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大英教案32
Unit6GeneticTechnology
Backgroundinformation:
Unitduration:
6hours
Students:
Freshmenofnon-Englishmajorsinthefirstsemester
TeachingObjectives:
1.Tolearnaboutgenetictechnologyandgeneticallymodifiedfood;
2.Tomasterthevocabularyrelatedtogeneticengineering;
3.Tomastertheuseofthepassivevoice;
4.Tolearnhowtotalkaboutthebenefitsandproblemsofhumancloning;
5.Tomasterthemethodsofwritingaletterofinvitation.
6.ToimprovetheintegratedskillsofEnglish.
Teachingcontents:
Vocabulary,text,andexercises
Teachingaids:
Tapes,blackboard,chalk,andPPT
Teachingmethods:
Presentation,discussion,andpractice
Keyandcheckpoints:
Newwordsandphrases
Teachingprocedures:
I.TextA
Stage1.Pre-readingactivities
1.Toleadintheclass
Toask:
Haveyouheardofcloning?
Wouldyouliketohaveacloneofyourself?
2.Tointroducethebackgroundinformation
1）Dollywithherthreelambs
Dolly,thefirstmammaltobeclonedfromadultDNA,diedonFeb.14,2003attheageofsix.Priortoherdeath,Dollyhadbeensufferingfromlungcancerandarthritis（关节炎）.AlthoughmostFinnDorsetsheeplivetobe11to12yearsofage,anexaminationofDollyafterherdeathseemedtoindicatethat,otherthanhercancerandarthritis,sheappearedtobequitenormal.TheunnamedsheepfromwhichDollywasclonedhaddiedseveralyearspriortohercreation.Dollywasamothertosixlambs,allbredtheold-fashionedway.
2）HumanCloning
Therearedifferentviewstowardshumancloning.Briefly,supportersofthistechnologyargueofthepotentialmedicalbenefitsthatwillbreaknewgroundsandrelievethesufferingofmanyaroundtheworldwhomaybeabletousethistechnologytoimprovetheirqualityoflifebyimprovedmedicaltreatment—includingreproductivesolutions—anddiseaseprevention.Theiropponents,however,criticizehumancloningonawiderangeofethicalandreligiousgroundsthatunderminethedignityandintegrityofhumanbeingsandviolatethenaturalrightsofhumans.
3.Tolearnthenewwords
1）Toreadthenewwords
2）Toexplainsomewords
a）divide
v.1）“分开”
Afertilizedcelldividesintotwoandcontinuestomultiply.
2）以……来除
Whenyoudividetenbytwo,yougetfive.
3）使有分歧
Noquarrelscandivideus.
n.分界线；分水岭
Thereisahugedividebetweenthosewhobelieveincyberloveandthosewhodon’t.
Patterns：
dividesth.（up/out）
dividesth.between/amongsb.
dividesth.fromsb.
e.g.Wedivided（up/out）themoneyequally.
Thecountrywasdividedbetween/amongGermanyandRussia.
Abusyhighwaydividesonehalfofthetownfromtheother.
UsefulExpression：
divideinto分成若干较小部分
Derivatives：
divisionn.分开；划分；除；除法
Divisibleadj.（数学）可除尽的
b）stimulatev.刺激；激励；鼓励；促进思想或感觉
e.g.Exercisestimulatestheflowofblood.
Risingpriceswillstimulatedemandsforhigherincomes
Patterns：
stimulatesb.to/intosth.
stimulatesb.todosth.
e.g.Thecompanytriedtostimulatethoseemployeestogreaterefforts.
Praisestimulatesthechildtostudyharder.
Derivatives：
stimulationn.刺激，激励，鼓励
stimulusn.刺激物，鼓励（物），激励（物）
stimulatingadj.有刺激性的，令人兴奋的
c）identicaladj.同一的；完全相同的；完全一样的
e.g.Thisknifeisidenticalto/withtheonewithwhichthemurderwascommitted.
Comparison：
identify&recognize两者都有“认出，识别”之意，但identify更强调身份上的确定。
如：
“Lisa!
I’msorry—Icannotrecognizeyou—youhavehadyourhaircut!
”Ican’trememberhowthetunegoesbutIwillrecognizeitwhenIhearit.Theairlinehopesthatmostofthosewhodiedinthecrashwillbeidentifiedbytheirfamilies.
Derivatives：
identifyv.认出；认明；鉴定;把……和……看成一样
identificationn.认出；认定；鉴定；身份证明（常略称ID）
identityn.身份
d）progressn./v.进步；进展；改进；发展
e.g.Thepatientismakinggoodprogress.
Constructionofthenewstadiumisprogressingaccordingtotheschedule.
Collocations：
inprogress进行中；在举行
makeprogress取得进展；（术后）恢复健康
e.g.Repairworkisinprogressonthehighway.
LindamaderapidprogresswithherspokenEnglish.
Derivatives：
progressiveadj.前进的；递增的；循序渐进的；进步的
progressionn.进步；前进；行进
e）copy
n.复制品；副本
e.g.:
Ihaverequestedacopyofmyinsurancecopy.
v.抄写；复印；模仿；仿效
e.g.Tomiscopyingsomethingdownfromtheblackboard.
Youshouldcopyhisgoodpoints.
Shediscoveredthatanotherscientisthadcopiedherideas.
UsefulExpressions：
copydown记下来
copyout抄（或打印）一份
e.g.IlookedatthetheatreposterandcopieddownthedatesoftheplayIwantedtosee.
AtschoolweoftenhadtocopyoutwholechaptersfromtheBible
Collocations：
faircopy清样
hardcopy打印件（稿）
roughcopy草稿；草图
Derivative：
copyistn.（古旧文件等之）誊写者；抄写者；模仿者
f）authorityn.权力；权威
e.g.Theauthoritiesaretryingtopreventillegalimmigrantsinthiscountry.
Cheatingisoneofthemostseriousproblemsfacingtheschoolauthorities.
Collocations：
undertheauthorityof/undersb’sauthority对……负责；受……管理
inauthority当局
e.g.Theseboysareundertheauthorityoftheirteacher.
Theseboysareunderhisauthority.
Hehasproblemsdealingwithpeopleinauthority.
Derivatives：
authorizev.授权；委托代理；批准；许可
authorizationn.授权；委托
authoritativead.有权力的；有权威的
g）imaginev.想象；认为（某事物）可能发生或存在
e.g.Canyouimaginelifewithoutelectricityandothermodernconveniences?
Pattern：
imaginedoing
e.g.Ican’timaginemarryingagirlofthatsort.
Derivatives：
imaginableadj.可想象的
imaginationn.想象；认为（某事物）可能发生或存在
imaginativeadj.有想象力的
imaginaryadj.想象中的；虚构的
h）endupwith结局，告终,endup其后常跟介词短语，也可以接动名词，表示“以……而结局/告终”。
如：
Heendedupasheadofthefirm.
Wastefulpeopleusuallyendupindebt.
Somewhattohisownsurpriseheendedupdesigningthewholecarandputtingitintoproduction.
UsefulExpressionswith“End”：
intheend最后；终于
onend连续地；竖着
attheendof在……的尽头
bytheendof到……为止
cometoanend结束；终了
make（both）endsmeet使收支相抵，量入为出；勉强维持生计
4.Todiscuss
1）Inwhatwayisgenetictechnologygoodforhumanbeings?
2）Whatkindsofsocialproblemsdoeshumancloningpossiblybringabout?
Stage2.Whilereadingactivities
1.Toletstudentshavethesilentreadingtofinishthepairworkonthepage104andtotickoutthedifficultpoints;
2.Tochecktheanswers;
3.Theteacherreadsthetextwiththestudentstogetherandexplainssomedifficultpoints:
1）Scientistscalledthesheep“sciencefictioncomingtrue.”
SentenceTranslation:
科学家们把这头羊称为“成为现实的科幻小说”。
SentenceParaphrase:
Scientistscalledthesheep“sciencefictionthatcametrue.”
StructuralAnalysis:
在引号中的sciencefictioncomingtrue中，comingtrue是现在分词短语作后置定语修饰sciencefiction。
现在分词由动词原形（如clean）加ing构成（cleaning）。
现在分词具有形容词和副词的功能，可在句中作多种句子成分。
a）定语：
可置于名词前，此时多不带附加成分，大多无行为意义；也可置于名词后，此时多带附加成分，表示一个正在进行的行为。
如：
Heisayoungmanwithpleasingmanners.
Helivedinaroomoverlookingthesquare.
b）表语：
已完全形容词化，可被very,rather等修饰。
如：
Thestoryofhislifesoundsveryinteresting.
c）宾语补足语：
用于感官、使役等动词（如see,watch,hear,feel,smell,notice,observe,find,discover,have,get,leave,keep,set等）后。
如：
Theykeptthelightsburningallnightlong.
d）状语：
可表示多种语义，有时可带相应的连词。
如：
（When）Workingintheopenair,heoftensingssongs.（时间）
Workingintheopenair,hehadtoputonwarmerclothes.（原因）
（If）Workingintheopenair,hewillhavetoputonwarmerclothes.（条件）
（Though）Workingintheopenair,hedidn’tfeelcoldatall.（让步）
现在分词的否定形式：
在其前加否定词not构成。
如：
Notknowinganythingaboutherdeath,hewentonwritingtohereverymonth.
过去分词多由动词原形（如clean）加ed构成（如cleaned）,但不规则变化动词的过去分词除外。
过去分词可在句中作多种句子成分。
a）定语：
可置于名词之前，此时多不带附加成分，可表示性质或行为所造成的结果或状态；也可置于名词之后，此时多带附加成分，表示被动的行为。
如：
Theexcitedchildrenwereshoutingandjumping.
Thetimeallowedwasquiteenough.
b）表语：
已完全形容词化，多表心理状态，可被very,too等修饰，表示被动的行为。
如：
Helookedmoreworriedthanothers.
c）宾语补足语：
用于感官、使役等动词（如see,watch,hear,feel,smell,notice,observe,find,discover,have,get,leave,keep,set等）后。
如：
Theyfoundthehouseburneddowntotheground.
d）状语：
可表示多种语义，有时可带相应的连词。
如：
（When）Seenfromaplane,theparklooksbeautiful.（时间）
（If）Seenfromaplane,theparkwilllookmorebeautiful.（条件）
（Though）Seenfromaplane,theparkcanstillbeseenclearly.（让步）
2）Acowthatproducedalotofmilk?
Samething.
SentenceTranslation:
如果某头奶牛能生产大量牛奶，农民同样就会想要一头或几头同样的奶牛。
SentenceParaphrase:
Ifacowcouldproducealotofmilk,thefarmerwouldwantanotherorseveralcowsthatwereexactlythesamewiththatcow,too.
Stage3.Post-readingactivities
1.Toanalyzethestructureofthetext:
Thetextcanbedividedintothreeparts:
Part1（Paragraphs1-5）:
WiththebirthofDolly,cloningbecomespossible.
Part2（Paragraphs6-8）:
Theprosandconsofcloning.
Part3（Paragraphs9-12）:
Humanbeingsarefacedwithaharddecision:
whetherornottomakeahumanclone.
2.TofinishotherexercisesfollowingtextA;
3.Toassign“GrammarTips”ashomework.
II.Grammartips
Step1.Texplains:
1.被动语态的主要句型:
1）主语（动作承受着）+被动语态的谓语+by+动作的执行者
ThisplaywaswrittenbyShakespeare.
2）主语（动作承受着）+被动语态的谓语+状语（介词短语）
Themountainiscoveredwithsnow.
3）主语（动作承受着）+被动语态的谓语+不定式
Hewasaskedtosingasong.
4）主语（动作承受着）+被动语态的谓语+补语
Shewaselectedmonitoroftheclass.
5）主语（动作承受着）+被动语态的谓语+宾语
Weweretoldmanyinterestingstories.
2.不能使用被动语态的情况
1）不及物动词和系动词一般不用于被动
2）某些及物动词在表示某种状态或性质时不用被动，如“have”当作“有”解释时，不用被动。
如：
Ihaveadictionary.
Thehallholdsabout200people.
3）某些动词的主动语态具有被动意义，也不用被动
Thisproductsellswell.Nylondrieseasily.
3.需要使用被动语态的一些情况
1）不知道动作的执行者或没有必要提到动作的执行者
ThemeetingisscheduledforMarch3.
Heissaidtobeaforeignspy.
2）强调动作的承受着
Asecondsubwaylinewillbebuiltincity.
Step2.Ssfinishtheexercisesbydiscussion
Step3.Tcheckstheanswers
III．TextB
S
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