现代语言学历年真题及答案之欧阳美创编.docx
《现代语言学历年真题及答案之欧阳美创编.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《现代语言学历年真题及答案之欧阳美创编.docx(35页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
现代语言学历年真题及答案之欧阳美创编
全国2011年1月自学考试现代语言学试题
时间:
2021.01.01
创作:
欧阳美
课程代码:
00830
I.Directions:
Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,C,orDinthebrackets.(2%×10=20%)
1.Thereisadifferencebetweenwhatweknow,whichisourlinguisticcompetence,andhowweusethisknowledgeinactualspeechproductionand______,whichisourlinguisticperformance.()
A.creationB.communication
C.comprehensionD.perception
2.Thesoundsthatbeginandendthewordschurchandjudgearevoicelessandvoiced______,respectively.()
A.affricatesB.stops
C.velarsD.palatals
3.Morphemeswhichrepresentsuchgrammaticalcategoriesasnumber,tense,gender,andcasearecalled_______morphemes.()
A.freeB.bound
C.derivationalD.inflectional
4.XPmaycontainmorethanjustX.Phrasesthatareformedofmorethanonewordusuallycontainhead,______andcomplement.()
A.modifierB.determiner
C.qualifierD.specifier
5.______isconcernedwiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticformwhile_______dealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandnon-linguisticworldofexperience.()
A.Reference,senseB.Sense,referent
C.Sense,referenceD.Referent,sense
6.AccordingtoJohnAustin’stheoryofspeechact,a(n)______actistheactofexpressingthespeaker’sintention.()
A.prelocutionaryB.locutionary
C.illocutionaryD.perlocutionary
7.Soundchangesmayincludethelossofasoundorsounds.Theso-calledapocopereferstotheomissionofavowelsegment________.()
A.inword-initialB.inword-middle
C.inword-finalD.insyllable-initial
8.IncontrasttoStandardAmericanEnglish,BlackEnglishisthedistinctvarietyofEnglishnativetoblackpopulationsintheUSA.WeregardBlackEnglishas________.()
A.aregionaldialectB.asocialdialect
C.asituationaldialectD.anethnicdialect
9.Amongthelanguagecenters,______isresponsibleforphysicalarticulationofutterances.()
A.themotorareaB.Broca’sarea
C.Wernicke’sareaD.theangulargyrus
10.Thelanguageat________stagebeginstoreflectthedistinctionbetweensentence-types,suchasnegativesentences,imperatives,andquestions.()
A.prelinguisticB.one-word
C.two-wordD.multiword
II.Directions:
Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%×10=10%)
11.Aisoneofthedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguage,whichmeansthereisingeneralnonaturalrelationbetweenmeaningsandsounds.
12.Amongthethreebranchesofphonetics,thestudyofthephysicalpropertiesofthestreamsofsoundsproducedinspeechisknownasaphonetics.
13.Inusingthemorphologicalrules,wemustguardagainstointhatdifferentwordsmayrequiredifferentaffixestocreatethesamemeaningchange.
14.UniversalGrammarisasetofprinciplesandpofgrammarwhich,accordingtoChomsky,isinheritedgeneticallybyallhumanbeings.
15.Thesynonymssuchaseconomical,thrifty,andstingyaredifferentintheiremeaning.
16.MostoftheviolationsofthefourmaximsundertheCooperativePrinciplegiverisetoconversationali.
17.Whenthereisaneedtoreduceambiguityandincreasecommunicativeclarityorexpressiveness,thenruleeoccurs.
18.Apidginisamlanguagedevelopedasamediumoftrade,orthroughotherextendedbutlimitedcontact,betweengroupsofspeakerswhohavenootherlanguageincommon.
19.Thelocalizationofcognitiveandperceptualfunctionsinaparticularhemisphereofthebrainiscalled1.
20.Languageacquisitionisconcernedwithlanguagedevelopmentinhumans.Generallyspeaking,itreferstochildren’sdevelopmentoftheirflanguage.
III.Directions:
Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinkso.(2%×10=20%)
21.()“There’samotorcyclecoming"isseenas,outofcontext,astatementthatamotorcycleiscoming.Butinaparticularcontext,itmightbeawarningtoapedestriannottostepontoaroad.Whenthestudyofmeaningisconsideredinthecontextofuse,itbecomesabranchoflinguisticscalledpragmatics.
22.()Todistinguishbetweenphonemesandphones,linguistsuseslashes//forphoneticsegmentsandsquarebrackets[]forphonemicsegments.
23.()Prefixesmodifythemeaningofthestemandalsochangethepartofspeechoftheoriginalword.
24.()Inadditiontosentencesandclauses,asyntacticcategoryusuallyreferstoa1exicalcategoryoraphrasalcategorythatperformsaparticulargrammaticalfunction.
25.()Theword“flower”and“flour”,whichareidenticalinsound,butdifferentinspellingandmeaning,arehomophones.
26.()Astheprocessofcommunicationisessentiallyaprocessofconveyingmeaninginacertaincontext,pragmaticscanberegardedasakindofmeaningstudy.
27.()Themeaningrepresentationofwordsmaychange,becomingbroader,narrower,orshifted.Thewordknightoncemeant“youth”,butwaselevatedinmeaningintheageofchivalry;WhenJuliettellsRomeo,“I’mtoofond.”SheisnotclaimingshelikesRomeotoomuch.Shemeans“Iamtoofoolish.”Thesearetwoexamplesofsemanticbroadening.
28.()Insociolinguistics,speechcommunityreferstoagroupofspeakerswhoconstituteacommunityandsharethesamelanguageoraparticularvarietyoflanguage.SpeakersofEnglishingeneralmightbetreatedassuchacommunity.
29.()Generallyspeaking,thelefthemisphereofthebraincontrolsvoluntarymovementsof,andrespondstosignalsfrom,therightsideofthebody.
30.()TheoptimumageforSLAalwaysaccordswiththemaximof’“theyoungerthebetter”.
IV.Directions:
Explaninthefollowingtermsandgiveexamplesforillustrationwhereappropriate.(3%×10=30%)
31.displacement
32.voicing
33.morpheme
34.finiteclause
ponentialanalysis
36.declarations
37.epenthesis
38.speechvariety
39.linguisticrelativism
40.thenativistviewoflanguageacquisition
V.Directions:
Answerthefollowingquestions.
(10%×2=20%)
41.Whatisthedistinctionbetweenlangueandparole?
WhydidSaussuremakesuchadistinction?
42.Whatarethedifferencesbetweensentencemeaningandutterancemeaning?
Andgiveexamplestoillustratethem.
2011年1月全国自考现代语言学参考答案
全国2010年10月自学考试现代语言学试题
I.Directions:
Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,C,orDinthebrackets.(2%×10=20%)
1.ThepurposeofChomsky’sdefinitionistofocusattentiononthepurely______propertiesoflanguage,andthesepropertiescanbestudiedfromamathematicallyprecisepointofview.
A.lexicalB.grammaticalC.semanticD.structural
2.Werefertothelimitedrangeofsoundsasthephonicmediumoflanguageandindividualsoundswithinthatrangeas______.
A.vowelsB.consonantsC.soundsD.speechsounds
3.A(n)______referstotheexistingformtowhichaderivationalaffixcanbeadded.
A.rootB.stemC.affixD.morpheme
4.Allsentencesinalllanguagescanberepresentedbyconstituentstructuretrees,andallhavesyntacticrulesthatdeterminethelinearorderofwordsandtheir______structure.
A.linearB.hierarchicalC.constituentD.syntactic
5.Insemanticanalysisofasentence,a(n)______isalogicalparticipantinapredication,largelyidenticalwiththenominalelementinasentence.()
A.argumentB.subjectC.objectD.predicate
6.SpeakerA:
Canyouanswerthetelephone?
SpeakerB:
I’minthebath.
SpeakerBisviolatingthemaximof______.()
A.quantityB.qualityC.relationD.manner
7.Newwordsmaybeformedfromexistingwordsbytheremovalofasuffixthoughttobepartoftheoldword.Suchaprocessiscalled______,e.g.,caretakefromcaretaker.
A.back-formationB.clippingC.blendingD.abbreviating
8.Itisinsultingtoawomantobecalledaspinster,butitisnotinsultingtoamantobecalledabachelor.Thereisnothinginherently______aboutthewordspinster.Theconnotationsreflectthesexistviewssocietyhasaboutanunmarriedwomanasopposedtoanunmarriedman.
A.importantB.unusualC.pejorativeD.commendatory
9.Humanlinguisticabilitydependsprimarilyonhuman______.()
A.brainB.vocalcordsC.tongueD.articulatoryorgans
10.Inthe______stage,childrenbegintoproducelongerutteranceswithmorecomplexgrammaticalstructures.()
A.prelinguisticB.one-wordC.two-wordD.multi-word
Ⅱ.Directions:
Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%×10=10%)
11.Dlinguisticsisthesystematicdescriptionandelucidationofalllinguisticchangesthroughtime.Itstudiesthehistoricaldevelopmentoflanguageoveraperiodoftime.Forexample,astudyofthechangesEnglishhasundergonesincethetimeofShakespearewouldbeadiachronicstudy.
12.Thephonemesofalanguagecannotbestrungtogetherinanyrandomordertoformwords.Thephonologicalsystemdetermineswhichphonemescanbeginaword,endaword,andfolloweachother,inotherwords,therearesrulesthatgovernthecombinationofsoundsinaparticularlanguage.
13.Morphologycanbedividedintotwosub-branches:
inflectionalmorphologyanddmorphology.
14.Syntaxconsistsofasetofabstractrulesthatallowwordstobecombinedwithotherwordstoformgrammaticalsentenc