上海高三英语教师辅导讲义 主语宾语从句+十一选十+完形.docx

上海高三英语教师辅导讲义 主语宾语从句+十一选十+完形.docx

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上海高三英语教师辅导讲义主语宾语从句+十一选十+完形

学员编号：

年级：

高三课时数：

3

学员姓名：

辅导科目：

英语学科教师：

授课

类型

T（主语，宾语从句复习）

C（十选九）

T（完型填空）

授课日期时段

教学内容

一、同步知识梳理

名词性从句

一．概念：

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句（NounClauses）。

名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

二、引导名词性从句的连接词　

连接词：

that,whether,if（不充当从句的任何成分）

连接代词：

what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.

连接副词：

when,where,how,why

主语从句

主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。

1.It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较

It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。

而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。

被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。

例如：

Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.

Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.

Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.

ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.

2.用it作形式主语的结构

（1）Itis＋名词＋从句

Itisafactthat…事实是…

Itisanhonorthat…非常荣幸

Itiscommonknowledgethat…是常识

（2）Itis＋形容词＋从句

Itisnaturalthat…很自然…

Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是…

（3）Itis＋不及物动词＋从句

Itseemsthat…似乎…

Ithappenedthat…碰巧…

Itappearsthat…似乎…

（4）It＋过去分词＋从句

Itisreportedthat…据报道…

Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证实…

Itissaidthat…据说…

3.what与that在引导主语从句时的区别

what引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that则不然。

例如：

1）Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.

2）Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation.

Itisaconsolationthatsheisstillalive.

练习：

1._____ as much as one-fifth of all timber harvested is not used.

A. The estimate          B. The estimated    

C. They are estimated      D. It is estimated that

2. _____ some mammalscame to live in the sea is not known.

   A. Which       B. Since        C. Although      D. How 

3. _____ we have achieved is attributed to the guidance of our parents.

   A. Whoever     B. Whatever     C. However      D. That 

4. _____ wealthy does not necessarily mean that a man is greedy.

   A. For the reason that he is      B. Just because he is 

   C. The reason of being           D. That he is 

5. Although ___ happened in this developed country sounds like science fiction,it could occur elsewhere in the world.

   A. which        B. what       C. how           D. it

6. _____ she had forgotten to take her notebook.

   A. That occurred to her           B. She occurred that  

   C. To her that occurred           D. It occurred to her that

7. I am sure that _____ she said is wrong.

   A. which        B. all         C. this            D. what

8. We lost our way in the forest, and ____ made matters worse was that it was getting dark.

  A. that           B. which      C. it              D. what

9. _____ or not is still uncertain.

  A. He’s coming                 B. If he is coming     

C. That coming                 D. Whether he’s coming

10. _____ a spoonful of soil can tell us so much about the structure and early historyof the moon.

  A. Remarkable                  B. Quite remarkably   

 C. It is remarkable that            D. It is remarkable fact that

答案：

DDBDBDDDDC

宾语从句

宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。

1.作动词的宾语

（1）由that引导的宾语从句（that通常可以省略）,例如：

Iheardthatbejoinedthearmy.

（2）由what,whether（if）引导的宾语从句，例如：

Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.

Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.

（3）动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。

例如：

Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.

2.作介词的宾语，例如：

Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.

3.作形容词的宾语，例如：

Iamafraid（that）I’vemadeamistake.

注意：

that引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：

anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等。

也可以将此类词后的that从句的看作原因状语从句。

4.it可以作为形式宾语

it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。

例如：

Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.

5.后边不能直接跟that从句的动词

这类动词有allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,condemn,celebrate,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等。

这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。

如：

Iadmiretheirwinningthematch.

Iadmirethattheywonthematch.

6.不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词

有些动词不可用于“动词＋间接宾语＋that从句“结构中，常见的有envy,order,accuse,refuse,impress,forgive,blame,denounce,advise,congratulate等。

例如：

Heimpressedthemanagerasanhonestman.

Heimpressedthemanagerthathewasanhonestman.

7.否定的转移

若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。

例如：

Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。

练习：

1.Iwonder_______.

A.whetherornotI’llcatchthelastbus

B.ifornotI’llcatchthelastbus

C.thatI’llcatchthelastbusornot

D.thatI’llcatchthelastbus

2.Weallthought______apitythatwehadmissedthelesson.

A.soB.suchC.itD.that

3.Itook______forgrantedthattheywerenotcoming.

A.thatB.thisC.itD.so

4.Iheard______saidthathehadgreatconcernforhisclassmates.

A.andB.thatC.wasD.it

5.IwishI______tothefootballmatchlastnight.

A.wentB.goC.shouldgoD.hadgone

答案：

ACCDD

徐汇

Directions:

Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.revolutionized

B.tricky

C.available

D.destinations

E.competitive

F.territory

G.standard

H.processed

I.appealing

J.delivery

EveryonewhoknowsOliviaGriffithsisimpressedbyheruniquesenseofstyle.Whenevershewalksintoaroom,headsturn.HerfriendswonderhowshemanagedtogetthenewMulberryhandbagthatnoonehadthoughtwas41inAustraliayet.

ThetruthisthatOliviahasneverleftAustralia.Butwithafewclicksofhercomputermouse,shecantraveltoshopping42aroundtheworld.Onlineshoppinghas43theconsumerexperience.Withthehelpofanincreasingnumberofonlineshopsoverseas,shopperscannowpickupinterestinggoodsfromallovertheworld.

Thebiggestadvantageofshoppingonforeignwebsitesisthewiderangeofchoicesavailable.Forexample,ChineseshoppersareoftendisappointedwhenGapproductsarenotavailablelocally.Butnowit’spossibletoordertheseproductsstraightfromtheUSwithacreditcardandasmall44fee.Otherbenefitsofonlineshoppinginclude45prices.Whenitemsareboughtonlinefromothercountries,they’reoftentax-free.

However,whenyoubuythingsfromaforeignwebsite,thingscanget46too.Somakesureyoupayextraattentiontoprotectingyourrights.

Sometimesitcanbedifficulttohandleforeignwebsitesbecauseoftheunfamiliarlanguage.Forexample,theterm“shippedin1-5workingdays”canbeconfusingforChineseshoppers,asitdoesn’tclarifywhetherthisisthetimeinwhichtheproductwillarriveorthetimeittakesforittobe47.

Themethodofshippingcanalsodeterminewhetheryougetyourproductatall.Unlessyouchooseexpressorpriorityshipping,whichonlytakesafewdaystodeliverbutismoreexpensive,most48internationalshippingdoesn’tofferatrackingoption―whichmeansonceyourproductsareshippedoutsideofthecountrythere’snowayoffindingoutwheretheyare.

Thebestconsumersarethemostsensibleones.Ifyou’reinterestedinexpandingyourshopping49toforeignwebsites,makesureyoudoyourresearchbeforehandtoavoidyourmoneyandproductsbeinglostontheway.

41.C42.D43.A44.J45.E46.B47.H48.G49.F

崇明：

A.emphasize

B.shifts

C.involves

D.commits

E.findings

F.campaign

G.biological

H.increase

I.brief

J.dangers

崇明41-49:

GBAJHIFDE

PassageThree【长宁】

III.ReadingComprehension

SectionA

Directions:

ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Allovertheworld,peopleadmirethebeautyandgraceofbutterflies.Butterfliescomeineverycolorimaginable,andtheir_50___displayanincrediblevarietyofpatterns.Thelargestbutterfly,QueenAlexandra’sBirdwing,hasawingspan（翼展）ofupto280millimetersandlivesinPapuaNewGuinea.Thesmallest,theWesternPygmyBlueinthesouthernU.S.,hasawingspanofonly12millimeters.Sadly,someofthesebeautifulcreaturesarenow_51___.

Estimatesindicatethatbetween15and20thousandspeciesofbutterfliesexistaroundtheworld.Anumberofthesespeciesareendangered,over20inJapan_52___.Althoughthatnumbermayseemsmall,losingevenonespecieswouldbe_53__.Nowadaysscientistsevenlooktobutterfliesasa_54___oftheenvironment’shealth,sincetheyare_55__toenvironmentalchanges.Manyenvironmentalistsaroundtheworldareeagertoprotecttheendangeredbutterfliesfromextinction.TheAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistoryinNewYork,forexample,hasanunusualbutterflyexhibit.Thisexhibit_56__theimportantrolethatbutterfliesplayinourenvironment.

Inrecentyears,environmentalgroupshavemadesignificantprogressin_57___endangeredbutterflypopulations.GovernmentsthroughoutAsiahavepassedlawstohelpprotectendangeredwildlife,includingbutterflies.AnareacalledButterflyValleyinAssam,India,hasbecomethefocusofconscious_58___toprotectthebutterflies’habitat（栖息地）.OtherprojectsinSerbia,Japan,andCanadaarealsohopingto_59___.Someoftheseeffortsarealreadystartingtowork.ThepopulationoftheElSegundoBlueButterflyinCalifornia,forinstance,hasincreasedby8percentsince2010.

Findingacureforthebutterflycrisisis,_60___,notjustforenvironmentalgroups._61___citizenscanplantbutterflygardenstosupportandenjoythesegentlecreatures.AgroupoffemaleprisonersinBelfair,Washington,arehelpingtorescueanendangeredspeciescalledTaylor’sCheckerspot.