevictim'slife.

4.ManyofthosewhoholditliveinpoorareasandsomeareColored,thatis（i.e./namely）,ofmixedEuropeanandAfricandescent.

5.Thisdebateisimportantbecauseitpointsup（stress/emphasize）that"thefacts"arenotnecessarilyassimpleandstraightforwardastheymightatfirstsightseem.

6.Inthebeginning,themeaningoflifemightbedebated,butoncepastthefirstperiod,manyoftheconversationsfollowawell-wornroutefromonetopictothenextandbackagain,takinginmostofhumanlife.

7.Butsinceagricultureformsthebasis（base）ofourindustry,itwas,byandlarge（onthewhole）,alsoanintensificationofthecrisisinthenationaleconomyingeneral.

8.Letusleaveasideotherrelevantfactorssuchaseducation,careerstructure,payandconditionsofserviceandconcentrateon（focuson）manpowermanagement.（relateAtoB）

9.Itistruethattheexactnatureofthisissueisuncertain.However,onethingiscrystalclear:

itwillnotendangertheplanetanditsinhabitants.

10.Butifanimalpopulationsaretoosmall,thentheysimplydieout.

III.Cloze

Therearetenblanksinthefollowingpassage.Readthepassagecarefullyandchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesgivenforeachblank.[criteria:

（1）semantic/

（2）grammatic]

AsimplifiedformoftheEnglishlanguagebasedon850keywordswasdevelopedinthelate1920sbytheEnglishpsychologistCharlesKayOgdenand1bytheEnglisheducatorI.A.Richards.KnownasBasicEnglish,itwasusedmainlytoteachEnglishtonon-English-speakingpersonsand2asaninternationallanguage.ThecomplexitiesofEnglishspellingandgrammar,however,weremajor3totheadoptionofBasicEnglishasasecondlanguage.

ThefundamentalprincipleofBasicEnglishwasthatanyidea,4complex,maybereducedtosimpleunitsofthoughtandexpressedclearlybyalimitednumberofeverydaywords.The850-wordprimaryvocabularywas5600nouns（representingthingsorevents）,150adjectives（forqualitiesand_6）,and100general"operational"words,mainlyverbsandprepositions.Almostallthewordswerein7useinEnglish-speakingcountries.Morethan60percentofthemwereone-syllablewords.Thebasicvocabularywascreated8byeliminating9theuseof18"basic"verbs,suchasmake,get,do,have,andbe.

Numerouswordswhichhavethesameorsimilarmeaningsandbyverbs,suchasmake,get,do,have,andbe.Theseverbsweregenerallycombinedwithprepositions,suchasup,among,under,in,andforward.Forexample,aBasicEnglishstudentwouldusetheexpression“goup”10"ascend".（Semantic/grammaticalcriterion）

1.A.createdB.publicizedC.inventedD.operated

2.A.provedB.providedC.projectedD.promoted

3.A.advantagesB.objectionsC.obstaclesD.facileties

4.A.howeverB.whateverC.whereverD.whenever

5.A.comprisedofB.madeofC.composedofD.constitutedof

6.A.personalitiesB.propertiesC.preferencesD.perceptions/perceive）

7.A.commonB.ordinaryC.averageD.nonprofessional

8.A.inallB.attimesC.forgoodD.inpart/partially）

9.A.experiencingB.exchangingC.excludingD.extending

10.A.inspiteof=despiteB.infavorofC.insteadofD.incaseof

II.Translation

PutthefollowingpassagesintoChinese.

1.ForEnglishisakiller.ItisEnglishthathaskilledoffCumbric,Cornish,NornandManx.TherearestillpartsoftheseislandswheresizeablecommunitiesspeaklanguagesthatweretherebeforeEnglish.YetEnglishiseverywhereineverydayuseandunderstoodbyallorvirtuallyall,constitutingsuchathreattothethreeremainingCelticlanguages,Irish,ScottishGaelic,andWelsh...thattheirlong-termfuturemustbeconsidered...verygreatlyatrisk.

因为英语是个杀手。

正是英语造成了康瑞克、康尼施、诺恩、曼科斯等语言的消亡。

在其中一部分岛上还有相当多的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。

然而，英语在日常生活中无处不在。

所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。

英语对现存的凯尔特语——爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，它们的未来岌岌可危。

2.Healsoassociatedsuchpolicieswithaprejudicewhichhecallslinguisticism（aconditionparalleltoracismandsexism）.AsPhillipsonseesit,leadinginstitutionsandindividualswithinthepredominantly"white"English-speakingworld,have（bydesignordefault）encouragedoratleasttolerated—andcertainlyhavenotopposed—thehegemonicspreadofEnglish,aspreadwhichbegansomethreecenturiesagoaseconomicandcolonialexpansion.

同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（和种族歧视、性别歧视的情况类似）的偏见密切相关。

在菲利普森看来，在以白人英语为主导的世界，最重要的机构和个人（有意或无意地）鼓励或者至少是容忍了（肯定没有反对）英语霸权主义式的传播。

这种传播始于三个世纪之前的经济及殖民扩张。

3.Byandlarge,wenowviewthemasmoreorlessbenign,andoftentalkwithadmirationandappreciationabouttheculturesassociatedwiththemandwhattheyhavegiventotheworld.Anditisfairlysafetodothis,becausenoneofthemnowposesmuchofathreat.

总的来说，我们现在或多或少地把这些语言看作有利的语言。

在谈到与之相关的文化及其为世界所做的贡献时，我们常怀有崇敬与赞赏，而且这样做也没有太大的风险，因为这些语言现在已不会构成什么威胁。

4.YetmanypeopleseeEnglishasablessing.Letmeleaveasideheretheobviousadvantagespossessedbyanyworldlanguage,suchasalargecommunicativenetwork,astrongliteraryandmediacomplex,andapowerfulculturalandeducationalapparatus.

然而，许多人把英语看成是一件幸事。

在此，我暂且不谈任何世界语言所具有的明显优势，例如广泛的通信网，强大的文化传媒体系，及强有力的文化教育机构。

5.English-speakingSouthAfricansofBritishdescentwerenotparticularlystronginopposingtheapartheidregime,andtheblackopposition,whosemembershadmanylanguages,wasatfirstweakanddisorganized.

讲英语的南非英国后裔并不强烈反对种族隔离政权，而黑人反对力量，其成员讲多种语言，在初期软弱无力且缺乏组织。

6.Suchsymbolismsuggeststhattheusersoftheworld'slinguafrancashouldseektobenefitasfullyaspossiblefromtheblessingandasfaraspossibleavoidinvokingthecurse.

这一象征表明这种世界通用语的使用者应充分发掘这一幸事为我们带来的好处,同时尽能避免招来灾难。

VOCABULARYITEMS

1.sizable:

adj.fairlylarge相当大的

2.virtually:

adv.almostbutnotquite;nearly几乎，差不多;virture

3.constitute:

v.toamountto;equal形成，等同于

4.aggrandis（z）ment:

n.increaseinpowerorimportance扩张，增加,expansion

5.predominantly:

adv.mostlyormainly卓越地，支配地，主要地president,dominate（v）

6.default:

n.failuretodosth.疏忽,defaultvalue.

7.hegemonic:

adj.ofthepredominantinfluenceofonenationoverothers霸权的

8.benign:

adj.tendingtoexertabeneficialinfluence;favorable有利的

9.dispassionately:

adv.calmly;reasonably平心静气地，不带偏见地

10.verdict:

n.decisionoropiniongivenaftertestingorexamining判断，裁决,verify

11.straightforward:

adj.plain;clear明确的，清清楚楚的,

12.aboriginal:

adj.ofracesofpeoplebelongingtoaregionfromtheearliesttimes土著的,amanofhumbleorigin

13.adversely:

adv.unfavorably不利地

14.indigenous:

adj.native;originatinginanarea本土的，土生土长

15.endanger:

v.tocausetobeinadangeroussituation危害

endangered:

adj.indangerofbeingdamagedordestroyed濒于灭绝的

16.apparatus:

n.structureormethodofoperation组织，机构

17.descent:

n.hereditaryderivation血统，遗传,ascend<->descend（v）

18.apartheid:

adj.racialseparateness种族隔离

19.regime:

n.systemofgovernmentorrule政权

20.vernacular:

adj.native;commonlyspokenbythemembersofacountryorregion本国语的，方言的

21.invoke:

v.tomakeaparticularidea,image,orfeelingappearinpeople'sminds引起,造成;

22.pointupto:

emphasize强调,stress;pointout

23.takein:

toinclude包括

24.forgoodor（for）ill:

whethertheef