全新版大学英语单词详解 Book2 Unit8.docx
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全新版大学英语单词详解Book2Unit8
Unit8ProtectingourEnvironment
TextAAFableforTomorrow
1.(Para.1)inharmonywith:
agreewithanotheridea,feelingetc.,orlookgoodwithotherthings
*Yoursuggestionsarenotinharmonywiththeaimsofthisproject.
我们的行为应该与话语相一致。
(=Ouractionsshouldbeinharmonywithourwords.)
Collocation:
beinharmonywith与…协调一致
beoutofharmonywith与…不协调一致
liveinharmony和睦相处
2.(Para.1)surroundings:
n.everythingthatisaroundornearsb./sth.
*ThehouseissetinbeautifulsurroundingsnearLakeConiston.
(=Weworkmorehappilyinpleasantsurroundings.)
3.(Para.1)inthemidstof:
amongorwith;while(sth.)ishappening
*Thegovernmentisinthemidstofamajorcrisis.
他在暴雨中离开了公寓。
(=Helefthisflatinthemidstofarainstorm.)
4.(Para.1)prosperous:
adj.richandsuccessful
*I’msureyoucanbuildaprosperousbusinessinChina.
(=Aftertheirmisfortunesthefamilyslowlybecameprosperous.)
5.(Para.1)bloom:
1.n.aflower,especiallyonecultivatedforitsbeauty
*FallleavesmaketheJapanesemad,justlikethecherrybloominthespring.
苹果树正在开花。
(=Theappletreeswereinbloom.)
2.vi.produceflowers;beinflower.
*Someofmylastrosesofsummerareevenmorebeautifulthanthefirstonesthatbloomedinearlyspring.
(=Everythinginthegardenwasbloominglovely!
)
NB:
bloom,blossom以及flower均可作名词和动词,意为“花,开花”。
其不同点是:
bloom尤指“大的、供观赏的花,诸如牡丹、玫瑰、梅花、菊花等;blossom指树木开花,尤指果树上开的花。
flower指开放的花朵或泛指花卉。
Collocation:
comeintobloom/blossom开花
beoutofbloom/blossom花已落
in(full)bloom/blossom花盛开着
thebloomisofftherose明日黄花,已失去新颖感或应时价值的事物
6.(Para.1)flame:
vi.becomesuddenlybrightwithlightorcolour,especiallyredororange
*Agreatfireflamedinanopenfireplace.
(=Hisfaceflamedwithembarrassment.)
7.(Para.1)bark:
1.vi.maketheshortloudsoundthatadogmakes
*Haveyoueverseenadogbarkingatthemoon?
这只狗对陌生人吠叫。
(=Thedogbarksatstrangers.)
2.vt.saysomethingquicklyinaloudvoice
*Thecaptainbarkedintothemicrophone,“Attentioneveryone!
”
他开始厉声下达命令。
(=Hebeganbarkingouthisorders.)
8.(Para.1)mist:
n.alightcloudlowoverthegroundthatmakesitdifficultforyoutoseeveryfar
*Wecouldjustseetheoutlineofthehousethroughthemist.
(=Themistalongtheriverbankshadgonebymidmorning.)
CF:
mist,fog&smog
这三个词都是名词,都可表示“雾”之意。
mist指轻雾,气象学上称作霭。
例如:
*Thepeakswereshroudedinmist.山峰笼罩在雾霭中。
fog指较浓的雾。
例如:
*Wegetheavyfogsonthecoastinwinter.这里的海边冬季有浓雾。
smog指工业区的烟和雾相混而造成的又黑又浓的烟雾。
例如:
*Theriverappearedasifenvelopedinsmog.那条河好像笼罩在烟雾之中。
9.(Para.2)feedon:
lookforandeat(asone’susualfood)
*Giantpandasfeedonarrowbambootwigsandleaves.
这台燃气轮机以它抽入的燃料为能源。
(=Thegasturbinefeedsonthefuelitpumps.)
10.(Para.2)abundance:
n.averylargequantityofsth.
*Thetropicalislandboastsanabundanceofwildlife.
(=Shewasblessedwithtalentandcharminabundance.)
Collocation:
abundanceof丰富,许多
inabundance充足,丰富
ayearofabundance丰年
11.(Para.2)migrant:
n.
1)abirdoranimalthattravelsregularlyfromonepartoftheworldtoanother
*Themigrantsspantheanimalkingdom,fromwhalestodragonflies.
夏天候鸟来这里筑巢。
(=Summermigrantsnesthere.)
2)someonewhogoestoliveinanotherareaorcountry,especiallyinordertofindwork
*Historically,Californiahaswelcomedmigrantsfromotherstatesandnations.
流动工人从一国转到另一国。
寻找工资高的工作。
(=Migrantworkersmovefromcountrytocountryinsearchofwell-paidwork.)
NB:
与migrant形似的词有emigrant“移居国外的人”,immigrant“(自国外移入的)移民”。
12.(Para.3)creep:
vi.movequietlyandslowly
*Ivycreptupthewallsofthebuilding.
(=Shecreptupbehindhimandputherhandsoverhiseyes.)
CF:
creep,climb,crawl
这三个动词都有“爬”之意。
creep多指人或四足动物匍匐爬行,尤指偷偷地或不出声地缓慢向前爬行。
也指植物的蔓
延生长等。
climb通常指用手或足爬上或爬下,也指飞机、日、月的上升,还可用作比喻。
crawl指人或动物以身躯贴着地面缓慢地移动。
(Directions:
)Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.
1.Thebaby____acrossthefloor.(=crawled)
2.Noonenoticedthatthelittleboyhad_____intotheroomandwassittingthere,listening.(=crept)
3.Boyswere_____treesalongtheriverbank.(=climbing)
4.Ittookseveralhourstodrivethe50miles,_______alongthroughthesnow.(=crawling)
5.She_____intoChrissy'sroom,shuttingthedoorsilentlybehindher.(=crept)
6.Severalfans______ontotheroofofthearenatogetabetterview.(=climbed)
7.Saleshave11%thisquarter.(=climbed)
13.(Para.3)spell:
n.
1)(stateorconditioncausedby)magicpower
*Afterashortspellinhospitalshewassoonbackatwork.
她担心你正从她魔力般的影响下清醒过来。
(=Sheisafraidthatyouarewakingfromherspell.)
2)ashortperiodoftimeduringwhichsth.lasts
*He'shadaspellofbadluckrecently.
她趁上班时一段清静的时间写了封信。
(=Shemanagedtowritealetterduringaquietspellatwork.)
Collocation:
duringa…spell在一段时间内
a…spellas作为…的时期
aspellofunemployment失业期
be/come/fallunder在咒语的支配下;中了咒语
undersb.’sspell被某人迷住
14.(Para.3)settleon:
fallfromaboveandcometoreston
*Whenyouareready,flydowntoEarth;settleonthemoistgreenbanksofarunningstream.
(=Asathickfogsettledonthegrounditbecametoodarktoplayoutside.)
Pattern:
settlefor对…感到满足
settleon决定
settlewith同…清理账目
settledownto/into定下心来
15.(Para.3)mysterious:
adj.hardtoexplainorunderstand
*Thepoliceareinvestigatingthemysteriousdeathsofchildrenatthehospital.
一个神秘的捐助人提供了这笔钱。
(=Amysteriousbenefactorprovidedthemoney.)
16.(Para.3)malady:
n.anillness;aseriousproblem
*Between1937and1941hediscovereddrugswhichmitigated(缓和)theworstsymptomsofthesemaladies.
暴力犯罪是为害现代社会的弊病之一。
(=Violentcrimeisoneofthemaladiesaffectingmodernsociety.)
17.(Para.3)flock:
n.agroupofbirds,sheeporgoats
*Naturallytheshepherdswhohadbroughttheirflocksacrossmustknowthesafestroute.
一群鸟飞过来,打猎开始了。
(=Aflockofbirdscomesover,andthehuntingstarts.)
CF:
flock,herd&swarm
这三个名词都有“群”之意。
flock主要指鸟群、羊群,也指较小的动物群,也可指人群。
例如:
Aflockofcustomerswerewaitingforthestoretoopen.一群顾客在等候着商店开门。
herd一般指大动物的群,尤指家畜的群,也可指人群。
例如:
Shedrovetheherdofcattlethroughthewilderness.她赶着牛群穿过荒野。
swarm通常指蜜蜂、昆虫等的群。
例如:
Aswarmofantsaremovingbusily.
一群蚂蚁正在忙碌地搬家。
18.(Para.3)puzzle:
v.make(sb.)worryandthinkhard
*Hepuzzledhisbrainstofindananswer.
(=Shewasstillpuzzlingoverthisproblemwhenshereachedtheoffice.)
19.(Para.3)stricken:
adj.seriouslyaffectedbyadiseaseoradifficultsituation
*Firebrokeoutonthestrickenship.
食物和药品被迅速运往受灾的城市。
(=Suppliesoffoodandmedicinewererushedtothestrickencity.)
NB:
stricken是strike的过去分词,意为“被打中的,受了伤的;被侵害的;受…之苦的”;(作定语或构成复合词)意为“受灾的,遇难的;患病的;受罪的;愁苦的;衰老的;受了创伤的”。
例如:
bestrickenwithpoverty(受贫困的折磨),astrickenarea(灾区),poverty-stricken(贫穷不堪的)。
20.(Para.4)desert:
vt.abandon
*HisfatherhaddesertedthefamilywhenGrahamwasthreeyearsold.
他遗弃妻女,返回了英格兰。
(=HedesertedhiswifeanddaughterandwentbacktoEngland.)
CF:
desert,abandon&giveup
这两个动词和一个词组均含“抛弃、放弃”之意。
desert着重指违背法律责任和义务,或自己的信仰与誓言的行为,多含非难的意味。
abandon强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物等,这可能是被迫的,也可能是自愿的。
giveup普通用语,强调指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃。
(Directions:
)Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.
1.Manyoftheparty'straditionalvoters_____itatthelastelection.(=deserted)
2.Badhabitsarenoteasily_______.(=givenup)
3.Wehadto____thecarandwalktherestoftheway.(=abandon)
4.Thefamilyrefusedto____anyoftheirland.(=giveup)
5.MrsHasanwas_____byherhusbandandhadtosupportfourchildrenonherown.(=deserted)
6.Becauseofthefogthey______theirideaofdriving.(=abandoned)
21.(Para.4)scoresof:
alargenumberof
*Scoresofreportersgatheredoutsidethecourthouse.
那里有好多人,也许有80个或者更多。
(=Therearescoresofpeoplethere,maybeeightyormore.)
22.(Para.5)belinedwith:
haverowsofsth.alongthesides
Thestreetwaslinedwithsmallshops.
(=Theroadislinedwithpeoplewavingflags.)
Collocation:
abovetheline(财政)日常支出的
belowtheline(财政)资本支出的
bringsomeone/thingintoline使符合,使一致
comeintoline一致
23.(Para.7)patch:
n.anareathatisdifferentfromwhatsurroundsit
*Inoticedapatchofdirtinthemiddleoftherug.
这只狗的皮毛白色中带有黑斑。
(=Thedog'scoatiswhitewithblackpatches.)
24.(Para.8)silence:
vt.bringtosilence,putastopto
*ShewassilencedbytheInspector'ssternlook.
该队的表现使爱挑他们毛病的人哑口无言。
(=Theteam'sperformancesilencedtheircritics.)
Collocation:
insilence安静地,无声地
silenceisgolden(谚)沉默是金;什么话不说为好
25.(Para.9)counterpart:
n.apersonorthingthathasthesamepositionorfunctionasanotherinadifferentplaceorsituation
*BelgianofficialsarediscussingthiswiththeirFrenchcounterparts.
(=Thesalesdirectorphonedhercounterpartintheotherfirm.)
26.(Para.9)misfortune:
n.badluck
*Theprojectwasdoggedbymisfortune.
她不幸摔断了腿。
(=Shehadthemisfortunetobreakherleg.)
CF:
misfortune,disaster&calamity
这三个名词均表示“灾难”或“不幸”之意。
misfortune普通用词,多批较为严重的不幸,强调不幸多由外界因素所致。
disaster普通用词,指大破坏、痛苦或伤亡。
calamity多指个人的不幸,比disaster严重,强调灾难引起的悲痛以及对于损失的感觉。
(Directions:
)Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.
1.Natural_____suchasfloodsandearthquakesarecommonoccurrencesinCalifornia.(=disasters)
2.Itwillbea______forfarmersifthecropsfailedagain.(=calamity)
3.Her____worsenedthisyear,whenhercompanyeliminatedherpositionandshelostherjob.(=misfortunes)
4.Theirexpeditionnearlyendedin____,whenoneoftheclimbersslidoffthemountain.(=disas