现代语言学历年真题及答案之欧阳美创编.docx

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现代语言学历年真题及答案之欧阳美创编.docx

现代语言学历年真题及答案之欧阳美创编

全国2011年1月自学考试现代语言学试题

时间:

2021.01.01

创作:

欧阳美

课程代码:

00830

I.Directions:

Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,C,orDinthebrackets.(2%×10=20%)

1.Thereisadifferencebetweenwhatweknow,whichisourlinguisticcompetence,andhowweusethisknowledgeinactualspeechproductionand______,whichisourlinguisticperformance.()

A.creationB.communication

C.comprehensionD.perception

2.Thesoundsthatbeginandendthewordschurchandjudgearevoicelessandvoiced______,respectively.()

A.affricatesB.stops

C.velarsD.palatals

3.Morphemeswhichrepresentsuchgrammaticalcategoriesasnumber,tense,gender,andcasearecalled_______morphemes.()

A.freeB.bound

C.derivationalD.inflectional

4.XPmaycontainmorethanjustX.Phrasesthatareformedofmorethanonewordusuallycontainhead,______andcomplement.()

A.modifierB.determiner

C.qualifierD.specifier

5.______isconcernedwiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticformwhile_______dealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandnon-linguisticworldofexperience.()

A.Reference,senseB.Sense,referent

C.Sense,referenceD.Referent,sense

6.AccordingtoJohnAustin’stheoryofspeechact,a(n)______actistheactofexpressingthespeaker’sintention.()

A.prelocutionaryB.locutionary

C.illocutionaryD.perlocutionary

7.Soundchangesmayincludethelossofasoundorsounds.Theso-calledapocopereferstotheomissionofavowelsegment________.()

A.inword-initialB.inword-middle

C.inword-finalD.insyllable-initial

8.IncontrasttoStandardAmericanEnglish,BlackEnglishisthedistinctvarietyofEnglishnativetoblackpopulationsintheUSA.WeregardBlackEnglishas________.()

A.aregionaldialectB.asocialdialect

C.asituationaldialectD.anethnicdialect

9.Amongthelanguagecenters,______isresponsibleforphysicalarticulationofutterances.()

A.themotorareaB.Broca’sarea

C.Wernicke’sareaD.theangulargyrus

10.Thelanguageat________stagebeginstoreflectthedistinctionbetweensentence-types,suchasnegativesentences,imperatives,andquestions.()

A.prelinguisticB.one-word

C.two-wordD.multiword

II.Directions:

Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%×10=10%)

11.Aisoneofthedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguage,whichmeansthereisingeneralnonaturalrelationbetweenmeaningsandsounds.

12.Amongthethreebranchesofphonetics,thestudyofthephysicalpropertiesofthestreamsofsoundsproducedinspeechisknownasaphonetics.

13.Inusingthemorphologicalrules,wemustguardagainstointhatdifferentwordsmayrequiredifferentaffixestocreatethesamemeaningchange.

14.UniversalGrammarisasetofprinciplesandpofgrammarwhich,accordingtoChomsky,isinheritedgeneticallybyallhumanbeings.

15.Thesynonymssuchaseconomical,thrifty,andstingyaredifferentintheiremeaning.

16.MostoftheviolationsofthefourmaximsundertheCooperativePrinciplegiverisetoconversationali.

17.Whenthereisaneedtoreduceambiguityandincreasecommunicativeclarityorexpressiveness,thenruleeoccurs.

18.Apidginisamlanguagedevelopedasamediumoftrade,orthroughotherextendedbutlimitedcontact,betweengroupsofspeakerswhohavenootherlanguageincommon.

19.Thelocalizationofcognitiveandperceptualfunctionsinaparticularhemisphereofthebrainiscalled1.

20.Languageacquisitionisconcernedwithlanguagedevelopmentinhumans.Generallyspeaking,itreferstochildren’sdevelopmentoftheirflanguage.

III.Directions:

Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinkso.(2%×10=20%)

21.()“There’samotorcyclecoming"isseenas,outofcontext,astatementthatamotorcycleiscoming.Butinaparticularcontext,itmightbeawarningtoapedestriannottostepontoaroad.Whenthestudyofmeaningisconsideredinthecontextofuse,itbecomesabranchoflinguisticscalledpragmatics.

22.()Todistinguishbetweenphonemesandphones,linguistsuseslashes//forphoneticsegmentsandsquarebrackets[]forphonemicsegments.

23.()Prefixesmodifythemeaningofthestemandalsochangethepartofspeechoftheoriginalword.

24.()Inadditiontosentencesandclauses,asyntacticcategoryusuallyreferstoa1exicalcategoryoraphrasalcategorythatperformsaparticulargrammaticalfunction.

25.()Theword“flower”and“flour”,whichareidenticalinsound,butdifferentinspellingandmeaning,arehomophones.

26.()Astheprocessofcommunicationisessentiallyaprocessofconveyingmeaninginacertaincontext,pragmaticscanberegardedasakindofmeaningstudy.

27.()Themeaningrepresentationofwordsmaychange,becomingbroader,narrower,orshifted.Thewordknightoncemeant“youth”,butwaselevatedinmeaningintheageofchivalry;WhenJuliettellsRomeo,“I’mtoofond.”SheisnotclaimingshelikesRomeotoomuch.Shemeans“Iamtoofoolish.”Thesearetwoexamplesofsemanticbroadening.

28.()Insociolinguistics,speechcommunityreferstoagroupofspeakerswhoconstituteacommunityandsharethesamelanguageoraparticularvarietyoflanguage.SpeakersofEnglishingeneralmightbetreatedassuchacommunity.

29.()Generallyspeaking,thelefthemisphereofthebraincontrolsvoluntarymovementsof,andrespondstosignalsfrom,therightsideofthebody.

30.()TheoptimumageforSLAalwaysaccordswiththemaximof’“theyoungerthebetter”.

IV.Directions:

Explaninthefollowingtermsandgiveexamplesforillustrationwhereappropriate.(3%×10=30%)

31.displacement

32.voicing

33.morpheme

34.finiteclause

ponentialanalysis

36.declarations

37.epenthesis

38.speechvariety

39.linguisticrelativism

40.thenativistviewoflanguageacquisition

V.Directions:

Answerthefollowingquestions.

(10%×2=20%)

41.Whatisthedistinctionbetweenlangueandparole?

WhydidSaussuremakesuchadistinction?

42.Whatarethedifferencesbetweensentencemeaningandutterancemeaning?

Andgiveexamplestoillustratethem.

2011年1月全国自考现代语言学参考答案

全国2010年10月自学考试现代语言学试题

I.Directions:

Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,C,orDinthebrackets.(2%×10=20%)

1.ThepurposeofChomsky’sdefinitionistofocusattentiononthepurely______propertiesoflanguage,andthesepropertiescanbestudiedfromamathematicallyprecisepointofview.

A.lexicalB.grammaticalC.semanticD.structural

2.Werefertothelimitedrangeofsoundsasthephonicmediumoflanguageandindividualsoundswithinthatrangeas______.

A.vowelsB.consonantsC.soundsD.speechsounds

3.A(n)______referstotheexistingformtowhichaderivationalaffixcanbeadded.

A.rootB.stemC.affixD.morpheme

4.Allsentencesinalllanguagescanberepresentedbyconstituentstructuretrees,andallhavesyntacticrulesthatdeterminethelinearorderofwordsandtheir______structure.

A.linearB.hierarchicalC.constituentD.syntactic

5.Insemanticanalysisofasentence,a(n)______isalogicalparticipantinapredication,largelyidenticalwiththenominalelementinasentence.()

A.argumentB.subjectC.objectD.predicate

6.SpeakerA:

Canyouanswerthetelephone?

SpeakerB:

I’minthebath.

SpeakerBisviolatingthemaximof______.()

A.quantityB.qualityC.relationD.manner

7.Newwordsmaybeformedfromexistingwordsbytheremovalofasuffixthoughttobepartoftheoldword.Suchaprocessiscalled______,e.g.,caretakefromcaretaker.

A.back-formationB.clippingC.blendingD.abbreviating

8.Itisinsultingtoawomantobecalledaspinster,butitisnotinsultingtoamantobecalledabachelor.Thereisnothinginherently______aboutthewordspinster.Theconnotationsreflectthesexistviewssocietyhasaboutanunmarriedwomanasopposedtoanunmarriedman.

A.importantB.unusualC.pejorativeD.commendatory

9.Humanlinguisticabilitydependsprimarilyonhuman______.()

A.brainB.vocalcordsC.tongueD.articulatoryorgans

10.Inthe______stage,childrenbegintoproducelongerutteranceswithmorecomplexgrammaticalstructures.()

A.prelinguisticB.one-wordC.two-wordD.multi-word

Ⅱ.Directions:

Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%×10=10%)

11.Dlinguisticsisthesystematicdescriptionandelucidationofalllinguisticchangesthroughtime.Itstudiesthehistoricaldevelopmentoflanguageoveraperiodoftime.Forexample,astudyofthechangesEnglishhasundergonesincethetimeofShakespearewouldbeadiachronicstudy.

12.Thephonemesofalanguagecannotbestrungtogetherinanyrandomordertoformwords.Thephonologicalsystemdetermineswhichphonemescanbeginaword,endaword,andfolloweachother,inotherwords,therearesrulesthatgovernthecombinationofsoundsinaparticularlanguage.

13.Morphologycanbedividedintotwosub-branches:

inflectionalmorphologyanddmorphology.

14.Syntaxconsistsofasetofabstractrulesthatallowwordstobecombinedwithotherwordstoformgrammaticalsentenc

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