高考英语短文语法填空解题技巧.docx
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高考英语短文语法填空解题技巧
高考英语短文语法填空解题技巧
短文语法填空口诀
动词形、名词数,代词格、级形副,
分析句子结构路,习惯用法要记住,
逻辑关系连词突,介词、冠词各占一空。
高考英语短文语法填空主要有两种形式的空:
用所给词(v、n、pron、adj、adv)的正确形式填空;无提示词填空(prep、conj、art)。
说白了,高考就考四道题:
第一道题:
动词变形题是指括号中给出了一个动词,需要对该动词进行形式变化才能符合句子要求的设题类型。
此类设题主要有两个角度,其中的一个角度就是考查动词的自身变化【动词的谓语形式(时语态变化,甚至虚拟语气的变化)及非谓语形式(动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词】;另一个角度是考查动词与名词、形容词、副词的相互变化【构词法知识】;
第二道题:
名词或代词变形题名词变形题指的是对所给名词进行自身变化(名词的单数变复数、名词变成所有格)或者相互变化(名词变形容词、名词变动词、名词变副词)【构词法知识】;代词变形题主要考查代词的格(主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词和反身代词的相互变化,甚至个别不定代词之间的变化:
如:
many变成much,both变成neither,other变成another,some变any,all变none,few变little);
第三道题:
形容词或副词变形题形容词或副词变形题主要考查它们的自身变化(级的变化:
原级、比较级、最高级)或者相互变化(形容词变副词、形容词变成动词、形容词变成名词、副词变成形容词)【构词法知识】;
第四道题:
无提示词填空题无提示填空题是一种在不给提示词的前提下,要求根据句意、句法或句子间逻辑关系而填空的设题。
这里要填的主要是介词、连词、冠词、代词it、关系代词/副词。
由于不给提示词,实际上加大了解题的难度。
解答此类题目(特别是要填的是连词)时,首先要从句意上去考虑,看看句意是否通顺连贯。
然后从句子结构上去考虑,看看所填句子是简单句还是复合句,如果是复合句,就要考虑从句连接词的选择。
最后从句子间的逻辑上考虑,选择适合句子间逻辑关系的词进行填充。
比如因果关系要考虑so,because等;转折关系要考虑but,though;并列关系要考虑and。
如果是缺关系代词/关系副词,则要根据定语从句的句子成分来定夺。
而要填的是介词时,一定要关注空格前的动词是不是vi,是vi要考虑其搭配,更要考虑空格后的词/短语的含义,选择用合适的介词。
冠词一般出现在名词或名词短语前,特别是单数可数名词前要考虑a/an。
另外要注意习惯用法。
一、高考语法短文填空题的解题步骤:
1.读首段首句,预猜文章大意;(若猜不出文章大意,就快速浏览全文)
2.边读边认边填;(看要填的空有无提示词,有,是哪些词?
用以上的方法去套用)
3.重读以检查核对。
动词形(谓语形式和非谓语形式)
短文词形填空自身变化名词数(名词变复数和所有格)
代词格(代词主格、宾格、形容词性
语法主代词、名词性物主代词、反身代词)
级形副(形容词、副词的三级互变)
填空相互变化(构词法知识,n
v.
adj
adv.)
无提示词填空(介词、连词、冠词、代词)
下面我们以
2020年1月浙江省英语第一次高考试卷
为例,讲解如何做题:
阅读下面材料,在空白处填人适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式,
Somethingsignificantishappeningtotheworldpopulation-itisaging.Themedian(中位数的)ageofanAmericanin195056_______(be)30-todayitis41andisexpected57_______(increase)to42by2050.ForJapan,the58_______(number)aremorestriking22in1950,46todayand53in2050.In2015,onein12peoplearoundtheworldwereover65;by2050,itwillbeoneinsix.
Thisagingofthepopulationisdriven59_______twofactors.Thefirstisdecliningbirthrates:
whichmeansoldgenerationsareLarge60_______(compare)toyoungergenerations,andso,onaverage,thepopulationbecomes_______(old)thanbefore.Thisis62_______(particular)trueintheUS.Thesecondreasonisthatpeoplearelivinglonger.AchildbornintheUStodayhas63_______veryrealisticchanceoflivingbeyond100andneedstoplanaccordingly.
Peopletendtofocusonthefirstfactor.However,greaterattentionshould64_______(place)onlongevity(长寿).Itisn'tjustthatpeopleare,onaverage,livinglonger.It’salsothattheyareonaveragehealthier65_______moreproductiveforlonger.Therefore,theycanworkforlonger,consumemoreandingeneralbeboosttotheeconomy.
解答分析:
这篇短文语法填空题,首先读首段首句,预猜文章大意:
我们读第一句就知道它是介绍“世界人口老化的问题”的。
然后边读边认边填
56空是个动词be,分析句子结构我们知道be在这个句子作谓语,而时间是in1950,主语是单数名词,所以填was;
57空也是动词,分析句子结构我们知道它作谓语动词expected宾语,所以用非谓语动词---不定式toincrease;
58空是个名词且在句中作主语,根据后面的谓语are,这就考查了名词的复数,答案是numbers;
59空是无提示词,先分析句意“人口老龄化是由两个因素导致的。
”由此得出介词“由”,再分析句子结构,它包含在一个简单句里,前有谓语动词isdriven(被动语态),后有名词短语twofactors,所以答案显然是by;
60空还是个动词,它在非限制性定语从句中作状语(非谓语动词),何况comparedto是固定搭配,故答案是compared;
61空是形容词,形容词考查“级”,且有标志词than,故答案是older;
62空也是形容词,这里没有“级”的意味,应该是相互变化(形容词变成副词),的确它在句中修饰形容词作状语,故用副词particularly;
63空又是无提示词,根据句意和结构,应该填个冠词a,因为是泛指一个;64空仍是个动词,它在句中作谓语,句子主语greaterattention和place之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态,前面有should,故答案是beplaced;
65空是无提示词,猜都要猜到是连词了,何况根据句意“而且他们平均来说更健康,生产效率更高。
”可知前后词是并列关系,所以用and连接。
强化训练:
语法填空(共80小题;每小题1.5分,满分120分)
A
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Youseethemeverywhere:
peoplewalkingwiththeirattention1(concentrate)ontheirsmartphone(智能手机)screensonbusystreets.ButwalkingandtextingcanbedangerousandcitiesintheUnitedStatesandEuropehavestepped2theireffortstodealwithit.
InHonolulu,usingthephoneswhilecrossingthestreetisforbidden.Ithaspassedalawthatsays“Nopedestrian(行人)shallcrossastreetorhighwaywhileviewingamobileelectronicdevice.Inotherwords,donotlookatascreenwhenyoucrossthestreet3youcouldbefined.HonoluluisthefirstmajorU.S.city4(forbid)whatiscalled“distractedwalking”.
People5textwhilewalkingarenearlyfourtimesaslikelytohaveatleastonedangerousaction.Alotofpeopledoit6theyknowitisdangerous.Theytellthemselvesthatitisimportant.
Usingphoneswhilewalkingmayleadtoinjuriesanddeaths,butitseemstobeaglobalproblem.Pedestriandeaths7(increase)astheuseofcellphonesrisesinthepast5years,anditisexpectedthatthetendencywillcontinue.
Othercitieshavecomeupwithcreativewaystohelpprotectthoseusingcellphoneswhilewalking.AsmalltownnearAmsterdamhassetupspecialcrosswalkswithflashinglightsontheground.Whenthetrafficlightsturnredorgreen,8dothelightsontheground,remindingpedestrianswhenit’ssafetocross.InatownofGermany,similarlightswereusedafterateenagerusinghersmartphonewashitandseriously9(injure).
IfyoustillwanttotextwhilewalkingyoucouldavoidbeingfinedinHonolulu10usingvoice-controlleddigitalassistant(数字助手)likeSiriorGoogleAssistant.Oryoucouldjustwaituntilyouareagain,safely,offthestreet.
B
DecoratingwithPlants,FruitsandFlowersforChineseNewYear
ChineseNewYearisa11(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers12(carry)specialsignificance.Theyrepresenttheearth13(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.
Thesearesomeofthemostpopularinmanypartsofthecountry:
Oranges:
Orangetreesaremore14decoration;theyareasymbolofgoodfortuneandwealth.Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes15(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.
Bamboo:
Chineselovetheir"LuckyBamboo"plantsandyouwillseethemoftenintheirhomesandoffices16(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.Bambooplantsareassociated17health,abundance(充裕)andahappyhome.Theyareeasy18(care)forandmakegreatpresents.
BranchesofPlumblossoms(梅花):
The19(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.Theplumtreesare20firsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化).Theyrepresentthepromiseofspringandarenewaloflife.
C
Chinahasbecomethefirstcountrytolandaspacecraft(宇宙飞船)onthefarsideofthemoon.TheunmannedChang’e-4probe(探测器)-thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess21(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.Landingonthemoon’sfarsideis22(extreme)challenging.Becausethemoon’sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot23itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular24(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(环形山),moreso25thefamiliarnearside.ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-426(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin."Thisreallyexcitesscientists,"CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,"becauseit27(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon28(construct)"Dataaboutthemoon’scomposition,suchashow29iceandothertreasuresitcontains,couldhelpChinadecidewhether30(it)plansforafuturelunar(月球的)basearepractical.
D
InancientChinalivedanartist,31paintingswerealmostlifelike.Theartist’sreputationhadmadehimproud.Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(画像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststocomeandpresenttheir32(fine)work,sothathecouldchoosethebest.Theartistwassurehewould33(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiece(杰作)totheemperor’schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.ThewiseoldmantoldhimtotraveltotheLiRiver~perhapshecouldlearnalittlefromthegreatestartistintheworld.
Filledwith34(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.35heaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(传奇的)artist,theysmiledand36(point)downtheriver.Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout37(find)thewell-knownpainter.Asthesmallboatmoved,38(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.Hepassedmilkywhitewaterfallsandmountainsinmanyshadesofblue.Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds.39(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.Theartistwasfinallyhumbled(谦卑)bythegreatestartist40earth,MotherNature.
E
Onourwaytothehouse,itwasraining41hardthatwecouldn’thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake42(get)there.ItwasinthemiddleofPearlCity.
Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapack43dogs,seventobeexact.Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters44hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesand45(recommend)wonderfulplacestoeat,shop,andvisit.Forbreakfast,wewereabletoeatpapaya(木瓜)andotherfruitsfromtheirtreesinthebackyard.
Whentheywerefreefromwork,theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting46(compete)towatch,togetherwiththestorybehindit.Theyalsosharedwithusmany47(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwere48(huge)popularwithtourists.Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,we49(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,50(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.
F
Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(识别)thoseof50(great)andlessimportance.Then,handlethemostimportanttask