GRE作文笔记.docx

GRE作文笔记.docx

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GRE作文笔记

独立写作

Structure

1.Introduction50words

介绍背景

引出+表明观点（MainPoint）

制造亮点

2.Body

SubPoint1

SubPoint2

SubPoint3

3.Conclusion40words

Summary

MainPionts+supportpoint1+supportpoint2+supportpoint3

Extension

Suggestion+quotation

A+/-类题目:

1）流行事物/普遍现象利弊分析

2）提案建议

3）理由动机

4）基本价值观（写法还没研究出来，不过出现几率较低）

写法：

利弊分析

Prevalence

1）Nowdays,Ahasbecomeanintegralpartof…

2）Aplaysanindispensablerolein…

3）ThewidespreaduseofAhasbecomethehallmarkof…

4）Thereisageneral/growingtrendthat

Controversy

1）However,theopinionsaboutA’seffectson…arevaried.

2）However,Ahasgivenrisetoconsiderable/significant/tremendous/enormouscontroversyamongmanypeople.

Statement

Ithasbeenargued/suggestedthat+Paraphrasedtopic

I（dis）agreewiththeopinion.Accordingtome,Mainpoint

Question

Thequestionhasbeenraised/Thequestionremainsunanswered/Ican’thelpbutwondering,“paraphrasedtopic?

”

Myanswerisyes/no.Accordingtome,Mainpoint

I（dis）agreewiththeopinion.Accordingtome,Mainpoint

提案建议

Prpblem

Nowadays,…hasposed/presentedaserious/graveproblem/challengetothegovernment/authorities.

Proposed

Todealwith/addresstheproblem/situation,ithasbeenproposedthat+paraphrasedtopic

Question

Thequestionhasbeenraised,“Isitasoundandviableplan/proposal”

Theanswerisyes/no.Accordingtome,…

动机理由

Prevalence

同上

Deterrent（A-）

Consideringthefactthat…

Question

同上

Ibelievethreereasonscanbeprovided

论证方法：

绝对性论证

MainPoint

A+

Myanswerisabsolutelyyes/no.Accordingtome,

1）Abrings/providestremendousbenefitsto…

2）Ahaspositiveeffects/impactson…

3）…canbenefitconsiderably/tremendouslyfromA

A-

Myanswerisabsolutelyyes/no.Accordingtome,

1）Acausesconsiderableharmto…

2）Ahasnegativeimpactson…

3）Ahasseriouslyundesirableconsequencesfor…

4）Aaffects…adversely

SubPoints

A+1/A-1,first,…

A+2/A-2,secondly,…

A+3/A-3,thirdly,…

Conclusion

Summary

Inshort/Inanutshell,MainPoint+SupportPoint

Extension

1）Asaresult,itisadvisablefor…todo…toecploitA’sbenefitstothefullestextent/tosafeguard…againstA’snegativeeffects.

2）Therefore,itisstronglyrecommendedthat…shoulddo…

让步性写法

承认有不利于己方观点的理由，质疑/驳斥/削弱这些理由

MainPoint

（A+>A-）

Myanswerisbasicallyyes/no.Essentially/Bylarge/Inmostcases,Ahaspositiveeffectsalthoughitmighthaveundesirableconsequencesundercertaincircumstances/insomecases.

SubPoints

A+1

A+2

A+3

A-1Admittedly/Granted/Iconcedethat,Amighthavesomenegativeeffectsundercertaincircumstances.Forinstance,A-.However,aslongas/since/consideringthefactthat…,itissafetosaythatthebenefitsofAoutweighitsnegativeeffects.

如何对不利于己方的理由进行质疑/驳斥/削弱

1，提出解决措施（使用最多）

P93

Admittedly,…obesity.However,aslongasparentsstrictlycontrolchildren’stelevisiontimeandurgethemtohavemorephysicalexercise,itissafetosaythat…

2008-2-23

Admittedly,…virus/spam/trafficjams.However,…technology（antivirussoftware）andmoreeffectiveregulationsandlaws（anti-spamregulations）,itissafetosaythat…

2，无法实现

Admittedly,childrenlearnscientificfacts…However,sincechildrenwillconsidereducationalandseriousprogramsboring,itissafetosaythat…

3，转化为对立面

07-1-13DailyHomework

Admittedly,…stress.However,aslongasparentsteachthemstress-dealingskills,…

4,对自己不起作用（AB类题目）

Admittedly,Bmighthavesomerelativeadvantages.forinstance,B+.However,aslongas…itissafetosayAisasuperiorchoice.

5,微不足道

07-12-1Freepublictransportation

Admittedly,…crowdedness.However,afterbalancingalltheprosandcons,itissafetosay…

6,少数情况

Admittedly,insomecases,nevergivingupisnotadvisable…However,inmostcases,nevergivinguppaysback.

Casebycase写法

MainPoint

Myanswer/mystanceshouldbedeterminedonacase-by-casebasis

Subpoints

Case1（A+）,when…/Ifitis…beingdiscussed,then…

Case2（A-）,同上

Conclusion

Inshort,whether…dependson…Ifcase1,A+.Ifcase2,A-.

改进型论证

Questions

Isitaviableplan?

Mainpoint

Myanswerisno.Accordingtome,itismoreadvisableto…

Subpoints

Firstandformost,…A+

Ontheonehand,A+.Ontheotherhand,…A-.

详细例题见P111

AB类题目

1,personalpreference

2,non-personalpreference

3,relativeimportanceIsAmoreimportantthanB?

4,est最高级类题如Doyouagreewiththefollowingstatement?

Parentsarethebestteacheroftheirchildren.

绝对性论证

Choices

1）Nowadays,withtheimprovingofthelivingstandardsandtheadvancingoftechnology,theoptions/choices/ways/typesof…havebecomemorethaneverbefore

2）Nowadays,peoplefindthemselvesconfrontedwithvariousoptions/choices/ways/typesof…

Questions

Thequestionhasbeenraised,“Whichisthebetter…?

AorB?

”

Mainpoint

AsfarasIamconcerned/Personally,Aisasuperior/moreappealing/preferablechoice/option.

Subpoints

A+1Firstly,…

A+2B-2Secondly,…Incontrast,…

A+3B-3Thirdly,…Incontrast,…

B-4Lastbutnotleast,…

Conclusion

Summary

Inconclusion,AissuperiortoB.A+.Incomparison,B-.Thus,Aismypreferablechoice.

Extension

可做可不做

让步性论证

Subpoints

A+1B-1

A+2B-2

让步A-Admittedly/Granted/Iconcedethat,Amighthavesomedrawbacks/disadvantages.Forinstance,A-.However,aslongas/since/consideringthefactthat…ItissafetosayAisasuperiorchoice/IstillbelieveAsuitsmebetter.

让步B+Admittedly,Bmighthavesomerelativeadvantages.Forinstance,B+.However,aslongas…,itissafetosayAisasuperiorchoice.

改进型论证

Choices

Questions

Thequestionis,“Amongthese,isAthebest/mostimportant/mosteffective/mostinfluential?

”

Mainpoint

ThewayIseeit,Aplaysanimportantrolein/haspositiveeffectson…,butitisnotnecessarilythebest/mosteffective…

Subpoints

A+1Firstandformost,Aplaysanimportantrolein…

A+2

Balance

Ontheonehand,Apalysasignificantrolein…aswehavediscussedabove.Ontheotherhand,tosaythatitisthebest/mosteffective…underanycircumstances/inallcasesseemstobeanoverstatement/exaggeration/absurd.

A-Insomecases,Amighthavesomenegativeeffects.

B+AndcompariedwithA,otherfactorsplayanolessorevengreaterrolein…

Casebycase论证

Choices

Questions

Thequestionis,“Whichisthebetter…AorB?

”

Mainpoint

Ibelievetheanswershouldbedeterminedonacase-by-casebasis

Subpoints

Case1When…/Ifitis…beingdiscussed,thenAisasuperiorchoice.A+/B-

Case2When…/Ifitis…thatwearetalkingabout,thenBismoreadvisable.A-/B+

中立性论证

Question

Thequestionhasbeenraised,“ShouldpeopleattachmoreimportancetoAthantoB?

”

Mainpoint

Myansweisno.BecauseAandBareequallyimportantaspects/purposes/mattersof/for

Subpoints

A+ontheonehand,Aplaysanimportantrolein…

B+ontheotherhand,Bisofvitalimportantto…

Conclusion

Inshort,itisimpossibletodeterminetherelativeimportanceofAandB.Thus,itisadvisablefor…toattachequalimportance/giveequalprioritytobothofthem.

制造亮点

Createquotation（放在Question后）

1,拼音+explanation

Wangcai,oneofthegreatest/leading/mostinfluentialChinesephilosophers/scholars/writers/statemeninthe20thcentury,commented,“…”

2,subtlybiased（不要编的太刻意，否则太假）

Simile

Metaphor

3,variety

Smaple

1,Confucius,thegreatestChinesephilosopher,commented,“…”

2,Aneditorial/columnpublishedintheChinaDailyclaimed,“…”

3,IrememberMr/Miss/MrsWangLei,myfavoriteenglishteacherinhighschool,hasacatchphrase,“…”

Ibelievehis/herwordsanswertheabovequestion（She/hehaditright）+Mainpoint.

Develop

避免：

1）过宽，过窄的观点

2）抽象→要用具体例子支持

3）中立事实（利弊类题目）→要利弊分析

利弊分析角度：

1）Expensive/morecost/costly/exorbitant/imposeafinancialburdenontaxpayerandcitizens

Cheap/lesscost/economical/costeffective

2）Timesaving

Timeconsuming

3）safe/lessrisk

Dangerous/greaterrisks/physicalinjuries/accidents/crimes/financiallosses

4）improvehealth→physicalexercise→Aproperamountofphysicalexerciseimprovemuscularandbonedevelopment,strength,enduranceandflexibility.

Underminehealth→

i.Reducephysicalexercisecouldleadtoanexcessively/overlysedentarylifestyle.

ii.Heightentheriskofvariousdisease.Egobesity,hypertensionandTypeIIdiabetes.

5）hygienic

Unhygienic→heighteintherisksofbacteria,diseasesorinfections

6）incentive

Provideanincentivefor…,improvingefficiencyandperformance.

Hardwork→reward:

topscores,positiveevaluation

Slackness→punishment:

poorscores,negativeevaluation

7）excessivestress/relievestress

Createexcessivestress,leadingtoanxietyanddepression,whichhaveanegativeeffectonperformanceandhealth.

Provideatemporaryescapefromtheday-to-daylife/stressfulacademiclife.

8）provideinformation

a）Provideagreatdealof/abundantinformationabouthistory,mature,scienceandart,foreignculture.

i.Up-to-dateinformation

ii.Time-savingwayofacquiringinformation

iii.Abundantinformation

iv.Effectivewayofacquiringinformation

b）Fosterlifeskills

i.Communicationskills

ii.Organizing/planningskills

iii.Leadership

c）Teachpeopleaboutlife

i.Educatepeopleaboutimportantmorals,principlesandvalues.

ii.Haveacharacter-buildingeffect

iii.Persistanceoptimismintegrity

9）improveacademicperformances

Damageacademicperformances

Improveconcentrationlevels

Provideinformationinaninterestingandeffectivewayandsupplementschooleducation.

Distractstudentsfromstudies

Consumetimeandenergyforstudies

10）buildingpersonalrelationship

Allowpeopleto