巴朗词表速记9对比记忆词汇.docx

巴朗词表速记9对比记忆词汇.docx

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巴朗词表速记9对比记忆词汇

巴朗词表速记（9）对比记忆词汇

愿达语言培训中心MrGRE

frombbs.yuanda.org

（有网友建议将此文打包上传，可惜本人尚未整理完，整理完后一定照办）

下列词汇具有成双成对（或成组）的特性，放在一起记忆，效果极佳。

注意这些词对在形态或语义上相近或相反。

adept—inept

adept

ADJ.expertat.

Shewasadeptatthefineartofirritatingpeople,alsoN.

inept

ADJ.lackingskill;unsuited;incompetent.

Theineptglovemakerwasallthumbs.

ineptness,N.

构词：

ept=clever

ameliorate—deteriorate 

ameliorate

v.improve.

Manysocialworkershaveattemptedtoamelioratetheconditionsofpeoplelivingintheslums.

deteriorate

v.growworse

此词不在原词表中

apogee—perigee

apogee

N.highestpoint.

Whenthemooninitsorbitisfurthestawayfromtheearth,itisatitsapogee.

perigee

N.pointofmoon’sorbitwhenitisnearesttheearth.

Therocketwhichwasdesignedtotakephotographsofthemoonwaslaunchedasthemoonapproacheditsperigee.

arduous—assiduous

arduous

ADJ.hard;strenuous.

Herarduouseffortshadsappedherenergy.

assiduous

ADJ.diligent.

IttookRembrandtweeksofassiduouslaborbeforehewassatisfiedwithhisportraitofhisson.

构词：

as（to）+sid（sit）+ous（adj.）.

比较：

sediment,sedentarylife

（请注意两词的区别：

StudyingBarron’swordlistisanarduousjob,whichrequiresyoutobeassiduous.）

bourgeois—proletarian

bourgeois

ADJ.middleclass;selfishlymaterialistic;dullyconventional.

Technically,anyonewhobelongstothemiddleclassisbourgeois,but,giventheword’sconnotations,mostpeopleresentitifyoucallthemthat.

构词：

bourg（town）+eois（people）

proletarian

N.memberoftheworkingclass;bluecollarguy.

“Workersoftheworld,unite!

Youhavenothingtolosebutyourchains”isaddressedtoproletarians,notpreppies,alsoADJ.

proletariat,N.

cede—annex

cede

v.yield（title,territory）to;surrenderformally.

EventuallythedescendantsofEngland’sHenryIIwereforcedtocedetheirFrenchterritoriestotheKingofFrance.

cession,N.

annex

v.attach;takepossessionof.

MexicoobjectedtotheUnitedStates’attemptstoannextheterritorythatlaterbecamethestateofTexas.

构词：

an（to）+nex（connect）

concave—convex

concave

ADJ.hollow.

Theback-packersfoundpartialshelterfromthestormbyhuddlingagainsttheconcavewallofthecliff.

convex

ADJ.curvingoutward.

Shepolishedtheconvexlens,ofhertelescope.

covert—overt

covert

ADJ.secret;hidden;implied.

InvestigationsoftheCentralIntelligenceAgencyandothersecretservicenetworksrevealthatsuchcovertoperationscangetoutofcontrol.

overt

ADJ.opentoview.

AccordingtotheUnitedStatesConstitution,apersonmustcommitanovertactbeforehemaybetriedfortreason.

crass—crude

crass

ADJ.veryunrefined;grosslyinsensible.

Thefilmcriticdeploredthecrasscommercialismofmovie-makerswhoabandonartisticstandardsinordertomakeaquickbuck.

crude

adj.unrefined;raw.

crudeoil.

此词不在原词表中

deleterious—instrumental

deleterious

ADJ.harmful.

Ifyoubelievethatsmokingisdeleterioustoyourhealth（andtheSurgeonGeneralsurelydoes）,thenquit!

instrumental

adj.implemental;helpful

Thefirewasinstrumentalinbakingthemudintoporcelain.

此词不在原词表中

deranged—arranged

deranged 

ADJ.insane.

Hehadtobeinstitutionalizedbecausehewasderanged.

arranged

adj.beinginorder,prepared.

此词不在原词表中

detached—attached

detached

ADJ.emotionallyremoved;calmandobjective;physicallyseparate.

Apsychoanalystmustmaintainadetachedpointofviewandstayuninvolvedwithherpatients’personallives.

Toachildgrowingupinanapartmentorarowhouse,toliveinadetachedhousewasanunattainabledream.

detachment,N.

attached

adj.connectedasanadjunctorassociatedconditionorpart

此词不在原词表中

detrimental—instrumental

detrimental

ADJ.harmful;damaging.

Thecandidate’sacceptanceofmajorfinancialcontributionsfromawell-knownracistultimatelyproveddetrimentaltohiscampaign,forhelostthebackingofmanyofhisearlygrassrootssupporters.

detriment,N.

instrumental

adj.implemental;helpful

Thefirewasinstrumentalinbakingthemudintoporcelain.

此词不在原词表中

diffidence—confidence

N.shyness.

Youmustovercomeyourdiffidenceifyouintendtobecomeasalesperson.

dissuade—persuade

dissuade

v,persuadenottodo;discourage.

SinceTomcouldnotdissuadeHuckfromrunningawayfromhome,hedecidedtorunawaywithhisfriend.

dissuasion,N.

persuade

v.inducebymeansofargument.

此词不在原词表中

diurnal—nocturnal

diurnal

ADJ.daily.

Afarmercannotneglecthisdiurnaltasksatanytime;cows,forexample,mustbemilkedregularly.

构词：

di（day）+urn（补缀）+al（adj.）

nocturnal

ADJ.doneatnight.

Mr.Jonesobtainedawatchdogtopreventthenocturnalraidsonhischickencoops.

构词：

noct（night）+urn（补缀）+al（adj.）

don—doff

don

v.puton.

WhendarkKenthadtodonhisSupermanoutfit,hechangedclothesin aconvenientphonebooth.

注意构词：

d+on

doff

v.takeoff.

Agentlemanusedtodoffhishattoalady.

注意构词：

d+off

energize—enervate 

energize 

v.invigorate;makeforcefulandactive.

RatherthanexhaustingMaggie,dancingenergizedher.

enervate

v.weaken.

Shewasslowtorecoverfromherillness;evenashortwalktothewindowenervatedher.enervation,N.

ewe—ram

ewe

N.femalesheep.

Theflockofsheepwasmadeupofdozensofewes,togetherwithonlyahandfuloframs.

ram

n.malesheep

此词不在原词表中

extant—extinct

extant

ADJ.stillinexistence.

Althoughthebookisoutofprint,somecopiesarestillextant.Unfortunately,allofthemareinlibrariesorprivatecollections;noneisforsale.

extinct

adj.notinexistence.

此词不在原词表中

extraneous--essential

extraneous

ADJ.notessential;superfluous.

NowonderTedcan’tthinkstraight!

Hismindissoclutteredupwithextraneousdetails,hecan’tconcentrateontheessentials.

essential

adj.basic,necessary,indispensable

此词不在原词表中

extrinsic—intrinsic

extrinsic

ADJ.external;notessential;extraneous.

AcriticallyacclaimedextrinsicfeatureoftheChryslerBuildingisitsornatespire.

Thejudgewouldnotadmitthetestimony,rulingthatitwasextrinsictothematterathand.

intrinsic

ADJ.essential;inherent;built-in.

Althoughmygrandmother’schinahaslittleintrinsicvalue,Ishallalwayscherishitforthememoriesitevokes.

fauna—flora

fauna

N.animalsofaperiodorregion.

Thescientistcouldvisualizethefaunaoftheperiodbyexaminingtheskeletalremainsandthefossils.

flora

N.plantsofaregionorera.

Becauseshewasabotanist,shespentmostofhertimestudyingthefloraofthedesert.

felon—misdemeanor—peccadillo 

felon

N.personconvictedofagravecrime（felony）.

Aconvictedfelonlosestherighttovote.

misdemeanor

N.minorcrime.

Theculpritpleadedguiltytoamisdemeanorratherthanfacetrialforafelony.

peccadillo

N.slightoffense.WheneverMuckswipedacookiefromthejar,MissWatsonreactedasifhewereguiltyofarmedrobbery,notofsomemerepeccadillo.

构词；pecc（peck）+dillo（small）

fetter—manacle脚链—手铐

fetter

v.shackle.

Theprisonerwasfetteredtothewall.

unfettered

ADJ.liberated;freedfromchains.

Chainedtothewallformonthsonend,thehostagedespairedthathewouldeverbeunfettered.

unfetter,v.

manacle

v.restrain;handcuff.

Thepoliceimmediatelymanacledtheprisonersohecouldnotescape,alsoN.

构词：

man（hand）+cle（n.）

filial—parental 

filial

ADJ.pertainingtoasonordaughter.

Manychildrenforgettheirfilialobligationsanddisregardthewishesoftheirparents.

parental

adj.pertainingtoafatherormother.

此词不在原词表中

fodder—food

fodder

N.coarsefoodforcattle,horses,etc.

OneofNancy’schoresattheranchwastoputfreshsuppliesoffodderinthehorses’stalls.

food

n.食物

此词不在原词表中

gnome—giant 

gnome

N.dwarf;undergroundspirit.

Inmedievalmythology,gnomeswerethespecialguardiansandinhabitantsofsubterraneanmines,

giant

n.apersonorthingofgreatsize.

此词不在原词表中

heterogeneous—homogeneous 

heterogeneous 

ADJ.dissimilar;mixed.

Thisyear’senteringclassisaremarkablyheterogeneousbody:

itincludesstudentsfrom40differentstatesand26foreigncountries,somethechildrenofbillionaires,otherstheoffspringofwelfarefamilies.heterogeneity,N.

构词：

hetero（different）+gene（race）+ous（adj.）

homogeneous

ADJ.ofthesamekind.

BecausethestudentbodyatElitePrepwassohomogeneous.SaraandJamesdecidedtosendtheirdaughtertoaschoolthatofferedgreaterculturaldiversity.

homogeneity,N.

构词：

homo（same）+gene（race）+ous（adj.）

implode—explode

implode

v.burstinward.

Ifyoubreakavacuumtube,theglasstubeimplodes.

implosion,n.

explode

v.burstoutward

此词不在原词表中

incriminate—recrimination

incriminate

v.accuse;serveasevidenceagainst.

Thewitness’stestimonyagainsttheracketeersincriminatessomehighpublicofficialsaswell.

构词：

in+crime+ate（v.）

recrimination

N.countercharges.

Loudandangryrecriminationswereheranswertohisaccusations.

构词：

re（back）+crime+in（补缀）+tion（n.）

longitude—latitude

longitude

n.经度

此词不在原词表中

latitude

N.freedomfromnarrowlimitations.纬度；幅度

Ithinkyouhavepermittedyoursontoomuchlatitudeinthismatter.

构词：

lat（wide）+tude（n.）

nadir—acme

nadir

N.lowestpoint.

Althoughfewpeoplerealizedit,theDowJonesaverageshadreachedtheirnadirandwouldsoonbeginanupwardsurge.

acme

N.peak;pinnacle;highestpoint.

Welles’ssuccessinCitizenKanemarkedtheacmeofhiscareerasanactor:

neveragaindidheachievesuchpopularacclaim.

构词：

ac=top

opprobrium—probity

opprobrium

N.infamy;vilification.

Herefusedtodefendhimselfagainsttheslanderandopprobriumhurledagainsthimbythenewspapers;hepreferredt