常用的临床医学术语共10页word资料.docx
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常用的临床医学术语共10页word资料
常用临床医学术语
diseases疾病
acutediseases急性病
advanceddiseases病沉重期，晚期疾病
chronicdiseases慢性病
communicablediseases传染病
complicatingdiseases并发病
congenitaldiseases先天性疾病
acquireddiseases后天性疾病
contagiousdiseases接触性传染病
endemicdiseases地方病
epidemicdiseases流行病
functionaldiseases机能病、官能病
infectiousdiseases传染病
inheriteddiseases遗传病
malignantdiseases恶性病
nutritionaldiseases营养病
occupationdiseases职业病
organicdiseases器质性病
paroxysmaldiseases阵发性病
periodicaldiseases周期病
primary（principal）diseases原发（主导）病
secondarydiseases继发病
sexual（venereal,social）diseases性病
terminaldiseases绝症
wastingdiseases消耗性疾病
chiefcomplaint主诉
clinicalmanifestation临床表现
deliveryhistory分娩史
etiology病因学
familyhistory家族史
history,medicalhistory病史
precipitating（induced）诱因
maritalstatus婚姻状况
menstrualhistory月经史
menarche初潮
menopause闭经
pasthistory既往史
pathogenesis发病机制
personalhistory个人史
symptoms症状
cardinalsymptom主要症状
classicalsymptom典型症状
concomitantsymptom伴发症状
constitutional（systemic）symptom全身症状
indirectsymptom间接症状
inducedsymptom诱发症状
localsymptom局部症状
mentalsymptom精神症状
symptom-complex（syndrome）symptom综合症，症候群
signs体征
antecedent前驱征
assident（accessory）副征
commemorative后遗症
signofdeath死征
diagnostic诊断征
signofdisease病征
subjective自觉征，主观征
veinsign静脉征
vitalsign生命体征
bodylength（heightofthebody）身高
bodyweight体重
barrelchest桶状胸
cachexia恶病质
compulsiveposition被动体位
criticalfacies病危面容
emaciation消瘦
enophthalmos眼球下陷
entropion睑内翻
exophthalmos眼球突出
flushedface面色潮红
gain（loss）inweight增加（减轻）体重
lock-jaw牙关紧闭
lordosis脊柱前凸
nasalalaflap鼻翼扇动
nystagmus眼震
obesity肥胖
pallor苍白
scolisis脊柱侧凸
agitation焦急不安
debility,weakness虚弱
diaphoresis出汗，大量出汗
dizziness,vertigo眩晕
lassitude,fatigue无力，倦怠
malaise不适
nightsweat盗汗
numbness麻木
rigor,chill寒冷，发冷
perspiration,sweating出汗
pruritus,itching痒，
somasthenia躯体无力
tingling麻刺感
abscess脓肿
acidosis酸中毒
adhesion粘连
alkalosis碱中毒
allergy过敏
coagulationdefect凝血不良
congestion充血
dehydration脱水
distention膨胀
edema水肿
embolism栓塞，栓塞形成
fluidandelectrolyteimbalance水电解质紊乱
gangrene坏疽
hematoma血肿
hemorrhage,bleeding出血
infarction梗塞，梗死
infection传染
inflammation炎症
ketoacidosis酮酸中毒
metastasis转移
perforation穿孔
necrosis坏死
shock休克
response反应，应答
reaction反应，感应
thrombosis血栓形成
ulceration溃疡
fever,pyrexia发烧，发热
continuousfever稽留热
intermittentfever间歇热
low-gradefever低热
remittentfever驰张热
relapsingfever回归热
pain痛
burningpain灼痛
chest（flank,…）pain胸（胁腹…）痛
cramp-likepain痉挛性痛
dull,diffusedpain弥漫性钝痛
pleuriticpain胸膜炎性痛
radiatingpain（painradiatingto…）放射性痛（放射到…疼痛）angina绞痛
cardiacangina心绞痛
backache背痛
colic绞痛，急腹痛
earache耳痛
headache头痛
neuralgia神经痛
migraine偏头痛
reboundtenderness反跳痛
somatalgia躯体痛
sorethroat咽喉痛
stomachache胃痛
toothache牙痛
bloodysputum带血的痰
cough咳嗽
drycough干咳
expectoration咳痰
expectorationofblood咳血
hemoptysis咳血
anoxia缺氧
apnea呼吸暂停，窒息
asthma气喘，哮喘
CheyneStokesrespiration切－斯氏呼吸，潮式呼吸
dyspnea呼吸困难
hyperpneahyperventilation过度呼吸，换气过度
hypopnea呼吸不全，呼吸浅表
hypoxia低氧，缺氧
orthopnea端坐呼吸
respiratoryarrest呼吸停止
suffocation窒息
tachypnea呼吸急促
fetidbreath口臭
fruitybreath呼吸有水果味
arrhythmia心律失常，心律不齐
atelectasis肺不张，肺膨胀不全
cardiacarrest心搏骤停
cardiachypertrophy心脏肥大
cyanosis发绀，青紫
distensionofjugularvein颈静脉怒张
extrasystole期外收缩
galloprhythm奔马律
hemopleura血胸
hepatojugularreflux肝颈静脉回流
hypovolemia（循环）血容量减少
palpitation心悸
tachycardia心动过速
pneumothorax气胸
thrill震颤
absentbreathsounds呼吸音消失
dullsound浊音
hyperresonant鼓音
rale啰音
rhonchus,rhonchi鼾音，干啰音
wheeze哮鸣音
anorexia,lossofappetite食欲不振，厌食
dysphagia吞咽困难
eructation嗳气
belching嗳气
flatulence气胀
flatus肠胃气，屁
gaseousdistention胃胀气
hematemesis呕血
hiccough,hiccup打呃，呃逆
nausea恶心
pyrosis胃灼热
regurgitation反胃，回流
thirsty口渴
vomiting呕吐
analfissure,crackintheanalcanal肛裂
ascites腹水
board-likerigidityoftheabdomen板状腹
decreasedtactilefremitus触觉性震颤减弱
exophagealvarices食管静脉曲张
fistula瘘，瘘管
hemorrhoid痔
hernia疝
hepatomegaly肝肿大
intussusception肠套叠
jaundice黄疸
muscleguarding,defenceoftheabdominalwall腹壁肌卫
peristalsis蠕动
lossofperistalsis蠕动消失
massperistalsis总蠕动
retrograde（reversed）peristalsis逆蠕动
prolapse脱垂
prolapseofanus脱肛
rectalprolapse直肠脱垂，脱肛
volvulus肠扭转
calculus结石，石
biliarycalculus胆结石
vesicalcalculus膀胱结石
constipation便秘
defecation排便
diarrhea腹泻
incontinenceoffeces大便失禁
hematochezia便血
fecalimpaction大便嵌塞
occultblood潜血
painfulstrainingwithdefecation排便痛性牵动
claycoloredstools陶土色便
dark,granular/coffeegroundemesis咖啡样呕吐物
fecalvomiting,stercoraceousvomiting呕粪，吐粪
foulfattystools,steatorrhea恶臭脂肪便，脂肪痢
scantyandhardstools便少而硬
tarry（black）stools柏油样便
anuria无尿
burningsensationnourination排尿时的灼烧感
dysurea排尿困难，尿痛
enuresis,bedwetting遗尿
frequencyofurination尿频
micturation排尿
uresis,urination,voiding排尿
nocturia夜尿
oliguria少尿
polyuria多尿
tenesmus里急后重
vesicaltenesmus排尿时里急后重
uremiacoma尿毒症昏迷
urgencyofurination尿急
urinaryincontinence尿失禁
aciduria酸尿
chyluria乳糜尿
cylindruia管型尿
glycosuria糖尿
hematuria血尿
ketonuria酮尿
pneumatinuria气尿
proteinuria蛋白尿
pyuria脓尿
amenorrhea经闭，无月经
dysmenorrhea痛经
menorrhagia月经过多
lochia恶露
menorrhea行经，月经过多
menstruation月经
uterinecontraction子宫收缩
blotch斑点
bruise挫伤，青肿
acne痤疮，粉刺
desquamation脱皮，脱屑
ecchymosis瘀斑
lossofskinturgor失去皮肤充盈
nevus痣
papule丘疹
petechia瘀点，瘀斑
pigmentation色素沉着
pustule脓疱
purpura紫癫
rednodule红结节
roseola玫瑰疹
scar伤疤
senileplaque老人斑
spideranaioma蛛形痣
subcutaneousnodule皮下结节
urticaria荨麻疹
vesicle小水疱
vitiligo白斑
blindness失明
blurredvision,visualdisturbance视力模糊
impairedvision视力下降
lacrimation流泪
papilledema视神经乳头水肿
photophobia畏光，羞明
retinaldetachment视网膜脱离
deafness聋
hearingloss听力丧失
tinnitus耳鸣
epistaxis,nasalbleeding鼻出血
impairedsmelling嗅觉障碍
nasaldischarge鼻涕
nasalobstruction鼻塞
sneeze喷嚏
snore打鼾
aphonia,lossofvoice失音症
hoarseness嘶哑
gumbleeding齿龈出血
herpeslabialis唇疱疹，感冒疮
Koplik’sspots科普利克斑
leadlineofthegum龈铅线
salivation,drooling流口水
straw-berrytongue草莓舌
tremuloustongue舌震颤
atrophy萎缩
contracture挛缩
deformity畸形，变形
dislocation脱位
fracture骨折
closed（simple）fracture无创骨折，单纯性骨折
comminutedfracture粉碎性骨折
compoundfracture哆开（开放性）骨折
knock-knee膝外翻
opisthotonos角弓反张
prosthesis假体
spasm痉挛
tetany（肌）强直，手足抽搦
wristdrop腕下垂
aphasia失语
ataxia共济失调
coma昏迷
consciousness知觉，意识
convulsion抽搐，惊厥
delirium谵妄
delusion妄想
faint昏厥
hallucination幻觉
hemiplegia偏瘫
increasedintracranialpressure颅内压增高
insanity精神错乱
lossoforientation定向丧失
mania躁狂
memorydefects,amnesia记忆缺损，遗忘症
paraplegia截瘫，下身麻痹
projectilevomiting喷射性呕吐
somnolence,（lethargy）昏睡，嗜睡
stupor木僵，昏呆
tetraplegia四肢瘫痪
unconsciousness失去知觉
yawning打哈欠
crisis危象
cerebral（febrile,hematic,hemolytic,hypertensive,thyrotoxic,...）crisis
脑（热、血性、溶血、高血压、甲状腺中毒…）危象
failure衰竭，故障
central（circulatory,cardiac,myocardiac,peripheral,congestive,renal,respiratory）failure
中枢（循环、心力、心肌、周围循环、充血性、肾、呼吸…）衰竭
diagnosis诊断
auscultation听诊
inspection视诊
palpation触诊
percussion叩诊
laboratoryexamination实验室检查
physicalexamination体格检查
rectal（vaginal）touch直肠（阴道）指诊
impression印象
tentativediagnosis暂定诊断
differentialdiagnosis鉴别诊断
finaldiagnosis最后诊断
prognosis预后
prescription处方
incubation（latent）period潜伏期
prodromalstage前驱期
incipientstage初期
quiescentstage静止期
alleviation减轻，缓和
remission缓解
attack发作
convalescence（recovery）stage恢复期
rehabilitation康复
relapse复发
suddendeath猝死
moribund濒死的
courseofthedisease病程
courseofthetreatment疗程
indication适应症，指征
complication并发症
contraindication禁忌症
side-effect副作用
sequel（sequela）,aftereffect后遗症
therapies治疗方法
acupuncturetherapy针刺疗法
blocktherapy封闭疗法
chemicaltherpy（chemo-therapy）化学疗法
combinedtherapy综合疗法
conservativetherapy保守疗法
constitutionaltherapy全身疗法
dietetictherapy饮食疗法
operativetreatment手术疗法
palliativetreatment,alleviativetreatment姑息疗法
physicaltherapy物理疗法
psychotherapy精神疗法
radicaltreatment根治
radio-therapy放射性疗法
supportingtreatment支持疗法
symptomatictreatment对症疗法
cardiacmassage心脏按摩
cardiacpacing心脏起博
electrotherapy电疗法
electroshocktreatment电休克疗法
hemodialysis血液透析
hyperbarictherapy高压氧疗法
insulin-shocktreatment胰岛素休克疗法
lighttherapy光疗法
therapeuticgymnastics医疗体育
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