研究生英语阅读教程基础级2版课文09及其翻译.docx

研究生英语阅读教程基础级2版课文09及其翻译.docx

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研究生英语阅读教程基础级2版课文09及其翻译

TheWeirdWorldofTobacco

ByAnnaQuidlen

[1]ImaginethatmillionsofAmericansareaddictedtoalethal（poisonous/deadly）drug,yettheFoodandDrugAdministrationhadrepeatedlyrefusedtoregulate（control）it.Imaginethatwhen（while）theFDAdoesitsduty,anappealscourtdecidesitcannotdoso,thatthedrugissodangerousthatiftheFDAregulatedit,itwouldhavetobebanned.

[2]Welcometothetopsy-turvy（是非颠倒的）worldoftobacco,wherenothingmuchmakessense（bemeaningful）exceptthevastprofits,wheretobacco-companyexecutivesslip-slidealongthecontinuum（连续统一体）fromaggrieved（sad）innocencetoheartfelt（sincere真诚的）regretwithoutbreaking（shedblood）asweat,andwheretheonlypeoplewhoseemtobeabletoshootstraight（hitthetarget命中目标的）arethejurors（judges）whodecidetheubiquitous（common）lawsuits.

[3]Themostrecentpanel（court）handeddownajudgmentof$145billion—thelargestjuryawardinhistory—onbehalfofsicksmokersinFlorida.Lawyersforthetobaccocompaniesthunderedthatthejudgmentwouldbankruptthem,yetthestockmarketscarcely（hardly）shuddered.Expertssaidtheamountwouldlikely（possible）bereducedwhencoolerjudicialheadsprevailed.

[4]Thejurors—whogaveuptwoyearsoftheirlives,listenedtoendlesswitnessesandyetdeliberated（gave）onlyafewhours—couldbeforgiveniftheyfeltthey'dfallendownAlice'srabbitholeintoWonderland,wheretheQueenofHeartscries"Offwiththeirheads（Killthem）"butnooneiseverexecuted（killed）.

[5]AlGore,forinstance,inspired（=encouraged）bythedeathofhissisterfromlungcancer,hasinsistedthathewilldoeverythinghecantokeepcigarettesoutofthehandsofchildren.Buthesayshewouldneveroutlawcigarettesbecausemillionsofpeoplesmoke.Howmanyusersmandatelegality?

Whatabouttheestimated3.6millionchroniccocaineusers,orthe2.4millionpeoplewhoadmittohavingshot（injected）orsnortedheroin?

[6]Icanalmostfeelallthesmokers,tiredofstandingoutsidetheirofficebuildingspuffingintherain,jumpingupanddownandyelling,"Tobaccoisdifferentfromillicitdrugs!

"Becauseitislegal?

Nowthere'sacircularargument.

[7]Ahundredyearsagothesaleofcigaretteswasagainstthelawin14states.TheSupremeCourthadconcludedof（about）cigarettes,"Theypossessnovirtue（goodquality）,butareinherentlybad,andbadonly."Atthetime（Then）,Coca-Colacontainedtracesofcocaine,andheroinwasincoughsyrups.

[8]Sincethentobaccocompanieshavespreadpoliticalcontributionsaroundlikeweedkilleronthelawninsummer,supportinglargelycomplicitRepublicans,wholikefreeenterprise（andsoftmoney）morethantheyhateemphysema.（GeorgeW.Bushrespondedtoaquestionabouttherecentmega-settlement（judge/decision）bybemoaningalitigiousnation.）

[9]Responsibility-mindedAmericansaccept（considered）theargumentthatindividualshavetherighttopoisonthemselves,althoughstudiesshowingthatthevastmajorityofsmokersbeganasminors（asyoungchildren）raisequestionsaboutinformedconsent.

[10]Officialtobaccoapologists（apology.n./apologize.vt.）spentyearsinsistingtheirproductdidnotcausecancer,andthenthatitwasnotaddictive（n.）.Nowthey'vedonea180,arguingthatsincethereisnosuchthingasasafecigarette,theFDA,createdtoregulatethesafetyofproducts,cannottouchthem.Ifthissounds（=is）likehavingitbothways,that'sbecauseitis.

[11]Meanwhile（=atthesametime）,PhilipMorrismakeslargecontributionstosoupkitchens,balletcompanies,museumsandshelters—beingagoodcitizenwiththeprofitsofaproductthatkills400,000peopleayear.Andmagazinesrunarticlesaboutthedangersofcigarettesinthesameissuesthatadvertisethem.

[12]Eventobaccofoeshavefudged（hesitated）.WhenDr.DavidKesslerran（administrate）theFDA,hepubliclyconcluded（said）whateveryonealreadyknew:

thatcigarettesarenothingmorethanadeliverydevice（media）fornicotine,adangerousandaddictivedrug.Buttheagencydidnottaketheobviousnextstep.TheFood,Drug,andCosmeticActforbidsthesale（sell）ofanydrugthatisnotsafeandeffective,andpartoftheFDA'smandate（responsibility）istoregulatedevices.Cigarettesareadevice（media/equipment）.Thedrugandchemicalstheydeliverarepatently（obviously）unsafe.Ergo（Therefore）,cigarettesshouldbebanned.

[13]That'snotgoingtohappeninourlifetime.Toomanytobaccofarmers,toomanytobaccoaddicts;arighttoalivelihood（happiness）,arighttoalifestyle.[Thesearguments（reasons）holdfor（support）legalizingillicitdrugsaswell,butnevermind.]

[14]"Prohibition"isadirtywordinAmerica.Buttobaccocaninnowaybecomparedwithalcohol.Manypeoplecananddodrinksafelyandinmoderation,whileitisimpossibletosmokewithoutsomepernicioushealtheffects,andnearly（almost）allsmokerscanbedescribedasaddicts.

[15]Public-serviceannouncements,catchy（attractive）commercials（advertisements）forkids,settlementswiththestatestorecover（pay）healthcarecosts:

thetobaccocompanies,whichoncesworetheyweredoingnothingwrong,arenowwillingtolosesomeideologicalbattlestowinthewaroftheprofitmargin.OnePhilipMorrisexecutiveappearingatarecent（press）conferencetoldKessler,whoseeffortstorestrictsalesandadvertisingaimedatchildrenspawned（fought）abattleroyalofbillablehours,thathewelcomed"seriousregulation（control）ofthetobaccoindustryatthefederallevel".Nowtheytellus.

[16]Whyshouldn'ttheMarlboromenplaytheangles?

Thepublicandthepolshaveprovidedthemwithsomany（chancestoplayangles）.

[17]Hereisthebottomline:

cigarettesaretheonlylegalproductthat,when（while）usedasdirected（directly）causedeath.（843words）

ABOUTTHEAUTHOR

AnnaQuindlen（1956—）isagraduateofBarnardCollege.AsacolumnistatTheNewYorkTimesfrom1981to1994,in1990Quindlenbecameonlythethirdwomaninthepaper'shistorytowritearegularcolumnforitsinfluentialOp-Edpage.In1992QuindlenwonthePulitzerPrizeforCommentary.In2000,Quindlenbecamethefirstwriterevertohavebooksappearonthefiction,nonfiction,andself-helpNewYorkTimesBestSellerlists.

EXERCISES

I.ReadingComprehension

A.Answerthefollowingquestionsorcompletethefollowingstatements.

1.Afterapaneljudgmentof$145billionwasawarded,thestockmarket_____.

A.witnessedanimmediatedownturn

B.soaredinamatterofdays

C.slightlyincreasedinsalesvolume

D.remainedalmostunaffected

2.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto"withoutbreakingasweat"asusedinPara.2?

A.Withoutmuchdifficulty.

B.Withoutmuchconsideration.

C.Withoutmuchdelay.

D.Withoutmuchguilt.

3.Afterthejurorsreachedthe$145billionverdict,tobaccocompanies_____.

A.hadtopaytheamountasdemanded

B.didn'treceivethepunishmenttheydeserve

C.announcedtoapplyforbankruptcy

D.gaveupprofitsforabettercorporateimage

4.WhatisthereasongivenbyAlGorefornotbanningcigarettes?

A.TherearemillionsofsmokersintheU.S.

B.TherearemillionsoftobaccofarmersintheU.S.

C.Tobaccocompaniesareimportanttax-payers.

D.Tobaccoconsumptionisastimulustoeconomy.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.Saleofcigaretteshasalwaysbeenalegalcommercialactivity.

B.Useofcocaineorheroinhasalwaysbeenbannedbylaw.

C.Cigarettesarenotasharmfulascocaineorheroininnature.

D.Cocaineorheroinusedtobeconsideredsaferthancigarettes.

6.Wecandrawtheconclusionthattheauthor'sattitudetowardRepublicanpolicyontobaccois_____.

A.supportiveB.indifferentC.criticalD.obscure

7.WhatisthepresentargumentputforwardbytobaccocompaniestorejectFDAregulation?

A.Littleevidenceprovesthatcigarettescancausecancer.

B.Fewsmokersshowsignsastobaccoaddicts.

C.FDAlacksthelegalrighttobancigarettes.

D.Smokershavetherighttosmokeastheywish.

8.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheargumentsagainstbanningcigarettesandthefutureofcigarettes?

A.Theargumentsarestrong,andcigaretteswillnotbebanned.

B.Theargumentsarestrong,butcigaretteswillbebanned.

C.Theargumentsarenotstrong,andcigaretteswillbebanned.

D.Theargumentsarenotstrong,butcigaretteswillnotbebanned.

9.Theauthor'sprimarypurposeinwritingthistextisto_____.

A.provetheharmfuleffectsofcigarettes

B.advocateregulationandbanningofcigarettes

C.analyzethelawsuitsagainsttobaccocompanies

D.callonsmokerstogiveupcigarettes

10.Tobaccocompaniesarenowwillingtoadmitwrongdoingbecausetheyhavetheirmindon_____.

A.smokers'healthB.governmentregulationC.commercialprofitD.publicpressure

B.Completethefollowingoutlineofthetextbyfillingintheblanks.

1.Theworldoftobaccoisaweirdworldbecause_____.

2.Argumentsforandagainstbanningoftobacco

Argumentsagainstbanningtobacco

Argumentsforbanningtobacco

ThegovernmentrepresentedbyAlGorearguesthattherearetoomanysmokers.

Theargumentsthattherearetoomanysmokers,toomanytobaccofarmersalsoholdfordrugssuchasheroineandcocaine.Thereisnoreasonthatheroineandcocainearebannedwhiletobaccoshouldnot.

Publicopinion:

Responsibility-mindedAmericansbelievethatindividualshavetherighttopoisonthemselves.

Manysmokersbeginningasminorshaveraisedquestionstotheso-calledinformedconsent.

Tobaccocompanies:

（1）Inthepast:

Cigaretteswerenotdangerousandtheywerenotaddictive.

（2）Atpresent:

Nocigarettesaresafe,theFDA,createdtosafeguardthesaf