listenthisway3详细答案及原文.docx
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listenthisway3详细答案及原文
Unit1
PartI Gettingready
A.
B.Keys:
1:
burningoftheforests/treeremoval(deforestation)/reductionoftheworld'srainforests
2:
globalwarming/greenhouseeffect/emissionsofCO2
PartII TheEarthatrisk(I)
A.Keys:
1.
a.Morepeople--------morefirewood----fewertrees
b.Moredomesticanimals------moreplants-----feweravailableplants
a,b--Moredesert----movesouth-----desrttexpandingsouth----nograss
2.Growingcropsstabilizesoil,withoutthemthetopsoiljustblowsaway.Butifthereisn'tenoughrainthecropsdon'tgrow.
3.Peopletrytogrowfoodtosupportthemselvesortocreaterancheswherecattlecanberaised,ortogethardwoodforexport,ortomakewayforanironoremine
B.Keys:
1:
SaharaDesert
2:
NorthAmerica&mostofEurope
3:
topsoilblowingaway
4:
tropicalforestsdestruction
5:
animal/plantspeciesbecomingextinct
6:
climatechangeforthewholeworld
PartIII TheEarthatrisk(II)
A.Keys:
1:
Treeswouldholdrainfallintheirroots.Whenforestsinthehigherup-riverhavebeendestroyed,alltherainthatfallsinthemonsoonseasonflowsstraightintotheriverandstartstheflooding.
2:
Heimpliesthatsomenationalgovernmentsjustconsidertheresultsoftheirpoliciesinthenearfuture,orjustthinkasfaraheadasthenextelection.
B.Keys:
1:
floodinginBangladesh
2:
Actiontobetaken
3:
populationcontrol
PartIVMoreaboutthetopic:
TheEffectsofGlobalWarming
Keys:
1:
Warmingupoftheworld
2:
Effectsofglobal
3:
reducedpotentialforfoodproduction
4:
changeofpatternsofhear-relatedfoodpoisoning,etc.
PartVDoyouknow…?
A.Keys:
1:
F2:
F3:
F4:
F5:
T
B.Keys:
Dos1:
yourtowels2:
Cutout3:
awall-fire4:
fridge5:
waituntilyou'veafullload
6:
acompletemeal
Don’ts7:
ironeverything8:
theironup9:
thekettle10:
tothebrim
11:
hotfood
Tapescript ofUnit1
PartI Gettingready
A.
B.
1.TheAmazonforestsaredisappearingbecauseofincreasedburningandtreeremoval.InSeptember,satellitepicturesshowedmorethan20000firesburningintheAmazon.Expertssaymostofthesefiresweresetbyfarmers.Thefarmerswereattemptingtoclearlandtogrowcrops.TheWorldWildlifeFundsaysanotherseriousproblemisthattoomanytreesintheAmazonrainforestarebeingcutdown.TheWorldWildlifeFundsaysthefiresshowtheneedforurgentinternationalactiontoprotecttheworld'srainforests.Thegroupwarnsthatwithoutsuchactionsomeforestscouldbelostforever.
2.EnvironmentalissuesswelltothefullinBerlinthisweek,fortheUNspongsoredconferenceonglobalwarmingandclimatechangeisthefirstsuchmeetingsincetheRiosummitthreeyearsago.WithscientistsandgovernmentsnowgenerallyreadytoacceptthattheearthclimateisbeingaffectedbyemissionsofCO2andothergreenhousegases,overahundredcountriesaresendingdelegations.ButhowmuchprogresshasbeenmadeimplementingthegreenhousegasreductiontargetagreedonatRio?
SimonDaryreports...
PartII TheEarthatrisk(I)
A.
I(Interviewer):
BrianCowlesistheproducerofanewseriesofdocumentariescalled"TheEarthatRisk"whichcanbeseenonChannel4laterthismonth.Eachprogramdealswithadifferentcontinent,doesn'tit,Brian?
B(BrianCowles):
That'sright.WewenttoAmerica,bothNorthandSouthandthenwewentovertoAfricaandSouth-EastAsia.
I:
Andwhatdidyoufindineachofthesecontinents?
B:
StartingwithAfrica,ourfilmshowstheimpactofthepopulationontheenvironment.Generallyspeaking,thishascausedtheSaharaDeserttoexpand.It'sabitofaviciouscirclewefind.Peoplecutdowntreesforfirewoodandtheirdomesticanimalseatalltheavailableplants—andsoconsequentlytheyhavetomovesouthastheSaharaDesertexpandsfurthersouth.Imean,soonthewholeofMaliwillbecomeadesert.AndinEastAfrica:
herethegrasslandsaresupportingtoomanyanimalsandtheresultis,ofcourse,there'snograss—nothingfortheanimalstoeat.
I:
Isee.AndthenextfilmdealswithNorthAmerica?
B:
That'sright.IntheUSA,asyouknow,intensiveagriculturerequiresaplentifulsupplyofrainforthesecropstogrow,Imeanifthereisn'tenoughrainthecropsdon'tgrow.Andgrowingcropsstabilizesoil,withoutthemthetopsoiljustblowsaway.Thisisalsotrueforanyregionthatisintenselyfarmed—mostofEurope,forexample.
I:
AndwhatdidyoufindinSouthAmerica?
B:
InSouthAmerica(asinCentralAfricaandSouthernAsia)tropicalforestsarebeingcutdownatanalarmingrate.ThisisdonesothatpeoplecansupportthemselvesbygrowingfoodortocreaterancheswherecattlecanberaisedtobeexportedtoEuropeorAmericaastinnedmeat.Theproblemisthatthesoilissopoorthatonlyacoupleofharvestsarepossiblebeforethisverythinsoilbecomesexhausted.Anditcan'tbefedwithfertilizerslikeagriculturallandinEurope.
Forexample,inBrazilin1982anareaofjunglethesizeofBritainandFrancecombinedwasdestroyedtomakewayforanironoremine.HugenumbersoftreesarebeingcutdownforexportsashardwoodtoJapan,Europe,USAtomakethingslikeluxuryfurniture.Theseforestscan'tbereplaced—theforestsoilisthinandunproductiveandinjustafewyears,ajunglehasbecomeawasteland.Tropicalforestscontainrareplants(whichwecanuseformedicines,forexample)andanimals—oneanimalorplantspeciesbecomesextincteveryhalfhour.Theseforesttreesalsohaveworldwideeffects.Youknow,theyconvertcarbondioxideintooxygen.Theconsequenceofdestroyingforestsisnotonlythattheclimateofthatregionchanges(becausethereislessrainfall)butthischangeaffectsthewholeworld.Imean,overhalftheworld'srainforesthasbeencutdownthiscentury.
PartIIITheEarthatrisk(II)
A.
I:
So,Brian,wouldyouagreethatwhatwegenerallythinkofasnaturaldisastersareinfactman-made?
B:
Yes,byandlarge.Imean,obviouslynothurricanesorearthquakes,buttakeflooding,forexample.Practicallyeveryyear,thewholeofBangladeshisfloodedandthisisgettingworse.Youknow,thecauseisthatforestshavebeencutdownupinNepalandIndia,Imeanhigherup-riverintheHimalayas.Treeswouldholdrainfallintheirroots,butifthey'vebeencutdownalltherainthatfallsinthemonsoonseasonflowssraightintotheriverGangesandfloodsthewholecountry.ThereasonforfloodinginSudanisthesame—theforestshigheruptheBlueNileinEthiopiahavebeendestroyedtoo.
I:
Well,thisallsoundsterriblydepressing.Um...Whatistobedone?
Imean,cananythingbedone,infact?
B:
Yes,ofcourseitcan.First,thenationalgovernmentshavetobeforward-lookingandconsidertheresultsoftheirpoliciesintenortwentyyears,notjustthinkasfaraheadasthenextelection.Somehow,allthecountriesintheworldhavetoworktogetheronaninternationalbasis.Secondly,thepopulationhastobecontrolledinsomeway:
therearetoomanypeopletryingtoliveofftoolittleland.Thirdly,wedon'tneedtropicalhardwoodtomakeourfurniture—it'saluxurypeopleintheWestmustdowithout.Softwoodsarejustasgood,lessexpensiveandcanbeproducedonenvironment-friendly"treefarms",wheretreesarereplacedatthesameratethattheyarecutdown.
I:
And,presumably,educationisimportantaswell.Peoplemustbeeducatedtorealizetheconsequencesoftheiractions?
B:
Yes,ofcourse.
I:
Well,thankyou,Brian
B.
I:
So,Brian,wouldyouagreethatwhatwegenerallythinkofas...er...aser...naturaldisastersareinfactman-made?
B:
Yes,byandlarge...er...Imean,obviouslynothurricanesorearthquakes,buttakeflooding,forexample.Imean,practicallyeveryyear,thewholeofBangladeshisfloodedandthisisgettingworse.Youknow,thecauseisthatforestshavebeencutdownupinNepalandIndia...Imean...higherup-riverintheHimalayas.Trees...er...wouldholdrainfallintheirroots,butifthey'vebeencutdownalltherainthatfallsinthemonsoonseasonflowsstraightintotheriverGangesandfloodsthewholecountry.ThereasonforfloodinginSudanisthesame—theforestshigheruptheBlueNileinEthiopiahavebeendestroyedtoo.
I:
Well,thisallsoundsterriblydepressing.Um...whatistobedone?
Imean,cananythingbedone,infact?
B:
Yes,ofcourseitcan...er...first,thenationalgovernmentshavetobeforward-lookingandconsidertheresultsoftheirpoliciesintenortwentyyears,notjustthinkasfaraheadasthenextelection.Somehow,allthecountriesintheworldhavetoworktogetheronaninternationalbasis.Secondly,thepopulationhastobecontrolledinsomeway:
therearetoomanypeopletryingtoliveofftoolittleland.Thirdly,wedon'tneedtropicalhardwoodtomakeourfurniture—it'saluxurypeopleintheWestmustdowithout.Softwoodsarejustasgood,lessexpensiveandcanbeproducedonenvironment-friendly"treefarms",wheretreesarereplacedatthesameratethattheyarecutdown.
I:
And,presumably,educationisimportantaswell.Peoplemustbeeducatedtorealizetheconsequences...um...oftheiractions?
B:
Yes,yesofcourse.
I:
Well,thankyou,Brian.
PartIVMoreaboutthetopic:
TheEffectsofGlobalWarming
Theworldiswarmingup.Weknowthisbecauseaveragetemperaturesarethehighestsincescientistsstartedmeasuringthem600yearsago.Theincreaseisabout0.2℃everyyear.Thismayseemveryslight,butweknowthatslightchangesintemperaturecanhaveabigeffectonotherthings.Mostscientistsnowbelievethisglobalwarming