Subject and verb agreement主谓一致.docx

Subject and verb agreement主谓一致.docx

《Subject and verb agreement主谓一致.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《Subject and verb agreement主谓一致.docx（10页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

Subjectandverbagreement主谓一致

Sunday,February27,2011at8PMET/5PMPTonABC

Hostedby:

JamesFranco

and

AnneHathaway

TheOscarshonoroutstandingworkinthefilmindustry,andarepresentedbytheAcademyofMotionPictureArtsandSciences.TheceremonythisyeartookplaceattheKodakTheaterinHollywood.

SubjectandVerbAgreement主谓一致（基本规则）

主语和谓语在“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系,通常依据三个原则:

语法一致,意义一致,就近一致。

具体规则有：

1.由and连接的两个n./pron.作主语时,接复数谓语.

但

（1）and表“兼”时（实为一人）,接单v.Theteacherandwriterissittinginthefront.

（2）every/each/no/manya+n.+and+every/each/no/manya+n.,接单v.

2.each/every+n./somebody/nothing/everything/anyone+单v

3.主语后接“with…/togetherwith…/alongwith…/aswellas…/but…/except…/besides…/including…/like…/ratherthan…/morethan…/asmuchas…/nolessthan…”时,谓语与主语中心词一致.

4.永是复数的名词people/police/cattle,接复v.

5.集体名词,看作一个单位/组织/整体时,接单v.;指成员们时,接复v.（如family/class/group/team/government/enemy）

population指“人口数”这一整体时，接单谓；指人口成员情况时，接复谓。

6.the+adj.表一类人时,接复v;表一类事时,接单v.

基数词作主语，单纯表数字时，接单谓；表数量时，接复谓。

Tenbillionisalargenumber./Twenty（ofthem）areboys.

7.表时间/距离/价值的名词短语,常看作整体,接单v.;侧重指若干单位时，接复谓。

但“数+tonof+n.”作主语时，谓语与ton一致。

Twotonsofcoalwerewasted.

8.Therebe/Herebe…句中主语不止一个时,谓语与最近的主语一致---“就近原则”.

neither…nor…,either…or…,notonly…butalso…,not…but…,…or…等连接两个主语时,依“就近原则”确定谓语.

9.以-cs结尾的学科名词,接单v.eg.Mathematicsisveryimportant.

如不指学科,则接复v.eg.Hismathematicsarecorrect.

10.由两部分组成的工具/衣物（如shoes/clothes/glasses/trousers/scissors）,接复v.

但前有pair/suit/kindof修饰时,与pair/suit/kind一致

11.不可数n.接单v.但前有表数量的复数名词（如twopieces/bagsof）时,接复v.

12.单个不定式/动名词/主语从句,接单v.；两个或以上,则接复v.但两并列主语指同一事时，接单v.

13.“百分比/分数+of+名.”作主语时，谓语与名词的含义一致。

such和“what从句”作主语时，根据所指代内容确定谓语。

如Suchiswhathesaid./Sucharehiswords.

WhatIneedismoretime./WhatIneedaremorebooks.

14.manya/morethanone+单n.（“不止一个…”）,接单v.

15.alargequantityof+U.n/C.n+单谓，但largequantitiesof+U.n/C.n+复谓;

alargeamountof+U.n+单谓，但largeamountsof+U.n+复谓

16.加/减/乘/除算式作主语时，接单谓，加、乘算式也可接复谓。

用howmuch提问得数时，谓语用单数；用howmany提问得数时，谓语用复数。

主谓一致专项练习20

1.Everybodyinourhometown,menandwomen,youngandold,____sportsandgames.

A.arefondofB.joinsC.enjoysD.goinfor

2.Whichofyouthat____fondofplayinggameswouldliketohaveagamewithme?

A.hasB.isC.areD.have

3.---Haseveryoneinyourclasspassedthedrivingtest?

---No,____onlyYangBoandIwho____passedit.

A.itwas;hadB.thereis;haveC.itis;haveD.therewere;had

4.TheSmiths’family,which____ratheralargeone,____veryfondoftheiroldhouse.

A.were;wereB.was;wereC.were;wasD.was;was

5.Fatherandson____standingontheroadside.Besidesthem____acartandhorse.

A.was;wereB.was;wasC.were;wasD.were;were

6.Nothissisterbuthistwocousins____toHainan,nevertobeseenagain.

A.hasgoneB.havegoneC.hasbeenD.havebeen

7.NobodybutJohnandTom____stillinthelabasIpassedbylastnight.

A.hadbeenB.wereC.areD.was

8.Thisisoneoftheroomsthat____damagedinthefire.

A.isB.areC.wasD.were

9.---Thetrousers____youwell.

---Butthecolor____me.

A.fit;suitB.fit;doesn’tsuitC.fits;doesn’tsuitD.fit;don’tsuit

10.Eitheryourparentsoryourelderbrother____toattendthemeetingtomorrow.

A.areB.haveC.isD.aregoing

11.Thepoor____alwaysdreaming____becomingrich.

A.are;inB.is;toC.is;ofD.are;of

12.Thiskindofstories____instructivewhilestoriesofthatkind____harmfultochildren.

A.is;seemsB.are;seemC.is;seemD.are;seems

13.Heistheonlyoneofthechildrenwho____illofothersbehindtheirbacks.

A.speaksB.speakC.arespokenD.talks

14.Southeastofthetown____200muofsandywastelandwhich____unsuitableforgrowingcrops.

A.are;areB.is;isC.is;areD.are;is

15.Thepopulationofthecity____notlarge,butonethirdofit____highly-educatedcitizens.

A.is;isB.are;areC.is;areD.are;is

16.Manyastudent____boughtthebook,butonlyafewofthem____readitthrough.

A.have;haveB.has;hasC.have;hasD.has;have

17.Jack,aswellashisfriendswho____footballgames,____traveledwiththeteam.

A.likes;hasB.like;haveC.like;hasD.likes;have

18.Growingaroundthelake____wildflowersofdifferentcolors.

A.isB.areC.wasD.hasbeen

19.Toplaybasketballandtogoswimming____usefulforcharacter-training.

A.hasB.isC.areD.were

20.Largequantitiesofwater____forirrigation.

A.isneededB.hasneededC.areneededD.need

1-5CCCBC6-10BDDBC11-15DCAAC16-20DCBCC

主谓一致

英语的主谓一致就是说主语应与谓语动词保持一致。

它主要包括三方面：

语法一致、意义一致和就近原则的一致。

下面分别介绍。

1．语法一致

（1）主语的人称和数决定谓语的形式，一般来说，不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词作主语，谓语动词用单数；复数名词和复数代词做主语，谓语动词一般用复数，例如：

（略）

（2）以and或both…and…连接的主语，谓语动词用复数，例如：

BothTomandJackarefondofmusic.

Plasticsandrubberneverrot（腐烂）.

（3）若并列主语指“同一个人或事物”，谓语动词用单数，例如：

Theworkerandwriterhascomeherealready.（工人作家）

Thedoctorandnurseisveryhard-workinginhiswork.（医务工作者）

（4）and前后的单数名词有each,every,no等修饰则谓语用单数，例如：

Everyboyandeverygirlenjoysthefilmverymuch.

Nostudentandnoteacherwasallowedtoleavetheschool.

（5）a/an+单数名词+ortwo…谓语动词大多用单数；oneortwo+复数名词时谓语动词大多用复数，例如：

Onlyawordortwois/are（偶然）needed.

Oneortwoboysareenough.

（6）a/an+单数名词+andahalf谓语动词常用单数；oneandahalf+复数名词的结构，谓语动词常用复数，例如：

Amonthandahalfhaspassed.

Oneandahalftonsofgrainhavebeensentthere.

（7）manya或morethanone+单数名词时谓语动词常接单数，例如：

Morethanoneworkerhasbeensentabroad.

Manyaboyhascomehere.

（8）主语后面带有：

with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,but,besides,except,addedto,including,like,ratherthan,morethan等修饰时，谓语动词仍然按前面的主语进行搭配，例如：

Amanwithtwolittleboysiscomingtous.

SheaswellasIisveryhappytomeetthechiefleader.

Itogetherwithyourparentsamgoingtotakepartinthegames.

2．意义一致

（1）不定代词：

someone,somebody,something,anyone,anybody,anything,everyone,everything,everybody,noone,nobody,nothing和one等一般作单数。

（2）不定代词each,one,much,alittle,either,neither,theother作主语或修饰主语时谓语动词用单数，例如：

Eachofthegirls/Eachgirlhasadressfortheparty.

（3）集合名词army,audience,class,club,company,committee,crew,crowd,staff,public,group,party,team等作主语指整体，用单数；指成员，用复数。

例如：

Ourfamilyisahappyone.

ThefamilyarewatchingTVathomenow.

（4）people,police,cattle等通常看作复数，（people作为“民族”的意思及police表示“警察”的职业除外），例如：

Thepolicearebusylookingintothematter.

Policeisadangerousjob.

（5）表示时间、距离、金额、度量衡等名词被看作一个主体，常用单数；但当有时用来侧重于若干单位时也可作为复数。

TenhourshaspassedsinceIcamehere.Twohoursareequalto120minutes.

70dollarsisnotalargesumofmoney.Twodollarsweregiventotheboys.

（6）四则运算中，谓语动词单、复皆可。

Threeandtwois/arefive.

Fourdividedby/minustwois/aretwo.

Threetimesfouris/aretwelve.

（7）代词none（全都不）和neither（两个都不）作主语时谓语动词可根据说话人的意思单数、复数都可以用，例如：

Noneofthemhas/haveanewcar.

（8）分数、百分数通常根据所修饰的名词来决定其单、复数形式，例如：

80%oftheworkhasbeenfinished.

Two-fifthsofthemarefromthecountry.

（9）如果主语中心词是表示“全体、部分、许多、”等的名词。

谓语动词的单复数形式一般使用意义一致或语法一致的原则，例如：

Allareeagertoreachanagreement.

Apartofthestoryisnottrue.

Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.

（10）主语为短语、从句、非谓语动词时，谓语一般使用单数形式，例如：

Intheeveningisbestformetostudy.

“Howdoyoudo?

”isusuallyusedatthefirsttimewhenpeoplemeet.

Growingvegetablesinthesouthneedsconstantwatering.

（11）“The+形容词或过去分词”指一类人时，谓语动词用复数；指个人或抽象名词概念时，谓语动词用单数，例如：

Thegoodarealwayshappy.好人总是快乐的。

Thesickinbedishisfather.躺在床上的那个病人是他的父亲。

Thewoundedhavebeensenttothenearbyhospital.

（12）以-ics结尾的学科名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；但其前面若有物主代词修饰，用于实际时，谓语动词多用复数，例如：

Mathematicsisnotoneofmystrongsubjects.

Hismathematicsareweak.

3．就近原则

（1）在Therebe…句型中，如果主语不止一个，谓语动词通常就近搭配，例如：

Thereisadesk,twochairsandsomebooksintheclassroom.

Therearetwochairs,somebooksandadeskintheclassroom.

（2）由下列连词连接的并列主语：

or,either…or,nor,neither…nor,whether…or,not…but,notonly…butalso等，也使用就近原则。

例如：

Eitheryouorhehasanewbag.

NotyouorIamtoblame.

另外，alarge/greatquantityof,agoodsupplyof接可数名词时，谓语动词用复数；接不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数。

但suppliesof,（large）quantitiesof接复数或不可数名词时谓语动词用复数形式，应特别注意。

（附部分关于主谓一致的练习）

主谓一致专项练习

1.     Allbutone______herejustnow.AllthatIwanttosay_____this.

A.was;wereB.was;isC.were;isD.were;were

2.     Anumberofboys___goneforanouting.Thenumberofboys___increasingyearsbyyear.A.have;hasB.is;haveC.has;haveD.have;is

3.     Eachstudent_______gotadictionary.Thestudentseach_____adictionary.

A.have;hasB.has;haveC.have;haveD.has;has

4.     Myshoes_____wornout.Onepairofshoes______notenough.A.isB.are

5.     NoonebutJane____thesecret.NobodybutMaryandI____intheroomthen.

A.know;wasB.knows;wasC.know;wereD.knows;were

6.     Heisoneoftheboyswho_______neverlateforschool.Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswho____lateforschooltoday.A.isB.areC.was

7.     Whatthey’vedone____usefultous.Whathesaysandwhathedoes____agree.

A.is;notB.is;donotC.are;doesnotD.are;not

8.     Thepopulationoftheearth____increasingfast.Onethirdofthepopulation____workers.A.isB.are

9.     Thiskindofsnakes___veryrare.Thesekindsofmetal___dear.A.isB.are

10. Halfofthevisitors___fromEurope.Halfofthefruit___bad.A.isB.are

11. Everyman-workerandeverywoman-worker_______freemedicalcare.AtChristmaseachboyandeachgirl_____givenapresent.

A.enjoy;isB.enjo