巴朗词表速记9对比记忆词汇.docx
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巴朗词表速记9对比记忆词汇
巴朗词表速记(9)对比记忆词汇
愿达语言培训中心MrGRE
frombbs.yuanda.org
(有网友建议将此文打包上传,可惜本人尚未整理完,整理完后一定照办)
下列词汇具有成双成对(或成组)的特性,放在一起记忆,效果极佳。
注意这些词对在形态或语义上相近或相反。
adept—inept
adept
ADJ.expertat.
Shewasadeptatthefineartofirritatingpeople,alsoN.
inept
ADJ.lackingskill;unsuited;incompetent.
Theineptglovemakerwasallthumbs.
ineptness,N.
构词:
ept=clever
ameliorate—deteriorate
ameliorate
v.improve.
Manysocialworkershaveattemptedtoamelioratetheconditionsofpeoplelivingintheslums.
deteriorate
v.growworse
此词不在原词表中
apogee—perigee
apogee
N.highestpoint.
Whenthemooninitsorbitisfurthestawayfromtheearth,itisatitsapogee.
perigee
N.pointofmoon’sorbitwhenitisnearesttheearth.
Therocketwhichwasdesignedtotakephotographsofthemoonwaslaunchedasthemoonapproacheditsperigee.
arduous—assiduous
arduous
ADJ.hard;strenuous.
Herarduouseffortshadsappedherenergy.
assiduous
ADJ.diligent.
IttookRembrandtweeksofassiduouslaborbeforehewassatisfiedwithhisportraitofhisson.
构词:
as(to)+sid(sit)+ous(adj.).
比较:
sediment,sedentarylife
(请注意两词的区别:
StudyingBarron’swordlistisanarduousjob,whichrequiresyoutobeassiduous.)
bourgeois—proletarian
bourgeois
ADJ.middleclass;selfishlymaterialistic;dullyconventional.
Technically,anyonewhobelongstothemiddleclassisbourgeois,but,giventheword’sconnotations,mostpeopleresentitifyoucallthemthat.
构词:
bourg(town)+eois(people)
proletarian
N.memberoftheworkingclass;bluecollarguy.
“Workersoftheworld,unite!
Youhavenothingtolosebutyourchains”isaddressedtoproletarians,notpreppies,alsoADJ.
proletariat,N.
cede—annex
cede
v.yield(title,territory)to;surrenderformally.
EventuallythedescendantsofEngland’sHenryIIwereforcedtocedetheirFrenchterritoriestotheKingofFrance.
cession,N.
annex
v.attach;takepossessionof.
MexicoobjectedtotheUnitedStates’attemptstoannextheterritorythatlaterbecamethestateofTexas.
构词:
an(to)+nex(connect)
concave—convex
concave
ADJ.hollow.
Theback-packersfoundpartialshelterfromthestormbyhuddlingagainsttheconcavewallofthecliff.
convex
ADJ.curvingoutward.
Shepolishedtheconvexlens,ofhertelescope.
covert—overt
covert
ADJ.secret;hidden;implied.
InvestigationsoftheCentralIntelligenceAgencyandothersecretservicenetworksrevealthatsuchcovertoperationscangetoutofcontrol.
overt
ADJ.opentoview.
AccordingtotheUnitedStatesConstitution,apersonmustcommitanovertactbeforehemaybetriedfortreason.
crass—crude
crass
ADJ.veryunrefined;grosslyinsensible.
Thefilmcriticdeploredthecrasscommercialismofmovie-makerswhoabandonartisticstandardsinordertomakeaquickbuck.
crude
adj.unrefined;raw.
crudeoil.
此词不在原词表中
deleterious—instrumental
deleterious
ADJ.harmful.
Ifyoubelievethatsmokingisdeleterioustoyourhealth(andtheSurgeonGeneralsurelydoes),thenquit!
instrumental
adj.implemental;helpful
Thefirewasinstrumentalinbakingthemudintoporcelain.
此词不在原词表中
deranged—arranged
deranged
ADJ.insane.
Hehadtobeinstitutionalizedbecausehewasderanged.
arranged
adj.beinginorder,prepared.
此词不在原词表中
detached—attached
detached
ADJ.emotionallyremoved;calmandobjective;physicallyseparate.
Apsychoanalystmustmaintainadetachedpointofviewandstayuninvolvedwithherpatients’personallives.
Toachildgrowingupinanapartmentorarowhouse,toliveinadetachedhousewasanunattainabledream.
detachment,N.
attached
adj.connectedasanadjunctorassociatedconditionorpart
此词不在原词表中
detrimental—instrumental
detrimental
ADJ.harmful;damaging.
Thecandidate’sacceptanceofmajorfinancialcontributionsfromawell-knownracistultimatelyproveddetrimentaltohiscampaign,forhelostthebackingofmanyofhisearlygrassrootssupporters.
detriment,N.
instrumental
adj.implemental;helpful
Thefirewasinstrumentalinbakingthemudintoporcelain.
此词不在原词表中
diffidence—confidence
N.shyness.
Youmustovercomeyourdiffidenceifyouintendtobecomeasalesperson.
dissuade—persuade
dissuade
v,persuadenottodo;discourage.
SinceTomcouldnotdissuadeHuckfromrunningawayfromhome,hedecidedtorunawaywithhisfriend.
dissuasion,N.
persuade
v.inducebymeansofargument.
此词不在原词表中
diurnal—nocturnal
diurnal
ADJ.daily.
Afarmercannotneglecthisdiurnaltasksatanytime;cows,forexample,mustbemilkedregularly.
构词:
di(day)+urn(补缀)+al(adj.)
nocturnal
ADJ.doneatnight.
Mr.Jonesobtainedawatchdogtopreventthenocturnalraidsonhischickencoops.
构词:
noct(night)+urn(补缀)+al(adj.)
don—doff
don
v.puton.
WhendarkKenthadtodonhisSupermanoutfit,hechangedclothesin aconvenientphonebooth.
注意构词:
d+on
doff
v.takeoff.
Agentlemanusedtodoffhishattoalady.
注意构词:
d+off
energize—enervate
energize
v.invigorate;makeforcefulandactive.
RatherthanexhaustingMaggie,dancingenergizedher.
enervate
v.weaken.
Shewasslowtorecoverfromherillness;evenashortwalktothewindowenervatedher.enervation,N.
ewe—ram
ewe
N.femalesheep.
Theflockofsheepwasmadeupofdozensofewes,togetherwithonlyahandfuloframs.
ram
n.malesheep
此词不在原词表中
extant—extinct
extant
ADJ.stillinexistence.
Althoughthebookisoutofprint,somecopiesarestillextant.Unfortunately,allofthemareinlibrariesorprivatecollections;noneisforsale.
extinct
adj.notinexistence.
此词不在原词表中
extraneous--essential
extraneous
ADJ.notessential;superfluous.
NowonderTedcan’tthinkstraight!
Hismindissoclutteredupwithextraneousdetails,hecan’tconcentrateontheessentials.
essential
adj.basic,necessary,indispensable
此词不在原词表中
extrinsic—intrinsic
extrinsic
ADJ.external;notessential;extraneous.
AcriticallyacclaimedextrinsicfeatureoftheChryslerBuildingisitsornatespire.
Thejudgewouldnotadmitthetestimony,rulingthatitwasextrinsictothematterathand.
intrinsic
ADJ.essential;inherent;built-in.
Althoughmygrandmother’schinahaslittleintrinsicvalue,Ishallalwayscherishitforthememoriesitevokes.
fauna—flora
fauna
N.animalsofaperiodorregion.
Thescientistcouldvisualizethefaunaoftheperiodbyexaminingtheskeletalremainsandthefossils.
flora
N.plantsofaregionorera.
Becauseshewasabotanist,shespentmostofhertimestudyingthefloraofthedesert.
felon—misdemeanor—peccadillo
felon
N.personconvictedofagravecrime(felony).
Aconvictedfelonlosestherighttovote.
misdemeanor
N.minorcrime.
Theculpritpleadedguiltytoamisdemeanorratherthanfacetrialforafelony.
peccadillo
N.slightoffense.WheneverMuckswipedacookiefromthejar,MissWatsonreactedasifhewereguiltyofarmedrobbery,notofsomemerepeccadillo.
构词;pecc(peck)+dillo(small)
fetter—manacle脚链—手铐
fetter
v.shackle.
Theprisonerwasfetteredtothewall.
unfettered
ADJ.liberated;freedfromchains.
Chainedtothewallformonthsonend,thehostagedespairedthathewouldeverbeunfettered.
unfetter,v.
manacle
v.restrain;handcuff.
Thepoliceimmediatelymanacledtheprisonersohecouldnotescape,alsoN.
构词:
man(hand)+cle(n.)
filial—parental
filial
ADJ.pertainingtoasonordaughter.
Manychildrenforgettheirfilialobligationsanddisregardthewishesoftheirparents.
parental
adj.pertainingtoafatherormother.
此词不在原词表中
fodder—food
fodder
N.coarsefoodforcattle,horses,etc.
OneofNancy’schoresattheranchwastoputfreshsuppliesoffodderinthehorses’stalls.
food
n.食物
此词不在原词表中
gnome—giant
gnome
N.dwarf;undergroundspirit.
Inmedievalmythology,gnomeswerethespecialguardiansandinhabitantsofsubterraneanmines,
giant
n.apersonorthingofgreatsize.
此词不在原词表中
heterogeneous—homogeneous
heterogeneous
ADJ.dissimilar;mixed.
Thisyear’senteringclassisaremarkablyheterogeneousbody:
itincludesstudentsfrom40differentstatesand26foreigncountries,somethechildrenofbillionaires,otherstheoffspringofwelfarefamilies.heterogeneity,N.
构词:
hetero(different)+gene(race)+ous(adj.)
homogeneous
ADJ.ofthesamekind.
BecausethestudentbodyatElitePrepwassohomogeneous.SaraandJamesdecidedtosendtheirdaughtertoaschoolthatofferedgreaterculturaldiversity.
homogeneity,N.
构词:
homo(same)+gene(race)+ous(adj.)
implode—explode
implode
v.burstinward.
Ifyoubreakavacuumtube,theglasstubeimplodes.
implosion,n.
explode
v.burstoutward
此词不在原词表中
incriminate—recrimination
incriminate
v.accuse;serveasevidenceagainst.
Thewitness’stestimonyagainsttheracketeersincriminatessomehighpublicofficialsaswell.
构词:
in+crime+ate(v.)
recrimination
N.countercharges.
Loudandangryrecriminationswereheranswertohisaccusations.
构词:
re(back)+crime+in(补缀)+tion(n.)
longitude—latitude
longitude
n.经度
此词不在原词表中
latitude
N.freedomfromnarrowlimitations.纬度;幅度
Ithinkyouhavepermittedyoursontoomuchlatitudeinthismatter.
构词:
lat(wide)+tude(n.)
nadir—acme
nadir
N.lowestpoint.
Althoughfewpeoplerealizedit,theDowJonesaverageshadreachedtheirnadirandwouldsoonbeginanupwardsurge.
acme
N.peak;pinnacle;highestpoint.
Welles’ssuccessinCitizenKanemarkedtheacmeofhiscareerasanactor:
neveragaindidheachievesuchpopularacclaim.
构词:
ac=top
opprobrium—probity
opprobrium
N.infamy;vilification.
Herefusedtodefendhimselfagainsttheslanderandopprobriumhurledagainsthimbythenewspapers;hepreferredt