高考英语二轮复习 第一部分 阅读理解篇 专题1 阅读理解 第3讲 主旨大意类练案doc.docx

高考英语二轮复习 第一部分 阅读理解篇 专题1 阅读理解 第3讲 主旨大意类练案doc.docx

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高考英语二轮复习第一部分阅读理解篇专题1阅读理解第3讲主旨大意类练案doc

2019年高考英语二轮复习第一部分阅读理解篇专题1阅读理解第3讲主旨大意类练案

真题验证

题　　组　　一

（2017·全国Ⅲ，D）

TheIntelligentTransportteamatNewcastleUniversityhaveturnedanelectriccarintoamobilelaboratorynamed“DriveLAB”inordertounderstandthechallengesfacedbyolderdriversandtodiscoverwherethekeystresspointsare.

Researchshowsthatgivingupdrivingisoneofthekeyreasonsforafallinhealthandwell－beingamongolderpeople,leadingtothembecomingmoreisolated（隔绝）andinactive.

LedbyProfessorPhilBlythe,theNewcastleteamaredevelopingin－vehicletechnologiesforolderdriverswhichtheyhopecouldhelpthemtocontinuedrivingintolaterlife.

Theseincludecustom－madenavigation（导航）tools,nightvisionsystemsandintelligentspeedadaptations.PhilBlytheexplains:

“Formanyolderpeople,particularlythoselivingaloneorinthecountry,drivingisimportantforpreservingtheirindependence,givingthemthefreedomtogetoutandaboutwithouthavingtorelyonothers.”

“Butweallhavetoacceptthataswegetolderourreactionsslowdownandthisoftenresultsinpeopleavoidinganypotentiallychallengingdrivingconditionsandlosingconfidenceintheirdrivingskills.Theresultisthatpeoplestopdrivingbeforetheyreallyneedto.”

DrAmyGuo,theleadingresearcherontheolderdriverstudy,explains:

“TheDriveLABishelpingustounderstandwhatthekeypointsanddifficultiesareforolderdriversandhowwemightusetechnologytoaddresstheseproblems.

”Forexample,mostofuswouldexpectolderdriversalwaysgoslowerthaneveryoneelsebutsurprisingly,wefoundthatin30mphzonestheystruggledtokeepataconstantspeedandsoweremorelikelytobreakthespeedlimitandbeatriskofgettingfined.We'relookingatthebenefitsofsystemswhichcontroltheirspeedasawayofpreventingthat.

“Wehopethatourworkwillhelpwithtechnologicalsolutions（解决方案）toensurethatolderdriversstaysaferbehindthewheel.”

文章大意：

本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍了智能交通团队建立移动实验室，研究老年人开车存在的问题和难点，帮助老年人安全驾驶。

❶　WhatisthepurposeoftheDriveLAB？

____C____

A．Toexplorenewmeansoftransport.

B．Todesignnewtypesofcars.

C．Tofindoutolderdriver'sproblems.

D．Toteachpeopletrafficrules.

解析：

考查推理判断。

根据第一段最后一句中的“inordertounderstandthechallengesfacedbyolderdriversandtodiscoverwherethekeystresspointsare”可知，建立实验室的目的是要找出老年人开车有困难的地方，故选C。

❷　WhyisdrivingimportantforolderpeopleaccordingtoPhilBlythe？

____A____

A．Itkeepsthemindependent.

B．Ithelpsthemsavetime.

C．Itbuildsuptheirstrength.

D．Itcurestheirmentalillnesses.

解析：

考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“Formanyolderpeople，particularlythoselivingaloneorinthecountry，drivingisimportantforpreservingtheirindependence，givingthemthefreedomtogetoutandaboutwithouthavingtorelyonothers”可知，对于老年人来说，开车对保持他们生活的独立性至关重要，故选A。

❸　Whatdoresearchershopetodoforolderdrivers？

____B____

A．Improvetheirdrivingskills.

B．Developdriver－assisttechnologies.

C．Providetipsonrepairingtheircars.

D．Organizeregularphysicalcheckups.

解析：

考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“theNewcastleteamaredevelopingin—vehicletechnologiesforolderdriverswhichtheyhopecouldhelpthemtocontinuedrivingintolaterlife”可知，研究者正在研发车载式的技术以帮助老年人晚年依然能开车，故选B。

❹　Whatisthebesttitleforthetext？

____D____

A．AnewModelElectricCar

B．ASolutiontoTrafficProblems

C．DrivingServicesforElders

D．KeepingOlderDriversontheRoad

解析：

考查标题判断。

本文的关键词是老年人驾车，重点讲述了为了让他们安全驾车所进行的研究。

故选D。

（2017·天津，A）

Supposeyou'reinarush,feelingtired,notpayingattentiontoyourscreen,andyousendanemailthatcouldgetyouintrouble.

Realisationwillprobablysetinsecondsafteryou'veclicked“send”.Youfreezeinhorrorandburnwithshame.

Whattodo?

Herearefourcommonemailaccidents,andhowtorecover.

Clicking“send”toosoon

Don'twasteyourtimetryingtofindoutifthereceiverhasreadityet.Writeanotheremailasswiftlyasyoucanandsenditwithabrieftitleexplainingthatthisisthecorrectversionandthepreviousversionshouldbeignored.

Writingthewrongname

Thesooneryounotice,thebetter.Respondquicklyandbriefly,apologisingforyourmistake.Keepthetonemeasured:

don'thandleittoolightly,aspeoplecanbeoffended,especiallyifyourerrorsuggestsamisunderstandingoftheirculture（i.e.incorrectorderingofChinesenames）．

Clicking“replyall”unintentionally

Youaccidentallyreveal（透露）totheentirecompanywhatmenuchoicesyouwouldpreferatthestaffChristmasdinner,orwhatholidayyou'dliketotake.Inthisinstance,thebestsolutionistosendaquick,light－heartedapologytoexplainyourawkwardness.Butitcanquicklyrisetosomethingworse,wheneveryonestartshitting“replyall”tojoininalongandunpleasantconversation.Inthisinstance,stepawayfromyourkeyboardtoalloweveryonetocalmdown.

Sendinganoffensivemessagetoitssubject

Themostawkwardemailmistakeisusuallycommittedinanger.Youwriteanunkindmessageaboutsomeone,intendingtosendittoafriend,butaccidentallysendittothepersonyou'rediscussing.Inthatcase,asktospeakinpersonassoonaspossibleandsaysorry.Explainyourfrustrationscalmlyandsensibly—seeitasanopportunitytoclearupanydifficultiesyoumayhavewiththisperson.

文章大意：

这是一篇应用文。

匆忙之中或心不在焉时发送电子邮件出现错误怎么办？

比如，邮件还没写好就发送了，把收件人的名字拼写错了，个人邮件被你误发给了所有人，或者把埋怨的邮件误发给了被你吐槽的那个人。

本文告诉我们出现这些情况时我们该如何补救。

❺　Afterrealisinganemailaccident,youarelikelytofeel____C____.

A．curious　　　　　B.tired

C.awfulD.funny

解析：

考查细节理解。

根据题干中的“realisinganemailaccident”可把答案定位在第二段。

该段说，在你点击“发送”数秒钟之后你就会意识到自己的错误，结合下文的“freezeinhorrorandburnwithshame”可知，人们意识到“邮件事故”后，可能会感觉糟糕，因此选C。

❻　Ifyouhavewrittenthewrongnameinanemail,itisbestto____A____.

A．apologiseinaseriousmanner

B．tellthereceivertoignoretheerror

C．learntowritethenamecorrectly

D．sendashortnoticetoeveryone

解析：

考查细节理解。

根据题干中的“writtenthewrongname”可把答案定位在第五段，该部分提出建议说，此时赶紧给对方发一个简短的回复，为自己的错误道歉（apologisingforyourmistake），而且要注意道歉的语调（don'thandleittoolightly），这与A项的陈述是一致的。

❼　Whatshouldyoudowhenanunpleasantconversationisstartedbyyour“replyall”email？

____B____

A．Tryofferingotherchoices.

B．Avoidfurtherinvolvement.

C．Meetotherstaffmembers.

D．Makealight－heartedapology.

解析：

考查细节理解。

根据题干的内容可把答案定位至第六段，这部分提到，如果你不小心点了“回复所有人”，可能有人会就此开始回复不太友好的话，此时你最好离开电脑键盘（stepawayfromyourkeyboard），以便让大家都冷静下来。

这与B项的陈述相吻合，表示“避免继续卷入（这样的对话）”。

❽　Howshouldyoudealwiththeproblemcausedbyanoffensiveemail？

____D____

A．Bypromisingnottooffendthereceiveragain.

B．Byseekingsupportfromthereceiver'sfriends.

C．Byaskingthereceivertocontrolhisanger.

D．Bytalkingtothereceiverfacetoface.

解析：

考查细节理解。

根据题干中的“offensiveemail”可把答案定位在最后一段。

这部分提到，在出现冒犯对方的情况时，要尽快亲自向对方道歉。

故选D。

❾　Whatisthepassagemainlyabout？

____C____

A．Definingemailerrors.

B．Reducingemailmistakes.

C．Handlingemailaccidents.

D．Improvingemailwriting.

解析：

考查主旨要义。

通读全文，尤其是第三段的内容可知，本文主要介绍的是发送电子邮件出现问题时人们该如何面对和补救，因此C项最能概括本文的主题。

（2017·浙江，A）

BenjaminWest,thefatherofAmericanpainting,showedhistalentforartwhenhewasonlysixyearsofage.Buthedidnotknowaboutbrushesbeforeavisitortoldhimheneededone.Inthosedays,abrushwasmadefromcamel'shair.Therewerenocamelsnearby.Benjamindecidedthatcathairwouldworkinstead.Hecutsomefurfromthefamilycattomakeabrush.

Thebrushdidnotlastlong.SoonBenjaminneededmorefur.Beforelong,thecatbegantolookragged（蓬乱）.Hisfathersaidthatthecatmustbesick.Benjaminwasforcedtoadmitwhathehadbeendoing.

__The_cat's_lot_was_about_to_improve.__Thatyear,oneofBenjamin'scousins,Mr.Pennington,cametovisit.HewasimpressedwithBenjamin'sdrawings.Whenhewenthome,hesentBenjaminaboxofpaintandsomebrushes.Healsosentsixengravings（版画）byanartist.ThesewerethefirstpicturesandfirstrealpaintandbrushesBenjaminhadeverseen.

In1747，whenBenjaminwasnineyearsold，Mr.Penningtonreturnedforanothervisit.HewasamazedatwhatBenjaminhaddonewithhisgift.HeaskedBenjamin'sparentsifhemighttaketheboybacktoPhiladelphiaforavisit.

Inthecity,Mr.PenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings.Theboybeganalandscape（风景）painting.WilliamWilliams,awell－knownpainter,cametoseehimwork.WilliamswasimpressedwithBenjaminandgavehimtwoclassicbooksonpaintingtotakehome.Thebookswerelonganddull.Benjamincouldreadonlyalittle,havingbeenapoorstudent.Buthelatersaid,“Thosetwobooksweremycompanionsbyday,andundermypillowatnight.”Whileitislikelythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks,theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings.Thenine－year－oldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.

文章大意：

本文是一篇记叙文。

文章讲述了美国著名艺术家本杰明·韦斯特是如何开始他的艺术生涯的。

　Whatisthetextmainlyabout？

____C____

A．Benjamin'svisittoPhiladelphia.

B．Williams'influenceonBenjamin.

C．ThebeginningofBenjamin'slifeasanartist.

D．ThefriendshipbetweenBenjaminandPennington.

解析：

主旨大意题。

文章从本杰明在六岁时自制画笔作画写起，到后来利用专业工具作画，再到知名画家送给本杰明书籍，都是在讲述本杰明是如何一步步走上艺术之路的。

故选C。

　Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph3suggest？

____D____

A．Thecatwouldbecloselywatched.

B．Thecatwouldgetsomemedicalcare.

C．Benjaminwouldleavehishomeshortly.

D．Benjaminwouldhaverealbrushessoon.

解析：

推理判断题。

由前文可知，本杰明在没有专业画笔之前是用猫的毛制作画笔的。

画线句的字面意思是“猫的命运将会得到改善”。

由该段后文可知，本杰明的表兄送给了他专业的颜料和画笔。

由此可推知D项与画线句的意思相符。

　WhatdidPenningtondotohelpBenjamindevelophistalent？

____B____

A．Hetookhimtoseepaintingexhibitions.

B．Heprovidedhimwithpaintingmaterials.

C．HesenthimtoaschoolinPhiladelphia.

D．Hetaughthimhowtomakeengravings.

解析：

细节理解题。

短文第四段提到“HewasamazedatwhatBenjaminhaddonewith