高一英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day 181.docx

高一英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day 181.docx

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高一英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day181

高一英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day181

Passage1

Supermarketshelvesarefilledwithplant-basedalternativestocowmilk,includingsoy,nut,andcoconutmilk.Theseproductsarepopularwithconsumerswhocannotdrinkcows’milkforhealthreasons,aswellaswiththoseconcernedaboutanimalwelfareandenvironmentalsustainability.Whilethedairy-free（非乳制的）optionsworkwellwithcerealorincoffee,theyfailmiserablywhenitcomestomakingmilk-basedproductslikecheeseoryogurt.However,theseshortcomingsmaysoonbeathingofthepast,thankstoanewcompanyinCalifornia,whichhasfiguredouthowtocreateanimal-freemilkinalaboratory!

PerumalGandhiandRyanPandyafoundedthecompanyin2014afterbecomingincreasinglyannoyedwiththelackofcows’milk-freealternatives,particularlyforcheese.ForGandhi,whostoppedconsuminganimalproductsfiveyearsearlierduetoenvironmentalandanimalwelfareconcerns,themotivationtocreateabetteralternativestemmedfromhisloveofcheesypizza.Pandyawasspurredintotakingactionafterbeingforcedtoeatsome“reallybad”dairy-freecreamcheeseonhissandwich.

ThetwoMITbiomedicalengineeringscientistsdecidedtojoinforcestocreateamorerealisticalternativetodairy-basedproducts.Intheiruniversitylab,thepairspentninemonthsfirstisolating（分离）cowDNAtheninsertingitintoyeast.Thisgeneticmodificationenabledtheyeasttoproducethenecessarymilkproteins.Thefinalstepoftheprocessinvolvedmixingtheproteinswithsomeplantnutrientsandfats.

Thedairy-freemilknotonlytastesliketherealthingbutisalsohealthier,hasalongershelflifeand,mostimportantofall,isEarthfriendly.Accordingtothecompany’swebsite,whencomparedtoconventional（传统的）milkproduction,theirprocessuses65%lessenergy,creates84%olessgreenhousegasemissionsandrequires91%lesslandandanamazing98%lesswater!

Bestofall,sinceitcontainsrealmilkproteins,theproductbehaveslikethecow-producedversion,whichmeansvegetarianconsumerswillnolongerhavetodealwithsoggycheeseontheirsandwichesandpizzas.

Thecompanyplanstobringtheircreationtomarketlaterthisyearandtheirfirstproductwillmostlikelybecheesesincetherearealreadynumerousgoodcows’milkalternativesavailabletoconsumers.

1.Theunderlinedword"those"inparagraph1refersto_______.

A.alternativesB.people

C.productsD.reasons

2.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph4?

A.Thedairy-freeproductscannotbestoredforalongtime.

B.Thenewproductswilltastebetterthandairy-basedones.

C.Cowfarmingcausesconsiderableenvironmentaldamage.

D.Thedairy-freemilkwillbemoreexpensivethancow’smilk.

3.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.HealthierCheeseB.NewMilkSavesPlanet

C.FresherMilk,BetterFutureD.MakingMilkwithoutCows

Passage2

Howsharksnavigatethevastandseeminglyfeaturelessoceanhaslongbeenamystery.Nowthere'sevidencetheymayfollowtheirnoses.Sharksrelyontheirsenseofsmelltohelpchartapaththroughtheever-shiftingwatersofthedeepseas,accordingtoanewstudy.ScientistshavesupposedthattheanimalsnavigatebymonitoringsmellcluesortheEarth'smagneticfield,butnooneknewforsure.

InnewexperimentsnearSanDiego,scientistsferriedwildleopardsharksabout6miles（10kilometers）awayfromtheirpreferredhabitats,fittedthemwithtrackingdevices,andstuffedsomeoftheanimals'noseswithcottonballs.Just30minutesafterbeingreleasedfacingthewrongway,sharkswithfulluseoftheirsmellsmadeacorrectiveU-turnandthenheadedstraightbacktoshore,"saysstudyleaderAndrewNosal,aresearcherattheScrippsInstitutionofOceanography,California.Sharkswithstuffednoses,meanwhile,"appearedlost,"wanderingaimlesslyand

swimmingmoreslowlythanthosethatcouldsmellfreely.

Totestsharks'senseofdirection,Nosalandcolleaguescapturedseveraldozenleopardsharks,asmallspeciesfoundalongthecoastfromWashingtonStatetonorthernMexico.

Afterblockingsomeoftheanimals'noses,thescientiststhentooktheanimalsonacruisetodeeperwatersbeforeslippingthem,safeandunharmed,backintothesea.Eventhesharkswithpluggednosesmadeitpartwaybacktoshorebeforetheirtrackingdevicesfelloff.Butthosewithunpluggednoses"tookverystraightpaths"towardhome.Nosalsupposesthesharkslikelysniffedoutchemicalmoleculesfoundinhigherandhigherdosesnearertoland.

Otherscientists,however,remainunconvinced.Maybetheanimalswithpluggednoses"wereconfusedbythefactthattheyhadsomethingstuffedintheirnose,"saysKimHolland,amarinebiologistattheUniversityofHawaiiatManoa.It'salsounlikelytheanimalswerefollowingasmellthatgrewstrongerclosertoland,addsJayneGardiner,asensorybiologistattheNewCollegeofFlorida.Animalsthatcouldn'tsmellathingstillturnedtowardthebeach,which"suggestssomethingelseisreallyguidingthem,"shesays.

StudyleaderNosalrespondsthatsharkswithcotton-stuffednosewillinglyeat,suggestingthatacongestednosedoesn'tupsetthemmuch.Heagreesthatsharksuseavarietyofmarkerstofindtheirway,"butthepointisthatsmellparticipatesinnavigation,"hesays."Ourstudywasonlythefirststepinsolvingthismystery."

1.Thispassageismainlyabout________.

A.whysharkshaveagoodsenseofsmell

B.whysharksarecleveranimals

C.howscientistsdotheexperiment

D.howsharksfindtheirwayinthevastocean

2.Whichistrueabouttheexperimentsdonebythescientistsaccordingtothepassage?

A.Scientistspluggedsharks'nosestotestwhethertheynavigatethroughtheirsenseofsmell.

B.Scientistschosesharks'preferredhabitatsinordertotracktheanimalseasily.

C.Afterbeingtakentodeeperwaters,sharkswithpluggednosescouldn'tmakeittotheshore.

D.Thesharksintheexperimentsaren'twillingtoeatduetothepluggednoses.

3.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________.

A.therearevariousmarkersforsharkstofindtheirwayandeyesplayanimportantroleinit

B.somescientistsholddifferentopinionsfromthefindingsofthenewstudy

C.thenewstudyhascompletelysolvedthemysteryofsharks'easynavigationinthevastocean

D.thesharkslikelysniffedoutchemicalmoleculesfoundinhigherdosesnearertoland

4.What'sthepurposeofwritingthispassage?

A.Tocallonpeopletoprotectthesharks.

B.Topresentdifferenttheoriesonthemysteryofthesharks.

C.Toletpeoplelearnmoreaboutthesharks.

D.Toinformthereadersofthefindingsofanewstudyonshark.

Passage3

Imagineafuturewhereourstreetsarefilledwithads200mtall;wherebillboards（广告牌）changebeforeoureyestogiveuspersonalizedmessages;andwherecompaniestrackoureverymoveaswewalkthroughacity,pingingourphoneswithspecialoffersasweneartheirshops.

Infact,alloftheseformsofadvertisingarealreadybeingtested.Let'stakethefirstoftheseideas.Backin1982,sciencefictionmovieBladeRunnerenvisagedafuturisticcityscapewheregiantadvertsstretchedthefullheightofskyscrapers.AndUKcompanyLightvertarenowdoingsomethingverysimilar；withonecrucialdifference.

Insteadofmakingimmensephysicaladverts,theircommercialsarebeamedstraightintoconsumers'eyes.Theydothisbyattachingastripofreflectivematerialontoabuildingandprojectinganimageontoit.Thisimagethen'bounces'outintotheworld.Whenyoupassdirectlyinfrontoftheimage,youseeit.Itappearstobehugeandsuspended（悬浮的）inmid-air,butotherscan'tseeit–it'sonlyvisiblefromonelocation.Lightvertclaimsthisformofadvertisingisunobstrusiveandcan"unlock"largeamountsof"high-valueadvertisingspace".

Butnoteveryoneissoldontheideaoflivinginaworldofendlessads.InMoscow,forexample,anewformofadvertisingtargetingmotoristshassplitopinion.DriversapproachingaparticulardigitalbillboardinthecityareshownadvertsforanewkindofJaguarcar,butonlyifyouaredrivingadifferentmakeofvehicle.Sensors（传感器）inthebillboarddetectwhatkindofcaryouaredriving,andsendyouanadbasedonthatinformation.

Whilethismayseeminvasive（侵入性）,it'sactuallythesafetyaspectthathasconcernedsomeobservers.ResearchersinSwedenhaveshownthatdigitalbillboardsattractoureyesforlongerthanotherkinds.Infact,theydistractusforovertwoseconds,alengthoftimewhichstudieshaveprovedtobedangerousontheroads.

Finally,wehave"proximitymarketing",whereshopsdetectwhereyouareonthehighstreetandsendtailoredadvertstoyourphone.DevicescapeisonecompanytrialingtheuseofWi-Fiasameansoftrackingcustomers.Theirtechnologycouldworkanywhere,whetherin"asupermarket,aconcerthall,orabus,"saysOwenGeddesfromtheirmarketingteam.Whatwouldcustomerssee?

"Itcouldbeadiscountoffertouseintheshopthepersonisvisiting,orapieceofcontentsuchasamovietrailer,"saysMr.Geddes.

1.Thepassageismainlydevelopedby________.

A.listingfiguresB.givingexamplesC.makingcomparisonsD.analyzingthecauses

2.Wecanlearnfromparagraphs2and3that________.

A.lightvertismakinggiantphysicaladsB.digitaladsofLightvertaremorespace-savingC.bladeRunnerisasciencefictionmoviesetin1982D.onlythosewhoaretargetcustomerscanseethedigitalads

3.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.DriversofJaguarcarcanseetheJaguaradswhengettingclosetoadigitalbillboard.B.Whatactuallyworriessomeobserversislivinginaworldofendlessads.C.Adsinthefuturetend