Subject and verb agreement主谓一致.docx
《Subject and verb agreement主谓一致.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《Subject and verb agreement主谓一致.docx(10页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
![Subject and verb agreement主谓一致.docx](https://file1.bdocx.com/fileroot1/2023-2/4/df54add9-f4b9-4784-b169-a193f3041433/df54add9-f4b9-4784-b169-a193f30414331.gif)
Subjectandverbagreement主谓一致
Sunday,February27,2011at8PMET/5PMPTonABC
Hostedby:
JamesFranco
and
AnneHathaway
TheOscarshonoroutstandingworkinthefilmindustry,andarepresentedbytheAcademyofMotionPictureArtsandSciences.TheceremonythisyeartookplaceattheKodakTheaterinHollywood.
SubjectandVerbAgreement主谓一致(基本规则)
主语和谓语在“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系,通常依据三个原则:
语法一致,意义一致,就近一致。
具体规则有:
1.由and连接的两个n./pron.作主语时,接复数谓语.
但
(1)and表“兼”时(实为一人),接单v.Theteacherandwriterissittinginthefront.
(2)every/each/no/manya+n.+and+every/each/no/manya+n.,接单v.
2.each/every+n./somebody/nothing/everything/anyone+单v
3.主语后接“with…/togetherwith…/alongwith…/aswellas…/but…/except…/besides…/including…/like…/ratherthan…/morethan…/asmuchas…/nolessthan…”时,谓语与主语中心词一致.
4.永是复数的名词people/police/cattle,接复v.
5.集体名词,看作一个单位/组织/整体时,接单v.;指成员们时,接复v.(如family/class/group/team/government/enemy)
population指“人口数”这一整体时,接单谓;指人口成员情况时,接复谓。
6.the+adj.表一类人时,接复v;表一类事时,接单v.
基数词作主语,单纯表数字时,接单谓;表数量时,接复谓。
Tenbillionisalargenumber./Twenty(ofthem)areboys.
7.表时间/距离/价值的名词短语,常看作整体,接单v.;侧重指若干单位时,接复谓。
但“数+tonof+n.”作主语时,谓语与ton一致。
Twotonsofcoalwerewasted.
8.Therebe/Herebe…句中主语不止一个时,谓语与最近的主语一致---“就近原则”.
neither…nor…,either…or…,notonly…butalso…,not…but…,…or…等连接两个主语时,依“就近原则”确定谓语.
9.以-cs结尾的学科名词,接单v.eg.Mathematicsisveryimportant.
如不指学科,则接复v.eg.Hismathematicsarecorrect.
10.由两部分组成的工具/衣物(如shoes/clothes/glasses/trousers/scissors),接复v.
但前有pair/suit/kindof修饰时,与pair/suit/kind一致
11.不可数n.接单v.但前有表数量的复数名词(如twopieces/bagsof)时,接复v.
12.单个不定式/动名词/主语从句,接单v.;两个或以上,则接复v.但两并列主语指同一事时,接单v.
13.“百分比/分数+of+名.”作主语时,谓语与名词的含义一致。
such和“what从句”作主语时,根据所指代内容确定谓语。
如Suchiswhathesaid./Sucharehiswords.
WhatIneedismoretime./WhatIneedaremorebooks.
14.manya/morethanone+单n.(“不止一个…”),接单v.
15.alargequantityof+U.n/C.n+单谓,但largequantitiesof+U.n/C.n+复谓;
alargeamountof+U.n+单谓,但largeamountsof+U.n+复谓
16.加/减/乘/除算式作主语时,接单谓,加、乘算式也可接复谓。
用howmuch提问得数时,谓语用单数;用howmany提问得数时,谓语用复数。
主谓一致专项练习20
1.Everybodyinourhometown,menandwomen,youngandold,____sportsandgames.
A.arefondofB.joinsC.enjoysD.goinfor
2.Whichofyouthat____fondofplayinggameswouldliketohaveagamewithme?
A.hasB.isC.areD.have
3.---Haseveryoneinyourclasspassedthedrivingtest?
---No,____onlyYangBoandIwho____passedit.
A.itwas;hadB.thereis;haveC.itis;haveD.therewere;had
4.TheSmiths’family,which____ratheralargeone,____veryfondoftheiroldhouse.
A.were;wereB.was;wereC.were;wasD.was;was
5.Fatherandson____standingontheroadside.Besidesthem____acartandhorse.
A.was;wereB.was;wasC.were;wasD.were;were
6.Nothissisterbuthistwocousins____toHainan,nevertobeseenagain.
A.hasgoneB.havegoneC.hasbeenD.havebeen
7.NobodybutJohnandTom____stillinthelabasIpassedbylastnight.
A.hadbeenB.wereC.areD.was
8.Thisisoneoftheroomsthat____damagedinthefire.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
9.---Thetrousers____youwell.
---Butthecolor____me.
A.fit;suitB.fit;doesn’tsuitC.fits;doesn’tsuitD.fit;don’tsuit
10.Eitheryourparentsoryourelderbrother____toattendthemeetingtomorrow.
A.areB.haveC.isD.aregoing
11.Thepoor____alwaysdreaming____becomingrich.
A.are;inB.is;toC.is;ofD.are;of
12.Thiskindofstories____instructivewhilestoriesofthatkind____harmfultochildren.
A.is;seemsB.are;seemC.is;seemD.are;seems
13.Heistheonlyoneofthechildrenwho____illofothersbehindtheirbacks.
A.speaksB.speakC.arespokenD.talks
14.Southeastofthetown____200muofsandywastelandwhich____unsuitableforgrowingcrops.
A.are;areB.is;isC.is;areD.are;is
15.Thepopulationofthecity____notlarge,butonethirdofit____highly-educatedcitizens.
A.is;isB.are;areC.is;areD.are;is
16.Manyastudent____boughtthebook,butonlyafewofthem____readitthrough.
A.have;haveB.has;hasC.have;hasD.has;have
17.Jack,aswellashisfriendswho____footballgames,____traveledwiththeteam.
A.likes;hasB.like;haveC.like;hasD.likes;have
18.Growingaroundthelake____wildflowersofdifferentcolors.
A.isB.areC.wasD.hasbeen
19.Toplaybasketballandtogoswimming____usefulforcharacter-training.
A.hasB.isC.areD.were
20.Largequantitiesofwater____forirrigation.
A.isneededB.hasneededC.areneededD.need
1-5CCCBC6-10BDDBC11-15DCAAC16-20DCBCC
主谓一致
英语的主谓一致就是说主语应与谓语动词保持一致。
它主要包括三方面:
语法一致、意义一致和就近原则的一致。
下面分别介绍。
1.语法一致
(1)主语的人称和数决定谓语的形式,一般来说,不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词作主语,谓语动词用单数;复数名词和复数代词做主语,谓语动词一般用复数,例如:
(略)
(2)以and或both…and…连接的主语,谓语动词用复数,例如:
BothTomandJackarefondofmusic.
Plasticsandrubberneverrot(腐烂).
(3)若并列主语指“同一个人或事物”,谓语动词用单数,例如:
Theworkerandwriterhascomeherealready.(工人作家)
Thedoctorandnurseisveryhard-workinginhiswork.(医务工作者)
(4)and前后的单数名词有each,every,no等修饰则谓语用单数,例如:
Everyboyandeverygirlenjoysthefilmverymuch.
Nostudentandnoteacherwasallowedtoleavetheschool.
(5)a/an+单数名词+ortwo…谓语动词大多用单数;oneortwo+复数名词时谓语动词大多用复数,例如:
Onlyawordortwois/are(偶然)needed.
Oneortwoboysareenough.
(6)a/an+单数名词+andahalf谓语动词常用单数;oneandahalf+复数名词的结构,谓语动词常用复数,例如:
Amonthandahalfhaspassed.
Oneandahalftonsofgrainhavebeensentthere.
(7)manya或morethanone+单数名词时谓语动词常接单数,例如:
Morethanoneworkerhasbeensentabroad.
Manyaboyhascomehere.
(8)主语后面带有:
with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,but,besides,except,addedto,including,like,ratherthan,morethan等修饰时,谓语动词仍然按前面的主语进行搭配,例如:
Amanwithtwolittleboysiscomingtous.
SheaswellasIisveryhappytomeetthechiefleader.
Itogetherwithyourparentsamgoingtotakepartinthegames.
2.意义一致
(1)不定代词:
someone,somebody,something,anyone,anybody,anything,everyone,everything,everybody,noone,nobody,nothing和one等一般作单数。
(2)不定代词each,one,much,alittle,either,neither,theother作主语或修饰主语时谓语动词用单数,例如:
Eachofthegirls/Eachgirlhasadressfortheparty.
(3)集合名词army,audience,class,club,company,committee,crew,crowd,staff,public,group,party,team等作主语指整体,用单数;指成员,用复数。
例如:
Ourfamilyisahappyone.
ThefamilyarewatchingTVathomenow.
(4)people,police,cattle等通常看作复数,(people作为“民族”的意思及police表示“警察”的职业除外),例如:
Thepolicearebusylookingintothematter.
Policeisadangerousjob.
(5)表示时间、距离、金额、度量衡等名词被看作一个主体,常用单数;但当有时用来侧重于若干单位时也可作为复数。
TenhourshaspassedsinceIcamehere.Twohoursareequalto120minutes.
70dollarsisnotalargesumofmoney.Twodollarsweregiventotheboys.
(6)四则运算中,谓语动词单、复皆可。
Threeandtwois/arefive.
Fourdividedby/minustwois/aretwo.
Threetimesfouris/aretwelve.
(7)代词none(全都不)和neither(两个都不)作主语时谓语动词可根据说话人的意思单数、复数都可以用,例如:
Noneofthemhas/haveanewcar.
(8)分数、百分数通常根据所修饰的名词来决定其单、复数形式,例如:
80%oftheworkhasbeenfinished.
Two-fifthsofthemarefromthecountry.
(9)如果主语中心词是表示“全体、部分、许多、”等的名词。
谓语动词的单复数形式一般使用意义一致或语法一致的原则,例如:
Allareeagertoreachanagreement.
Apartofthestoryisnottrue.
Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.
(10)主语为短语、从句、非谓语动词时,谓语一般使用单数形式,例如:
Intheeveningisbestformetostudy.
“Howdoyoudo?
”isusuallyusedatthefirsttimewhenpeoplemeet.
Growingvegetablesinthesouthneedsconstantwatering.
(11)“The+形容词或过去分词”指一类人时,谓语动词用复数;指个人或抽象名词概念时,谓语动词用单数,例如:
Thegoodarealwayshappy.好人总是快乐的。
Thesickinbedishisfather.躺在床上的那个病人是他的父亲。
Thewoundedhavebeensenttothenearbyhospital.
(12)以-ics结尾的学科名词作主语,谓语动词用单数;但其前面若有物主代词修饰,用于实际时,谓语动词多用复数,例如:
Mathematicsisnotoneofmystrongsubjects.
Hismathematicsareweak.
3.就近原则
(1)在Therebe…句型中,如果主语不止一个,谓语动词通常就近搭配,例如:
Thereisadesk,twochairsandsomebooksintheclassroom.
Therearetwochairs,somebooksandadeskintheclassroom.
(2)由下列连词连接的并列主语:
or,either…or,nor,neither…nor,whether…or,not…but,notonly…butalso等,也使用就近原则。
例如:
Eitheryouorhehasanewbag.
NotyouorIamtoblame.
另外,alarge/greatquantityof,agoodsupplyof接可数名词时,谓语动词用复数;接不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数。
但suppliesof,(large)quantitiesof接复数或不可数名词时谓语动词用复数形式,应特别注意。
(附部分关于主谓一致的练习)
主谓一致专项练习
1. Allbutone______herejustnow.AllthatIwanttosay_____this.
A.was;wereB.was;isC.were;isD.were;were
2. Anumberofboys___goneforanouting.Thenumberofboys___increasingyearsbyyear.A.have;hasB.is;haveC.has;haveD.have;is
3. Eachstudent_______gotadictionary.Thestudentseach_____adictionary.
A.have;hasB.has;haveC.have;haveD.has;has
4. Myshoes_____wornout.Onepairofshoes______notenough.A.isB.are
5. NoonebutJane____thesecret.NobodybutMaryandI____intheroomthen.
A.know;wasB.knows;wasC.know;wereD.knows;were
6. Heisoneoftheboyswho_______neverlateforschool.Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswho____lateforschooltoday.A.isB.areC.was
7. Whatthey’vedone____usefultous.Whathesaysandwhathedoes____agree.
A.is;notB.is;donotC.are;doesnotD.are;not
8. Thepopulationoftheearth____increasingfast.Onethirdofthepopulation____workers.A.isB.are
9. Thiskindofsnakes___veryrare.Thesekindsofmetal___dear.A.isB.are
10. Halfofthevisitors___fromEurope.Halfofthefruit___bad.A.isB.are
11. Everyman-workerandeverywoman-worker_______freemedicalcare.AtChristmaseachboyandeachgirl_____givenapresent.
A.enjoy;isB.enjo