EmilyDickinson诗歌赏析.docx

EmilyDickinson诗歌赏析.docx

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EmilyDickinson诗歌赏析

I’mNobody!

我是无名之辈

－EmilyDickinson

I’mnobody!

Whoareyou?

我是无名之辈！

你是谁？

Areyounobody,too?

你也是无名之辈吗？

Thenthere’sapairofus----don’ttell!

那么我们就是一对儿了！

千万不要透露出去

They’dbanishus,youknow!

不然我们都会被他们驱逐，你知道。

Howdrearytobesomebody!

做一个某某，是多么沉闷无聊

Howpublic,likeafrog

众人像是青蛙

Totellyournamethelivelongday

整日地把你谈论啊

Toanadmiringbog!

对着他们倾慕的泥沼

我是无名之辈

艾米莉·狄金森

我是无名之辈，你是谁？

你，也是，无名之辈？

这就凑成一双，别声张！

你知道，他们会大肆张扬！

做个，显要人物，好不无聊！

像个青蛙，向仰慕的泥沼——

在整个六月，把个人的姓名

聒噪——何等招摇！

ThispoemisDickinson’smostfamousandmostdefenseofthekindofspiritualprivacyshefavored,implyingthattobeaNobodyisaluxuryincomprehensibletoadrearysomebody—fortheyaretoobusykeepingtheirnamesincirculation.Buttobesomebodyisnotasfancyasitseemstobe.

EmilyDickinson

Asyouprobablynoticedwhenyoureadthispoem,noneofthethemesthatIdiscussedintheOverviewofDickinsonappliestothispoem.MylistwasnotmeanttocovereverytopicDickinsonwroteon,nordoeseverypoemshewrotefitneatlyintoacategory.

Dickinsonadoptsthepersonaofachildwhoisopen,naive,andinnocent.However,arethequestionsaskedandthefinalstatementmadebythispoemnaive?

Iftheyarenot,thenthepoemisbecauseofthediscrepancybetweenthepersona'sunderstandingandviewandthoseofDickinsonandthereader.Undertheguiseofthechild'sacceptingsociety'svalues,isDickinsonreallyrejectingthosevalues?

IsDickinsonsuggestingthatthetruesomebodyisreallythe"nobody"?

Thechild-speakerwelcomesthepersonwhohonestlyidentifiesherselfandwhohasatrueidentity.Thesequalitiesmakethatperson"nobody"insociety'seyes.Tobe"somebody"istohavestatusinsociety;society,themajority,excludesorrejectsthosewholackstatusorare"nobody"--thatis,"they'dbanishus"forbeingnobody.

Instanza2,thechild-speakerrejectstheroleof"somebody"（"Howdreary"）.Thefrogcomparisondepicts"somebody"asself-importantandconstantlyself-promoting.Shealsoshowsthefalsevaluesofasociety（the"admiringbog"）whichapprovesthefrog-somebody.Doestheword"bog"（itmeanswet,spongyground）havepositiveornegative?

Whatqualitiesareassociatedwiththesoundsafrogmakes（croaking）?

Isthereinthispoem?

Somereaders,whoaremodestandself-effacingorwholackconfidence,feelvalidatedbythispoem.Why?

ToMakeaPrairie…

　　Tomakeaprairie

　　Ittakesacloverandonebee,

　　Onecloverandabee,

　　Andrevery.

　　Reveryalonewilldo,

　　Ifbeesarefew.

去造一个草原

　　　　张祈试译

　　去造一个草原

　　需要一株三叶草和一只蜜蜂，

　　一株三叶草和一只蜜蜂，

　　还有梦。

　　如果蜜蜂不多，

　　单靠梦也行。

Dickinson'stinypoemmakesahugestatementaboutthenatureofmusing,day-dreaming,orassheputsit,"revery."

Analysis

ThislittlepoemexpressesDickinson’scontinuingloveaffairwiththespirituallevelofbeing.Shebeginsbyclaimingthattomakeaphysicallylargeitem,“aprairie,”alloneneedsistwosmallphysicalitems,“acloverandonebee.”

Thenshequalifiesthatbysaying,“Oneclover,andabee/Andrevery”;thenshequalifiesthatclaimfurther,bysayingifyoudon’thaveoneofthosephysicalcomponents,“bees,”（andbyimplication,thecloveraswell）,thenyoucanstillmaketheprairiebyreveryalone.

“Revery”meansdream,thought,extendedconcentrationonanysubject,orevenday-dreamingwhereinthemindisallowedtoroamfreeoverthelandscapeofunlimitedexpansion,buttothespeakerinthispoem,“revery”ismorelikemeditationwhichresultsinatruevision.

Thespeaker’spowerofreverydemonstratesanadvancedachievement,farbeyondordinaryday-dreamingorcogitation.Ultimately,thisspeakerisclaimingthatwithoutanyphysicalobjectsatall,themindofoneadvancedintheartofreverycanproduceanyobjectthatminddesires.

SuccessIsCountedSweetest成功的含义

Successiscountedsweetest从未成功的人们

Bythosewhone'ersucceed.最懂得成功的甜美.

Tocomprehendanectar惟有极度的渴求

Requiressorestneed.方能体会甘露的滋味.

Notoneofallthepurplehost身穿紫服的王者之师 

Whotooktheflagtoday今日虽高扬凯旗,

Cantellthedefinition,却无一人能把胜利的含义

Soclear,ofvictory,说清道明.

Ashe,defeated,dying,战败者奄奄一息, 

Onwhoseforbiddenear凯乐在远处奏响,

Thedistantstrainsoftriumph冲破阻隔,飞到他的耳际

Break,agonizedandclear.悲痛而嘹亮.

AcommonideainDickinson'spoemsisthatnothavingincreasesourappreciationorenjoymentofwhatwelack;thepersonwholacksordoesnothaveunderstandswhateverislackingbetterthanthepersonwhopossessesit.Inthispoem,theloserknowsthemeaning'"definition"ofvictorybetterthanthewinners.Theimplicationisthathehas"won"thisknowledgebypayingsohighaprice,withtheanguishofdefeatandwithhisdeath.

Instanzaone,sherepeatsthessoundand,toalesserdegree,n.Whydoessheusethisalliteration?

i.e.,arethewordssignificant?

"Sorest"isusedwiththeoldermeaningofgreatest,butcanitalsohavethemorecommonmeaning?

Whataretheassociationsof"nectar"--good,bad,indifferent?

Does"nectar"pickupanywordinthefirstline?

Instanzatwo,"purple"connotesroyalty;therobesofkingsandemperorsweredyedpurple.Itisalsothecolorofblood.Aretheseconnotationsappropriatetothepoem?

Inabattle,whatdoesaflagrepresent?

Whyisvictorydescribedintermsoftakingthelosingside'sflag?

Instanzathree,whatwordsareconnectedbydsoundsandbyssounds?

Isthereanyreasonforconnectingoremphasizingthesewords?

Dickinsoniscompressinglanguageandomittingconnectionsinthelastthreelines.Thedyingman'searsarenotforbidden;rather,thesoundsoftriumphareforbiddentohimbecausehissidelostthebattle.Thetriumphantsoundsthathehearsarenotagonized,thoughtheyarecleartohim;rather,heisagonizedathearingtheclearsoundsoftriumphoftheotherside.Theyare"distant"literallyinbeingfaroffandmetaphoricallyinnotbeingpartofhisexperience;defeatistheoppositeofor"distant"fromvictory.

Successiscountedsweetest..."

Summary

Thespeakersaysthat"thosewhone'ersucceed"placethehighestvalueonsuccess.（They"count"it"sweetest".）Tounderstandthevalueofanectar,thespeakersays,onemustfeel"sorestneed."Shesaysthatthemembersofthevictoriousarmy（"thepurpleHost/Whotooktheflagtoday"）arenotabletodefinevictoryaswellasthedefeated,dyingmanwhohearsfromadistancethemusicofthevictors.

Thethreestanzasofthispoemtaketheformofiambictrimeter--withtheexceptionofthefirsttwolinesofthesecondstanza,whichaddafourthstressattheendoftheline.（VirtuallyallofDickinson'spoemsarewritteninaniambicmeterthatfluctuatesfluidlybetweenthreeandfourstresses.）AsinmostofDickinson'spoems,thestanzashererhymeaccordingtoanABCBscheme,sothatthesecondandfourthlinesineachstanzaconstitutethestanza'sonlyrhyme.

Commentary

ManyofEmilyDickinson'smostfamouslyricstaketheformofhomilies,orshortmoralsayings,whichappearquitesimplebutthatactuallydescribecomplicatedmoralandpsychologicaltruths."Successiscountedsweetest"issuchapoem;itsfirsttwolinesexpressitshomileticpoint,that"Successiscountedsweetest/Bythosewhone'ersucceed"（or,moregenerally,thatpeopletendtodesirethingsmoreacutelywhentheydonothavethem）.Thesubsequentlinesthendevelopthataxiomatictruthbyofferingapairofimagesthatexemplifyit:

thenectar--asymboloftriumph,luxury,"success"--canbestbecomprehendedbysomeonewho"needs"it;thedefeated,dyingmanunderstandsvictorymoreclearlythanthevictoriousarmydoes.ThepoemexhibitsDickinson'skeenawarenessofthecomplicatedtruthsofhumandesire（inalaterpoemonasimilartheme,shewrotethat"Hunger--wasaway/OfPersonsoutsideWindows--/TheEntering--takesaway--"）,anditshowsthebeginningsofherterse,compactedstyle,wherebycomplicatedmeaningsarecompressedintoextremelyshortphrases（e.g.,"Onwhoseforbiddenear"）.

Themeof Success Is Counted Sweetest "Success Is Counted Sweetest"byEmilyDickinsonbasicallysendsthemessagethat success,likeanyotherpossessiontangibleorintangible, is onlyappreciatedbythosewhomit is notalwaysreadilyavailable.

Thethemeofthepoem is thatonlythosewhohavenotbeensuccessfulthinkthat success is soimportant.Theloser is theonewhocontinuestocrave success asthewinnerfadesintoaneutralstateofemotion.

Dickinsonclearlystatesthismessageandimpliesitthroughoutthepoem,andusesrhyme,imagery,andironytoincorporatethethemethattheonewhothirstfor success is theonewhoneversucceeds.

Therhythmicpatternmakesthepoemflowtogether,usingtherhymeschemeABCBintheshort,threestanzas,likeasong.Thistypicalrhymingschemegivesalightaffecttothepoem;creatingthefeelingofsimplenessandachievingthefeelingthatthemessage is notburieddeepinthepoem'slinesand is easytocomprehend.

Inthefirststanza,thespeakerdeclaresthatit is onlythosewho“ne’ersucceed”whohavethenotionthat success is thebestthing.“Anectar”metaphoricallyrepresentsthethingthat is desired.Nectar is anythingthat is sweet.

Emilyalsousesimagrytodevelophermessage.Inthesecondstanza,thespeakerdramatizesafieldvictory,sayingthatthewinnerscannotclearlystateadefinitionofvictory.Thestanzapaintsapictureofthevictorinthewar,butthevictordoesnotunderstandtothefullextentwhathisvictory is,andjustcountsitasvictory.Inthethirdstanza,thedefeated,however, is in'agony'andknowshowpowerful success is andwhataffectithas.

Dickinsonalsoimpliesironyinthethirdstanzaassheimpliesthatthedefeated is theonethatac