高一英语必修三第一单元重要知识点讲解重要词汇语法等doc资料.docx
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高一英语必修三第一单元重要知识点讲解重要词汇语法等doc资料
Unit1
重要单词,词组讲解
1.mean的用法
Whatdoyoumeantodowithit?
Ididn’tmeantohurtyou.
1)meantodo意欲做
Thismeansstayingherelonger.
Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.
2)meandoing意味着做
Heisnotmeantforateacherandwillalwaysbeunhappyintheschool.
Bemeantfor适合做
他说他不适合读书因为懒。
Hesayshe_________________astudentforhislaziness.
这次考试失败意味着要再考一次。
Failingthisexam___________________anotherone.
我并不是故意迟到的。
Ididn’t____________belateforschool.
2.celebratevt.
(1) 庆祝;祝贺
celebrateChristmas/one’sbirthday/avictory(成功)
(2) 赞扬;称颂
Thenamesofmanyheroesarecelebratedbythepoets.
词语辨析:
celebrate,congratulate
celebrate后常接日期,事情或场合
congratulate后常接人
表示为某事而祝贺某人congratulatesb.on/uponsth.
ex:
congratulateyouonyourmarriage.
有时还表示私自庆幸的意思。
ex:
Icongratulatedmyselfonmyescapefrombeingpunished.
3.英语中表示“发生”的词或短语均为不及物,不用于被动语态。
主语为所发生的事。
词语辨析:
takeplace,happen,occur,comeabout,breakout的比较
1)Theweddingwilltakeplacetomorrow.
2)In1919,theMay4thMovementtookplaceinChina.
takeplace发生,举行;侧重安排或计划而发生的事,带有“非偶然”的意思
3)Whathashappenedtoher?
碰巧,恰好
happen“发生”,普通用词,含义很广。
常指具体客观事物或情况的发生,含有“偶然”的意味。
当以具体事物、事件作主语时,happen和occur可以换用;但当happen用作“碰巧”之意时,不能用occur代替,但可以与comeabout互换。
4)Ithappenedtorainthatday.
5)ThetrafficaccidentoccurredonWednesday.
occur“发生,出现”,较正式用词,指事情偶然地、意外地发生或思想突然浮在心头。
occurto有“想起”的意思。
6)TheSecondWorldWarbrokeoutin1939.
breakout(火灾、战争、疾病)突然发生、爆发
7)Howdoesitcomeaboutthatyouwerecaughtbythepolice?
comeabout“发生”,往往注重事情发生的原因。
且很多时候与how连用。
与happen用法较接近
用takeplace,happen和comeabout的正确形式填空
1.TheMay4thMovement_____________in1919.
2.Ifanything___________tothemachine,letmeknowatonce.
3.Theopeningdayoftheplay___________tomorrownight.
4.Canyoutellmehowit___________?
4.starve:
vt.使饿死
vi.饿得要死starvetodeath
bestarvedof/starvefor:
渴望
她很寂寞,渴望友谊:
Sheislonely,starvingforfriendship.
Themotherlesschildrenwerestarvedof/werestarvingforaffection.渴望母爱
他们在沙漠中迷路而饿死。
他们正急需一大笔钱来完成工作。
Theygotlostinthedesertand____________________.
Theyare_____________asumofmoneytofinishtheirwork.
n.starvation
饿死:
dieof____________
5.ayear/dayofplenty富裕/丰收的年月
days/yearsofplenty
——Havewegotenoughapples?
——Yes,thereareplentyinthebasket.
plentyof+复数n/不可数n
plentyofeggs/food/milk…足够的…
6.honour(英)/honor(美)
1)光荣,荣誉(n)
Theyfightforthehonourofthecountry.
Onemustshowhonourtoone’sparents.
2)inhonourof为了纪念
Afestivalissetinhonourofthehero.
3)anhounour光荣的人或事情
LiuXiangisanhonourtoourcountry.
4)尊敬,给以荣誉(v)
Childrenshouldhonourtheirparents.
7.satisfyvt.vi.使满意,使满足
Nothingcansatisfyhimexceptthebest.
Somepeoplearereallyhardtosatisfy.
sb.besatisfiedwith对…满意
e.g.She’snotsatisfiedwithhernewhouse.
令人满意的:
satisfying,satisfactory
满意:
satisfaction
8.pleasevt.使愉快,取悅…
Itisdifficulttopleaseeverybody.
Ouraimistopleasethecustomers.
pleased(人)高兴的…愉快的
Pleasing(物)令人愉快的
pleasant(物)好听的,令人舒服的
pleasure高兴的事情
听到她悦耳的声音我们很高兴.
Weare_________tohearher___________voice.Itissucha___________tous.
Iwasvery_________tohearthenews.
Thenewswasvery___________tous.
9.harmn损害,伤害
e.g.Hemeantnoharmtoyou.
(Hedidn’tintendtohurtyou.)
dosbharm=doharmtosb=harmsb
Theeventshasharmedtherelationsbetweenthetwocountries.
10.Theyofferfood,flowersandgift….
词语辨析:
offer,provide,supply
offer主动提供。
offersthtosb;offersbsth
provide供给(所需物,尤指生活必需品)。
providesth(forsb);providesbwithsth.
supply:
供应(所需要或所要求之物)。
supplysthtosb;supplysbwithsth
WhenImeetdifficulty,myroommateswill_____mehelp.
他们悬赏找回丢失的珠宝。
They_______arewardforthereturnofthelostjewels.
政府得提供这些老人们吃穿。
Thegovernmentneedto_________theseoldpeoplewithfoodandclothes.
每个月都得供应足够的电。
Electricityshouldbe_________enougheverymonth.
11.inmemoryof=tothememoryofsb
Themuseumwasbuiltinmemoryofthefamousscientist.
inhonorofinchargeof
insearchofsb./sth.
12.dressup盛装打扮,化装打扮
Youdon’thavetodressup.Comeasyouare.
ChildrenlovedressingupinHalloween.
dressoneself给某人自己穿衣
dresssb给某人穿衣服
你认识穿着白色裙子的那个女孩吗?
Doyouknowthegirlwhoisdressedinawhiteskirt?
Doyouknowthegirlwhoiswearingawhiteskirt?
Doyouknowthegirlwhohasonawhiteskirt?
选词填空:
weardresshaveonputon
1.Mydaughterisnowabletoherself.
2.Mr.WualwaysabluecoatinWinter.
3.XiaoWangawhiteshirttoday.
4.IliketomyhatwhenIgooutinWinter.
13.award
n.奖品,奖项,奖金,助学金……
Sheshowedustheawardsshehadwon.
Marygotanawardandwasabletofinishherstudy.
vt.授予……裁定……
awardsbsth=awardsthtosb
Thejudgesawardedbothteamsequalpoints.
reward回报,报酬
他因为努力学习而受奖。
他用100块钱酬谢这个工人。
He______________forstudyinghard.
He____________theworkerwith100yuan.
14.admiresb/sth(for…)
钦佩,羡慕
Theyadmiredourgarden.
Iadmirehimforhissuccessinbusiness.
我们都钦佩他的勇气和胆识。
Weall________________hiscourageandbravery.
admiration名词admirable形容词
15.lookforwardto(介词)+n/v-ing盼望,期待
I’mlookingforwardtohiscoming.
以下短语中的to也为介词,后面加doing,而不是do
payattentionto注意devote…to致力于
preferto更加喜欢getdownto开始做
beusedto习惯于
--ward向着…方向
backward向后
forward向前
16.asthough=asif好像,仿佛
1.虚拟语气(从句所用的时态比前面真实句所用的时态倒退一个时态.)
Hebehavedasif/thoughnothinghadhappened.
Hetalksasif/thoughhekneweverything.
Helooksasifhewereill.
2.陈述语气(表示很可能的事实就用陈述语气,)
Itlooksasif/thoughitisgoingtorain.
1.)他向我招手好像有事情告诉我。
Hewavedtomeasiftotellmesomething.
2.)这女孩环顾四周好像在找什么东西。
Thegirllookedaroundasifinsearchofsomething.
3.)他说起来好像他是一个专家似的。
Hetalksasifhe____anexpert.
4.)他英语讲得很流利,就像在英国学的一样。
HespokeEnglishsofluentlyasifhe______itinEngland.
5.)看起来我们对要赢了。
Itlooksasifourteam_______________.
17.turnup
1)appear出现,露面
他到目前还没有出现。
He__________________sofar.
你总是迟到!
(做事慢慢吞吞的)
You’realways__________lateforeverything!
2)调大声音,把...开大点儿
请把火调大一点。
Please_________thefire.
相关短语:
turndown关小,拒绝
turnoff关掉
turnon打开
turnout结果是
turntosb.forhelp向某人求助
18.keepone’sword守信用,遵守诺言
breakone’sword违背诺言
inaword简言之
inotherwords换句话说
haveawordwithsb.与某人交谈
havewordswithsb.(aboutsth.)关于某事与某人争吵
我想和你谈一下。
I’dliketo___________withyou.
Agentlemanshouldalways__his__.
A.keeps;word
B.keep;word
C.keeps;words
D.keep;words
19.holdone’sbreath屏息
当那个女孩看到那条蛇的时候,她屏住呼吸。
Thegirl_____________atthesightofthesnake.
takebreath呼吸
loseone’sbreath=beoutofbreath喘不过气来
breathev.breathn.
Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,wewerenearly_________.
•A.underourbreathB.lostourbreath
•C.caughtourbreathD.outofbreath
20.apologize道歉
apologizetosbfor(doing)sth
=saysorrytosbfordoingsth
你必须为你的粗鲁行为向老师道歉。
Youmustapologize_______theteacher________beingsorude.
apologyn.
makeanapologytosbfor(doing)sth.
21.drown(drowned,drowned)浸、泡,淹没,淹死
洪水淹没了街道和房子。
Thefloods___________thestreetsandhouses.
借…消愁
drownone’ssorrow/sadnessin…
drownone’ssorrow/sadnessincoffee
Franktriedtosavethe___________girlintheriver,butunfortunatelyhewas_______.
A.drowned;drowningB.drowning;drowned
C.drowned;drownedD.drowning;drowning
22.ItwasobviousthatthemanagerofthecoffeeshopwaswaitingforLiFangtoleave...
obviousadj.明显的,清楚的
It+be+obvious+that-clause
Itwasobviousthatshewasindanger.
23.wipe(wiped,wiped)
Vt擦,擦去
wipeoff 抹掉,擦掉
wipeup 擦干净,歼灭
Thestudentsonduty____________theblackboardduringbreak.
A.WipedthewordsoffB.washed
C.CleanedD.AandC
cleantheblackboard
wipethewordsofftheblackboard
24.remindsb.ofsth提醒某人某事
remindsb.todosth
remindsb.that…
1)他提醒我那个承诺。
Heremindedmeofmypromise.
2)他提醒我要早起。
Heremindedmetogetupearly.
3)他提醒我本应该小心点。
HeremindedthatIshouldhavebeenmorecareful.
25.AsLiFangsetoffforhome,hethought...
setoff:
动身,出发;(侧重去某一个地方);使(地雷、炸弹)爆炸;
TomandhisfathersetoffforAmericayesterday.
Thebombsetoffamongthecrowd.
相关短语:
setaboutdoingsth.= setouttodosth着手(做某事)
26.用custom,practice和habit
1)Ihavethe_______ofgettingupearly.
2)Itisthe________fortheJapanesetotakeofftheirshoeswhentheygetintoahall.
3)Social___________differfromcountrytocountry.
4)Hemakesa_________ofcheatingatexaminations.
5)Weshouldpay_______whenweimportfromabroad.
custom指传统风俗、习俗,也可指生活习惯,后接不定式。
practice习俗,惯例;与custom近义,但含贬义。
makeapracticeof…惯常做某事。
habit生活习惯,后接ofdoing,不可接不定式。
选词填空:
worldwide/permission/apologize/drown/sadness/wipe/weep/forgive/obvious/turnup/keepone’sword/holdone’sbreath/setoff/remind…of…
1)Youshouldn’ttellsuchlies.
2)Theyenteredtheareawithout.
3)Thepoormanishissorrows.
4)Hisfameis.
5)Themanshouldtoyouforknockingyoudown.
6)Hecan’thimselffornotseeinghismotherbeforeshedied.
7)Heisalwayswaitingforsomethingto.
8)Thechildrenarefireworksinthegarden.
9)Youmaydependonwhathesays,forheisapersonwhoalways.
10)Theracewassoclosethateveryonewasatthefinish.
11)ThefilmhimwhathehadseeninChina.
选用下列单词的正确形式填空:
ancestorbeliefgatheragriculturaladmire
awardstarvemean
1.Shehasbeena_______ascholarshiptostudyatHarvard.
2.Thea_______ofwhomIamproudestismygreatgrandfather.
3.Whenaboyleavescollegeandbeginstoearnmoney,hecanlivealifeofi____________.