GRE作文笔记.docx
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GRE作文笔记
独立写作
Structure
1.Introduction50words
介绍背景
引出+表明观点(MainPoint)
制造亮点
2.Body
SubPoint1
SubPoint2
SubPoint3
3.Conclusion40words
Summary
MainPionts+supportpoint1+supportpoint2+supportpoint3
Extension
Suggestion+quotation
A+/-类题目:
1)流行事物/普遍现象利弊分析
2)提案建议
3)理由动机
4)基本价值观(写法还没研究出来,不过出现几率较低)
写法:
利弊分析
Prevalence
1)Nowdays,Ahasbecomeanintegralpartof…
2)Aplaysanindispensablerolein…
3)ThewidespreaduseofAhasbecomethehallmarkof…
4)Thereisageneral/growingtrendthat
Controversy
1)However,theopinionsaboutA’seffectson…arevaried.
2)However,Ahasgivenrisetoconsiderable/significant/tremendous/enormouscontroversyamongmanypeople.
Statement
Ithasbeenargued/suggestedthat+Paraphrasedtopic
I(dis)agreewiththeopinion.Accordingtome,Mainpoint
Question
Thequestionhasbeenraised/Thequestionremainsunanswered/Ican’thelpbutwondering,“paraphrasedtopic?
”
Myanswerisyes/no.Accordingtome,Mainpoint
I(dis)agreewiththeopinion.Accordingtome,Mainpoint
提案建议
Prpblem
Nowadays,…hasposed/presentedaserious/graveproblem/challengetothegovernment/authorities.
Proposed
Todealwith/addresstheproblem/situation,ithasbeenproposedthat+paraphrasedtopic
Question
Thequestionhasbeenraised,“Isitasoundandviableplan/proposal”
Theanswerisyes/no.Accordingtome,…
动机理由
Prevalence
同上
Deterrent(A-)
Consideringthefactthat…
Question
同上
Ibelievethreereasonscanbeprovided
论证方法:
绝对性论证
MainPoint
A+
Myanswerisabsolutelyyes/no.Accordingtome,
1)Abrings/providestremendousbenefitsto…
2)Ahaspositiveeffects/impactson…
3)…canbenefitconsiderably/tremendouslyfromA
A-
Myanswerisabsolutelyyes/no.Accordingtome,
1)Acausesconsiderableharmto…
2)Ahasnegativeimpactson…
3)Ahasseriouslyundesirableconsequencesfor…
4)Aaffects…adversely
SubPoints
A+1/A-1,first,…
A+2/A-2,secondly,…
A+3/A-3,thirdly,…
Conclusion
Summary
Inshort/Inanutshell,MainPoint+SupportPoint
Extension
1)Asaresult,itisadvisablefor…todo…toecploitA’sbenefitstothefullestextent/tosafeguard…againstA’snegativeeffects.
2)Therefore,itisstronglyrecommendedthat…shoulddo…
让步性写法
承认有不利于己方观点的理由,质疑/驳斥/削弱这些理由
MainPoint
(A+>A-)
Myanswerisbasicallyyes/no.Essentially/Bylarge/Inmostcases,Ahaspositiveeffectsalthoughitmighthaveundesirableconsequencesundercertaincircumstances/insomecases.
SubPoints
A+1
A+2
A+3
A-1Admittedly/Granted/Iconcedethat,Amighthavesomenegativeeffectsundercertaincircumstances.Forinstance,A-.However,aslongas/since/consideringthefactthat…,itissafetosaythatthebenefitsofAoutweighitsnegativeeffects.
如何对不利于己方的理由进行质疑/驳斥/削弱
1,提出解决措施(使用最多)
P93
Admittedly,…obesity.However,aslongasparentsstrictlycontrolchildren’stelevisiontimeandurgethemtohavemorephysicalexercise,itissafetosaythat…
2008-2-23
Admittedly,…virus/spam/trafficjams.However,…technology(antivirussoftware)andmoreeffectiveregulationsandlaws(anti-spamregulations),itissafetosaythat…
2,无法实现
Admittedly,childrenlearnscientificfacts…However,sincechildrenwillconsidereducationalandseriousprogramsboring,itissafetosaythat…
3,转化为对立面
07-1-13DailyHomework
Admittedly,…stress.However,aslongasparentsteachthemstress-dealingskills,…
4,对自己不起作用(AB类题目)
Admittedly,Bmighthavesomerelativeadvantages.forinstance,B+.However,aslongas…itissafetosayAisasuperiorchoice.
5,微不足道
07-12-1Freepublictransportation
Admittedly,…crowdedness.However,afterbalancingalltheprosandcons,itissafetosay…
6,少数情况
Admittedly,insomecases,nevergivingupisnotadvisable…However,inmostcases,nevergivinguppaysback.
Casebycase写法
MainPoint
Myanswer/mystanceshouldbedeterminedonacase-by-casebasis
Subpoints
Case1(A+),when…/Ifitis…beingdiscussed,then…
Case2(A-),同上
Conclusion
Inshort,whether…dependson…Ifcase1,A+.Ifcase2,A-.
改进型论证
Questions
Isitaviableplan?
Mainpoint
Myanswerisno.Accordingtome,itismoreadvisableto…
Subpoints
Firstandformost,…A+
Ontheonehand,A+.Ontheotherhand,…A-.
详细例题见P111
AB类题目
1,personalpreference
2,non-personalpreference
3,relativeimportanceIsAmoreimportantthanB?
4,est最高级类题如Doyouagreewiththefollowingstatement?
Parentsarethebestteacheroftheirchildren.
绝对性论证
Choices
1)Nowadays,withtheimprovingofthelivingstandardsandtheadvancingoftechnology,theoptions/choices/ways/typesof…havebecomemorethaneverbefore
2)Nowadays,peoplefindthemselvesconfrontedwithvariousoptions/choices/ways/typesof…
Questions
Thequestionhasbeenraised,“Whichisthebetter…?
AorB?
”
Mainpoint
AsfarasIamconcerned/Personally,Aisasuperior/moreappealing/preferablechoice/option.
Subpoints
A+1Firstly,…
A+2B-2Secondly,…Incontrast,…
A+3B-3Thirdly,…Incontrast,…
B-4Lastbutnotleast,…
Conclusion
Summary
Inconclusion,AissuperiortoB.A+.Incomparison,B-.Thus,Aismypreferablechoice.
Extension
可做可不做
让步性论证
Subpoints
A+1B-1
A+2B-2
让步A-Admittedly/Granted/Iconcedethat,Amighthavesomedrawbacks/disadvantages.Forinstance,A-.However,aslongas/since/consideringthefactthat…ItissafetosayAisasuperiorchoice/IstillbelieveAsuitsmebetter.
让步B+Admittedly,Bmighthavesomerelativeadvantages.Forinstance,B+.However,aslongas…,itissafetosayAisasuperiorchoice.
改进型论证
Choices
Questions
Thequestionis,“Amongthese,isAthebest/mostimportant/mosteffective/mostinfluential?
”
Mainpoint
ThewayIseeit,Aplaysanimportantrolein/haspositiveeffectson…,butitisnotnecessarilythebest/mosteffective…
Subpoints
A+1Firstandformost,Aplaysanimportantrolein…
A+2
Balance
Ontheonehand,Apalysasignificantrolein…aswehavediscussedabove.Ontheotherhand,tosaythatitisthebest/mosteffective…underanycircumstances/inallcasesseemstobeanoverstatement/exaggeration/absurd.
A-Insomecases,Amighthavesomenegativeeffects.
B+AndcompariedwithA,otherfactorsplayanolessorevengreaterrolein…
Casebycase论证
Choices
Questions
Thequestionis,“Whichisthebetter…AorB?
”
Mainpoint
Ibelievetheanswershouldbedeterminedonacase-by-casebasis
Subpoints
Case1When…/Ifitis…beingdiscussed,thenAisasuperiorchoice.A+/B-
Case2When…/Ifitis…thatwearetalkingabout,thenBismoreadvisable.A-/B+
中立性论证
Question
Thequestionhasbeenraised,“ShouldpeopleattachmoreimportancetoAthantoB?
”
Mainpoint
Myansweisno.BecauseAandBareequallyimportantaspects/purposes/mattersof/for
Subpoints
A+ontheonehand,Aplaysanimportantrolein…
B+ontheotherhand,Bisofvitalimportantto…
Conclusion
Inshort,itisimpossibletodeterminetherelativeimportanceofAandB.Thus,itisadvisablefor…toattachequalimportance/giveequalprioritytobothofthem.
制造亮点
Createquotation(放在Question后)
1,拼音+explanation
Wangcai,oneofthegreatest/leading/mostinfluentialChinesephilosophers/scholars/writers/statemeninthe20thcentury,commented,“…”
2,subtlybiased(不要编的太刻意,否则太假)
Simile
Metaphor
3,variety
Smaple
1,Confucius,thegreatestChinesephilosopher,commented,“…”
2,Aneditorial/columnpublishedintheChinaDailyclaimed,“…”
3,IrememberMr/Miss/MrsWangLei,myfavoriteenglishteacherinhighschool,hasacatchphrase,“…”
Ibelievehis/herwordsanswertheabovequestion(She/hehaditright)+Mainpoint.
Develop
避免:
1)过宽,过窄的观点
2)抽象→要用具体例子支持
3)中立事实(利弊类题目)→要利弊分析
利弊分析角度:
1)Expensive/morecost/costly/exorbitant/imposeafinancialburdenontaxpayerandcitizens
Cheap/lesscost/economical/costeffective
2)Timesaving
Timeconsuming
3)safe/lessrisk
Dangerous/greaterrisks/physicalinjuries/accidents/crimes/financiallosses
4)improvehealth→physicalexercise→Aproperamountofphysicalexerciseimprovemuscularandbonedevelopment,strength,enduranceandflexibility.
Underminehealth→
i.Reducephysicalexercisecouldleadtoanexcessively/overlysedentarylifestyle.
ii.Heightentheriskofvariousdisease.Egobesity,hypertensionandTypeIIdiabetes.
5)hygienic
Unhygienic→heighteintherisksofbacteria,diseasesorinfections
6)incentive
Provideanincentivefor…,improvingefficiencyandperformance.
Hardwork→reward:
topscores,positiveevaluation
Slackness→punishment:
poorscores,negativeevaluation
7)excessivestress/relievestress
Createexcessivestress,leadingtoanxietyanddepression,whichhaveanegativeeffectonperformanceandhealth.
Provideatemporaryescapefromtheday-to-daylife/stressfulacademiclife.
8)provideinformation
a)Provideagreatdealof/abundantinformationabouthistory,mature,scienceandart,foreignculture.
i.Up-to-dateinformation
ii.Time-savingwayofacquiringinformation
iii.Abundantinformation
iv.Effectivewayofacquiringinformation
b)Fosterlifeskills
i.Communicationskills
ii.Organizing/planningskills
iii.Leadership
c)Teachpeopleaboutlife
i.Educatepeopleaboutimportantmorals,principlesandvalues.
ii.Haveacharacter-buildingeffect
iii.Persistanceoptimismintegrity
9)improveacademicperformances
Damageacademicperformances
Improveconcentrationlevels
Provideinformationinaninterestingandeffectivewayandsupplementschooleducation.
Distractstudentsfromstudies
Consumetimeandenergyforstudies
10)buildingpersonalrelationship
Allowpeopleto