高中英语外刊原创改编讲义语法新题型.docx
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高中英语外刊原创改编讲义语法新题型
学习目标
掌握语法新题型的做题技巧
课前热身:
例:
(1)___________(be)anambassadorofthelandandahunter,myhusbandtaughtmehowtohunt,fish,setnets,snarerabbits,makeafireintherain,readtheweatheranddriveaboat.(选自2017年青浦静安长宁宝山联考二模)
解析:
此题的正确答案为being。
句中无连接词,后半句已有谓语taught,断定为非谓语,其逻辑主语为myhusband,根据句意应为“作为这片土地的使者和一位猎人”。
例:
Iamsothankfulandproud
(2)___________(give)theopportunitytoleadthiskindoflifestyle,whichsomedaywillbepassedontomygrandchildren.(选自2017年青浦静安长宁宝山联考二模)
解析:
此题的正确答案为tohavebeengiven。
根据句中两个谓语一个连接词确定此处为非谓语,再根据句式
Sbbeadjtodosth确定此处为不定式,其逻辑主语I,再者上下文确定为已经被给予。
例:
Inadditionto(3)___________(add)toourprovisionsfortheyear,theseexcursionsare(4)___________ourfamilystoriesandrecollectionsaresharedthemost.(选自2017年青浦静安长宁宝山联考二模)
解析:
此题的正确答案为adding。
Inadditionto是一个介词词组,后面要接宾语。
思考:
通过分析高考真题让学生了解近年高考命题趋势,做好备考。
2018春考·语法新题型
Directions:
Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.
MyKid-FreeLife
Ihadexpectedtohavemorefreetimeaftermysons,EvanandAlex,eachleftforcollege,andIdo.Thekitchencalendarlooksspare.Rarely(21)______Ineedtopreparefamilydinnereveryday.Thereisalot(22)______laundry.
Whentheboyswereinfants,IwonderedhowI(23)______(spend)allthehoursbeforetheywereborn,(24)____________Ihavethosehoursback,Icanfocusonmyownneeds.
Ihadalsoexpectedtoworryaboutthemwhentheywereaway.AndIdo.Didtheygettheirflushots(流感疫苗注射)?
Willtheyrememberthetalksabout"goodchoices"?
Ontheotherhand,theworryismixedwithrelief.Ihaveseen(25)______vigorouslytheygrowwithoutme.
DoImissthem?
Yes.BothmoreandlessthanI'dguessed.DoIfeelunitedforhavinglostmyprimaryroleinlife?
No,becauseovertheyear,Itookgreatpride(26)______thefactthatmyidentitywasnotdependentontheirs.But,surprisingly,yes.(27)______(be)adifferentkindofmotherdefinesmenow.
Themissingcomesatunexpectedmoments:
seeingtheschoolbusdriveby,startingtoputtoomanyplatesonthetable…Whentheyhavedoubtsaboutfriendshipsorjobprospects,Icanonlysay,"I'msureyouwillfigureitout."
Andyet,thespaces(28)______(empty)bylossaremorethanfilledbywhatI'vefound.Inowhavethechance(29)______(see)themasthewholeworlddoesbutalsolikenooneelseeverwill.AsadultsIhappenedtohelpcreate.
Therooms(30)______theboysusedtolivelookvacant.Ifeelsadnessbutalsojoy.Iknewtheywouldleave,buttheywillfindtheirwayback.
Myhomeisempty.Butoverflowing.
Key:
21.do22.less23.hadspent24.nowthat25.how
26.in27.Tobe/Being28.emptied29.tosee30.where
知识精讲:
1、——老外也有语法吗?
——有!
2、安排!
知识点一(高考中的老外说语法1)
【知识梳理】
语法填空考点概述
出题方式
词性考查
考点分布
备考之道
设关键词
形容词/副词
比较级
准确判断考点,并且熟练掌握比较级、最高级变化规则和特殊情况
最高级
动词
时态
关注各个时态的用法和常见考点如完成时
语态
结合主语和动词用法,合理判断
不定式
合理判断非谓语类型;关注时态和语态
动名词
分词
不设
关键词
冠词
定冠词,不定冠词
准确判断语境是特指还是非特指
介词
搭配及其他
当空格后的名词在句中不是作主语,表语或动词宾语时,选填介词;注意积累常考介词
代词
人称物主代词
注意判断句子结构(尤其是所缺成分)以及语境的呼应
不定代词
反身单词
it
形式主语、形式宾语、强调句、指代上文事物
情态动词
动词的意义
注意观察语境中暗含的情感和态度
连接词
定语从句
熟练判断各种复合句结构,掌握连接词的特定用法
名词性从句
状语从句
强调句
连词
并列句
判断上下句之间的逻辑关系
1.阅读/理解语篇的能力2.分析句子结构的能力
3.熟练运用语法的能力4.单词拼写能力
解题步骤:
1.通读全文,了解大意
既然是利用语篇在语境中考语法,那么,我们在解题前就应快速浏览短文,了解全文大意。
2.分析语境,试填空格
读懂短文后,要结合短文所提供的特定语境及解题思路去填空。
3.对照考点,解决难题
在解题过程中要先易后难。
在做好有把握的题后,对照各考点及题数,仔细推敲,解决难题。
4.通读全文,确保无误。
【例题精讲】
例1.语法新题型外刊改编系列01
TheEconomist(经济学人)--Mistakesaretheengineoflanguage’sevolution
Childrenwillnotonlyinherittheworld,butshapeit.Andintheirlinguisticmistakes,theirparentscangetasenseofhow.
Takethechildcollectingdifferentkindsofanimalsinavideogame:
“Igotanewspecie!
”hecries.Thesourceofthemistakeisobvious.Thechild
(1)__________haveheardtheword“species”andassumeditwasthepluralofsomethingcalledaspecie.Thistypeofmistakeshappensamongtheirparentstoo.Somesurvive
(2)__________theydisplaceanoldformandbecomethenewstandard.Peaisanotherexample.Peopleateamassofboiledbeanscalledpeaseandmisanalyseditasaplural,andthatis(3)__________thenewsingularpeawasborn.
Foreignborrowingsarealsoasourceoferror-induced(错误引起的)change.TheFrenchlamunition(4)__________(misunderstand)asl’ammunition,givingrisetotheEnglishword.Englishspeakersarenottheonlypeoplewhodothiskindofthing,(5)__________isFrenchtheonlyvictim.Itis(6)____________________Englishhadswallowedlamunitionwholeas“lamunition”;Achefdecuisine,originallyadoptedfromFrench,wasbossofthekitchen.ButtheEnglisheventuallytookacheftobeacook.
Theexamplesaboveareinstructive.Thisisn’tsomuchawordbornofasingleclear-cutmistake,asonethatemergedfromagradualtransformation.
Everyword(7)__________(change)alittlebitallthetime.Somechangesweresystematic:
allwordswiththesamevowelgradually(8)__________(pronounce)withadifferentone.(9)__________haveaffectedjustonewordatatime,andsotendtobetoosubtletocatchtheeye.Thenapronsoftheworldarenotable,then,notbecausetheyareexceptions,butbecausetheyareinstancesofacommonphenomenon(10)__________happenedapparentlyenoughtomakeatidyexample.Inotherwords,likeanylivinglanguage,itis“error”allthewaydown.
【答案】
1.must--情态动词
2.until--连词之时间状语从句连词
3.how--连词之表语从句连词
4.wasmisunderstood/ismisunderstood--谓语动词语态
5.nor--连词之并列句连词
6.asif--连词之表语从句连词
7.ischanging--谓语动词时态
8.werepronounced--谓语动词之被动式
9.Others--代词
10.that/which--连词之定语从句连词
【课堂练习】
语法新题型外刊改编系列02
时代周刊(Time)--AttacksonEbolacentersinCongoraisefearsthatthe...
AfteraseriesofattacksonEbolatreatmentfacilitiesatthecenterofanoutbreakintheDemocraticRepublicofCongo,medicalcharityMédecinsSansFrontières(MSF)suspendedoperationsintheareaonFeb.28.With894casesand561deaths
(1)__________theoutbreakwasdeclaredinAugust,theepidemicisthesecond
(2)__________(large)onrecord.Inthewakeoftheattacks,thehighlyinfectiousvirusislikelytospread.
Difficultdecision
AfteroneclinicwasburntonFeb.24,dozensofarmedmenflooded(3)__________onFeb.27,shootingupsanitation (卫生)facilitiesandsettingmorefires.Atleastonepersonwaskilled,andtheconditionsofseveralpatientswho(4)__________(flee)intotheforest — someofwhomcouldbeinfectious — areunknown.MSF’sdecisiontowithdrawwasnotaneasyonefortheorganization,whichwaskeyinending2014’sWestAfricanoutbreak.Butitsfieldemergency coordinator (协调员),EmmanuelMassart,toldNPRtheattackslefthimlittlechoice:
“WhenIsendmyteams,Ineedtobesurethattheyaregoingtocomebackalive.”
Thetrustproblem
Urgently(5)__________(put)intoeffectanEbolatreatmentprogramcancomeattheexpenseofcommunityeducation.Ebola’sinitialsymptomsresemblethoseofdiseaseslikemalaria,(6)__________thenewlyinfectedrarelyseekhelp.Mostareunawarethatpatientsshouldbeisolatedand(7)__________thedead,stillteemingwiththevirus,shouldn’tbeburiedinthetraditionalway.CombineignoranceandfearwitheasternCongo’sworseningguerrillawarandasuspicionofstrangers,andviolencecanerupt.Massarthassaidthat,whenrecalling,MSF(8)__________haveengagedmorewithlocalsfromthestart.
Containingthespread
HealthofficialsarecallingontheWorldHealthOrganizationtodeclareapublichealthemergency(9)__________internationalconcern,whichwouldmobilizeinternationalaid.Butsuchadeclarationoftensparkstravelrestrictionsthatcancutoffvitalsupplyroutesandpreventhealthexpertsfromcomingin.(10)__________MSFhasdiscovered,progressindefeatingEbolaoftenmeanstakingastepbackwardforeverytwostepsforward.
【答案】
1.since/after--连词之时间状语从句连词
2.largest--形容词最高级
3.another--代词
4.fled/hadfled--谓语动词过去式/现在完成式
5.putting--非谓语动词之动名词
6.so--连词之并列句连词
7.that--连词之宾语从句连词
8.should/could--情态动词
9.of--介词
10.As--连词之定语从句连词
知识点二(高考中的老外说语法2)
【知识梳理】
1.非谓语考点解析:
非谓语的考察主要是非谓语的判定和非谓语的用法。
答题策略:
1)非谓语的判定方法与步骤:
1.找出该句中已有的谓语动词个数。
2.找出该句中已存在的连接词个数。
3.根据一个句子中谓语动词的个数=连接词的个数+1,来判定该动词是填谓语还是非谓语。
*注意a.以一个完整的句子为界
b.一定要是连接句子的连接词,连接其他的不算
c.注意连接词省略的两种情况:
宾语从句中的that;定语从句中关系代词做宾语;另一个特殊的theway引导的方式状语从句,theway是一个连接词。
2)非谓语三种形式的判定技巧:
1.判定为非谓语之后,找到该非谓语的逻辑主语。
2.判定逻辑主语与该动词的主被动关系。
3.根据非谓语动词的具体用法来确定最终形态。
二.不设关键词:
考查冠词、介词、代词、情态动词、连词的用法(情冠连介代)。
①冠词:
考查定冠词和不定冠词,备考方法:
准确判断语境是特指还是非特指。
②介词:
考查搭配及具体语境的用法,备考方法:
熟练掌握固定搭配以及本身用法。
③代词:
考查人称物主代词、不定代词、指示代词、反身代词,备考方法:
注意判断句子结构(尤其是所缺成分)以及语境的呼应。
④情态动词:
考查各个情态动词的用法,备考方法:
注意观察语境中暗含的情感和态度。
⑤连词:
考查并列连词和从属连词的用法,备考方法:
判断上下句之间的逻辑关系或熟练判断各种复合句结构,掌握连词的特定用法。
【例题精讲】
语法新题型外刊改编系列03
NewScientist(新科学家)--Ourfailuretokick...
MajaRosengaveupflyingadecadeagooutofconcernforitsenvironmentalimpact.
(1)__________whenshebecameamotherandstarted hangingoutwith otherparents,shedidn’t bringitup,even
(2)__________theconversationturnedtoflying.Itwouldhave spoiled themood.
TheninApril2018,herhomecountryofSwedenintroducedataxonaviation.Theclimateimpactsofflyingwereontheeveningnewsandthemoodchanged.Rosen seized themoment.WithherneighbourLottaHammar,shelaunchedacampaigncalled“Westayontheground”,(3)__________hepersuaded10,000peopletocommit toavoidflightsin2019.
Kudos.Buthere’sthe hardtruth:
inthegrandschemeofthings,barely(4)__________will followsuit.Thechatteringclassestendtohavealottosayabouttheeco merits (优点)of avoiding meat,cyclingand