备战届高考英语阅读之记叙文四.docx
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备战届高考英语阅读之记叙文四
备战2021高考英语阅读之记叙文(四)
(A)
Withtheworld’sattentiononvaccines(疫苗),nowfeelslikeagoodmomenttosingthepraisesofanoftenforgottencontributiontotheirdevelopment.Threehundredyearsagothismonth,LadyMaryWortleyMontagugotherdaughterinoculated(接种)againstsmallpox,makingherchildthefirstpersonintheWesttobeprotectedinthisway.WithoutMontagu’swillingnesstoadoptapracticeshehadlearnedfromothercultures,theintroductionofvaccinesaround80yearslaterwouldneverhavetakenplace.
MontagufirstwitnessedinoculationwhensheaccompaniedherhusbandtoTurkeyin1717.InoculationhadstartedinAsia,probablyinChina,asearlyasthe10thcenturyAD.MontaguobservedhowolderwomeninTurkeytookatinyamountofpus(脓)fromapersonwithsmallpox.Theythenusedneedlestomakecutsonpeople’swristsandanklesandaddedthepustotheirbloodstream.Thishelpedpeoplegainimmunityfromfutureinfection.
Likeothervisitorstothecountry,MontagutookstepstoensurethathersonwasinoculatedinTurkey.Thisworkedwell,butsheknewthattryingitinEnglandwouldbefarmorechallenging.Inoculationperformedbyunlicensedamateurswouldthreatendoctors’professionalstandingandpotentiallyrobthemofvaluableincome.Churchmenalsodisagreewiththepractice,astheysawitasgoingagainstnature.
BackinEngland,Montaguobservedtheincreasedseverityofsmallpoxinfections.Eventually,inApril1721,shedecidedtousetheTurkishpracticetohaveherdaughterinoculated,becauseshebelievedthattherewardswouldoutweightherisks.Afterasafetimehadpassedfollowingtheinoculation,Montagualloweddoctorstoexamineherdaughter.
DoctorsinBritaingraduallyacceptedthepractice.Aboutsoyearslater,apioneeringphysicianfoundsmallpoxvaccinestodestroysmallpoxcompletely.Asearlyaslastcentury,academicsarguedthatMontaguwasnomorethananenthusiasticamateur.Intruth,shemadeavitalscientificcontributiontowardsfindingthecureforsmallpox.
1.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?
A.Theoriginofsmallpoxinoculation.
B.Montagu’sfirstaccesstoinoculation.
C.Thebenefitsfromsmallpoxinoculation.
D.Turkishwomen’sinventionofinoculation.
2.MontagufounditdifficulttotryinoculationinEnglandbecause________.
A.itwasagainsthumannature
B.itmightharmdoctors’interests
C.itwasbeyonddoctors’abilities
D.itmightshakechurchmen’sbelief
3.WhatleddoctorsinBritaintoacceptinoculation?
A.Theincreasedseverityofsmallpoxinfections.
B.Aphysician’sdiscoveryofsmallpoxvaccines.
C.TheresultofMontagu’sdaughter’sinoculation.
D.Montagu’sfocusonitsrewardsratherthanitsrisks.
4.Whatmightbethebesttitleofthetest?
A.AnunsungheroB.Nolimittocreation
C.DevelopmentofvaccinesD.Ahistoricmedicalinnovation
(B)
RacingisnothingnewforSebastianRosado.Hewasbornwithcerebralpalsy(脑瘫),whichaffectsaperson'sabilitytomove.Thoughmostofhislifehasbeenlimitedtoawheel-chair,hehasdoneatleastoneraceayearsince2011.
Itwasaboutadecadeagothathismother,Jaime,wastrainingforaraceinPuertoRico,andSebastianaskedifhecouldaccompanyher.She'dhavetopushhiminthewheelchairbecausehisarmfunctionsarelimited,andshewasokaywiththat.However,theracewouldn'tallowit.Then,Sebastian'sfamilydecidedtomakeaspecialraceforchildrenlikeSebastian.Theracegivesthemachancetoprovethatdespitebeingtoldfromayoungagethattheymightnotbeabletodosomethingsintheirlives,theycanalsobecomewhattheywishtobeinlife.
Sebastianhasruniteveryyearusingaspecialwalker.Eachyear,hetriestooutdohispreviousgoal.Insteadofjust5kmin2020,hewantedtoattempttorun21kmover30days.Sebastian'splanistocompletethedistancebyMay9,accountingforcompleting1km,atmost,inaday.
Sebastianusedtotraininatrackandfieldfacilityclosetohome,andit'samazingtohearrunnerstellinghimthingslike,"Wow,sometimesIdon'thavethestrengthtotrainbutwhenIseeyoudoingthis,IfeelthatIhavenoexcuse,"62swimmersarejoiningSebastian'schallengethismonthbyswimming800meterseachone.
Sebastianhasasayingthatyourdisabilityisnotinyourbody,butinyourmind.It'sreallypowerful.Ifyoupromiseyourselfyou'lldosomething,youcanachieveitbyusingyourmind.
1.WhatistheRosados'purposeofsettingupaspecialrace?
A.Tocollectmoneyformedicalresearch.
B.TorealizeSebastian'swishtoruninaformalrace.
C.Toencouragedisabledchildrentomakeadifference.
D.ToallowSebastiantoaccompanyhismotherinraces.
2.HowdoesSebastianrunthespecialrace?
A.Hismotherpusheshim.
B.Herunsinawheelchair.
C.Hefinishes21kminonego.
D.Herunswithspecialequipment.
3.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeSebastian?
A.Humourous.B.Inspiring.C.Helpful.D.Talented.
4.WhatdoesSebastianthinkofdisability?
A.Thereisnodisabilityatall.
B.Mindcancureanydisability.
C.Realdisabilityexistsmentally.
D.Thedisabilityisverypowerful.
(C)
Norwood,ajuniorHighSchoolstudent,wasdrivingthreefriendshomeinSt.Petersburg,whenanotherdrivercrashedintoherfromherleftandmadehercarhitthetree.Theimpactjammedshutthedriver’ssidedoor,soNorwoodclimbedoutthefrontwindow.Twoofherfriendsmanagedtogetoutofthecarunharmed,buther16-year-oldfriendZarriadidn’t.SherunbacktothecaronlytofindZarriawasjustsittingtherereactionless.
Alotofpeoplestartedtogatheraroundtoseewhatwashappening.Norwoodstartedyelling,“Backup,backup,sheneedsspace.”NorwoodpulledZarriaoutofthebackseat,avoidingbrokenglassfromthewindow.“That’swhenIcheckedherpulseonherneck.Iputmyheadagainstherchest,andIdidn’treallyhearnothing.Sothat’swhenIjuststarteddoingCPRonher.”Norwoodtoldthereporter.Afterthe30compressionsandtworescuebreaths,Zarriaregainedconsciousness.Ambulancequicklyarrivedandrushedhertothehospitaltoreceivemedicalhelp.
WhenMiller,Norwood’shighschoolteacher,learnedthatNorwoodsavedafriendjustonedayaftercompletingCPRtraining,shewasatalossofwordsandsoproud.Norwoodparticipatesintheschool’sAthleticLifestyleManagementAcademy(ALMA).Theprogrampreparesstudentsforvariouscareersinhealthscience.“Wedovitalsignsandtheylearnhowtotakebloodpressureandcheckpulse.”Millerintroduced.AndanotheroneoftheskillslearnedisCPR.“Therearetwocomponents,ahands-onskillscomponentwheretheyhavetodemonstratethatthey’reabletodoCPRwell,andthenthere’sawrittentestcomponent,showingthattheyrememberthatknowledge.”
ThankstoNorwood’squickthinking,Zarriaisrecoveringwell.Shealsoisn’tsurprisedbyherfriend’sactions.“Shewillalwayshelpanywayshecan,soIwasn’treallyshockedaboutthat.”
1.WhathappenedtoNorwoodandherfriendsontheirwayhome?
A.Theylosttheirway.
B.Theysufferedacaraccident.
C.Theycrashedintoanothercar.
D.Theywerestuckinatrafficjam.
2.WhatdidNorwooddofirstwhenfindingZarriareactionless?
A.Togiveherfirstaid.
B.Toaskpeopleforhelp.
C.Tocallambulanceatonce.
D.Tosendhertohospitalimmediately.
3.WhatcanweinferabouttheALMA?
A.Itnormallylastsforoneday.
B.Itisformedicalstudentsonly.
C.Itfocusesonboththeoryandpractice.
D.Ittrainsstudentstoliveahealthylifestyle.
4.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeNorwood?
A.Considerateandflexible.B.Kindandambitious.
C.Hardworkingandclever.D.Braveandcalm.
(D)
Whatcomestomindwhenyouthinkofkungfu?
IfyourmindisfilledwithimagesofShaolinmonks,BruceLee,orKungFuPanda,youwouldn'tbewrong.ButforLaurenceJ.Brahm,anAmericandocumentaryfilmmaker,thefirstthingthatspringstomindistheconceptofnon-violence.
AsBrahmexplained,ifyoubreakdownthecharacter"wu"itconsistsoftwocharacters:
oneis"ge"meaningdagger-axe;theotheris"zhi"meaningtostop.So,themeaningofmartialartsinChineseisnottheartoffighting,aconceptthatmanypeopletakeforgranted.Onthecontrary,hesaid,kungfuistheartofstoppingfighting.
Brahm'srelationshipwithkungfudatesbacktothe1970swhenhewasakaratestudentinHawaii."Mymasteralwaystoldmethatifyouwanttofullyunderstandkarate,youhavetogotoShaolininChina.That'swheretheoriginis,"Brahmsaid.In1981,hemanagedtovisittheShaolinTemple,situatedatthefootoftheSongshanMountaininCentralChina,fortheveryfirsttime.Heleftthemountain,alittledisappointedatnotfindingthemartial-artsspiritheexpected.Buthispassionforkungfuandhisdesiretofindoutmorewerestrongerthaneverbefore.
Overtheyearshetrainedinmanydifferentstyles
suchastaichi,WingChun,JeetKuneDotounderstandallofthem."Martialartscanhelpusconnectourbody,connectourneuralsystem,connectourbloodflow,andalsohelpconnectusintoourenvironmenttoincreaseourawareness.Martialartsismovingmeditation(冥想),"Brahmsaid,hiseyesbrightandintense.
Buttohim,kungfu'scharmandvaluesarefarmorethanthat.Hecombinedtheknowledgefrommanymastersandscholarswithhisownexperienceasapractitionerandtutortoextract12keyprinciplesandvaluesofthemartialarts:
perseverance,roots,loyalty,respect,harmony,change,balance,centering,emptiness,flow,pragmatism,non-violence.
"Kungfu,inmyeves,isamirrorofChineseculture.”Brahmsaid“Thetraditionalvaluesofkungfu,actually,areinthemindsofallChinesepeople.”
1.What