西南大学《语言学导论》复习思考题及答案.docx

西南大学《语言学导论》复习思考题及答案.docx

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西南大学《语言学导论》复习思考题及答案

（0181）《语言学导论》复习思考题

Ⅰ.Ineachquestiontherearefourchoices.Decidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestion,orwouldbestcompletethesentence.WritethecorrespondingletteronyourANSWERSHEET.

1.Theconstruction“honestpeople”is_______.

A.acoordinateconstructionB.anexocentricconstruction

C.anendocentricconstructionD.animmediateconstituent

2.Inthesentence“CanIhaveabitetodrink?

”thespeakermaynothaveaproblemwithcompetence,butwith_______.

A.performanceB.utteranceC.syntaxD.context

3.Thephrase“Colorfulideassleepfuriously”isanexampleof_______.

A.rapporttalk

B.indexicallanguage

C.anungrammaticalbutacceptablesentence

D.agrammaticalbutunacceptablesentence

4.Identifythemorphemesintheword'unimaginative':

A.un-im-ag-in-at-iveB.un-imaginative

C.un-imagin-ativeD.unimagin-ative

5.Whichofthefollowingtwo-termsetsshowsthefeatureofcomplementarity?

_______.

A.Husband/WifeB.Alive/DeadC.Hot/ColdD.White/Black

6.TheWhorfHypothesisclaimsthat________.

A.languageisfullof“richpoints”,whosemeaningsaredifficulttotranslateintoanotherlanguage

B.abstracttermsareeasilytranslatable

C.accentsarepartofidentity

D.languageinfluencesculture-specificwaysofknowing

7.Thephrase‘timeisacommodity’isanexampleof_______.

A.TheWhorfHypothesisB.Ametaphoricsystem

C.Anon-standardvarietyD.Arichpoint

8.Thelastphonemeintheword“hang”isa_______.

A.glottalB.palatalC.dentalD.nasal

9.Threeplacesofarticulationthatinvolvetheteethand/orthelipsare:

A.palatal,velar,glottalB.bilabial,labiodental,dental

C.stop,fricative,affricativeD.nasal,lateral,semivowel

10.Inthesentence'Itookmybigbrowncattothevetyesterday',whichofthefollowingdoesnotappear?

_______.

A.AdjectiveB.PrepositionC.AdverbD.Conjunction

11.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSE?

________.

A.Languageisjustforcommunication.

B.Languageisoneofmanywaysinwhichweexperiencetheworld.

C.Languageisasignsystem.

D.Languageisarbitraryandconventional.

12.TheEnglishlanguagehas______.

A.morphemesB.syntaxC.numberagreementD.alloftheabove

13.“He”and“she”arenotexamplesofgenderagreementinEnglish,because_____.

A.theyarepronouns

B.theyneednotagreewithotherwordsinanEnglishsentence

C.theymarkbiological/socialgender

D.bothbandcabove

14.Aphonemeis_____.

A.thesmallestmeaningfulunitinlanguage

B.thesmallestunitinlanguage

C.thesameasanallophone

D.bothbandcabove

15.Ofthefollowing,whatarethetwotypesofphonetics______.

A.acousticandelectricB.arbitraryandauditory

C.articulatoryandacousticD.allophonicandallomorphic

16./ik/isatranscriptionof_______.

A.sickB.chickC.chicD.thick

17.Trueorfalse:

Chinesehasnoinflectionsforgrammaticalcase.______.

A.TrueB.False

18.Traditionalgrammaris________.

A.descriptiveB.prescriptiveC.non-Latin-basedD.wrong

19.______isthebranchoflinguisticswhichstudiesthecharacteristicsofspeechsoundsandprovidesmethodsfortheirdescription,classificationandtranscription.

A.PhonologyB.PhoneticalphabetC.CorpuslinguisticsD.Phonetics

20.Thefourmajormodesofsemanticchangeare_______.

A.extension,narrowing,elevationanddegradation

B.extension,generalization,elevationanddegradation

C.extension,narrowing,specializationanddegradation

D.extension,elevation,ameliorationanddegradation

21.Whatisthemeaningrelationshipbetweenthetwowords“plant/grass”?

______.

A.HomonymyB.AntonymyC.HyponymyD.Allomorphs

22.Thephonetictranscriptionwithdiacriticsiscalled_____.

A.broadtranscriptionB.InternationalPhoneticAlphabet

C.AmericanEnglishPronunciationD.narrowtranscription

23.TheBlackEnglishsentence“Idon'tgottadonothing”isconsideredincorrectbecause:

a）itcontainsadoublenegativeandisthusinherentlyincorrect

b）itisimpossibletounderstand

c）itisnotassociatedwiththeupperclassuseofstandardEnglish

d）bothaandbabove

24.Accordingtotheir______,wordscanclassifiedintoclosed-classandopen-classwords.

A.variabilityB.membershipC.similaritiesD.functions

25.Whenlanguageisusedto"dothings",itservesthe_____function.

A.evocativeB.expressiveC.directiveD.performative

26."Classroom"isa_______.

A.freemorphemeB.derivativeC.compoundD.root.

27.Thephrase“timeisacommodity”isanexampleof_______.

A.TheWhorfHypothesisB.Ametaphoricsystem

C.Anon-standardvarietyD.Arichpoint

28._______isatypeofphonologicalprocessbywhichonesoundtakesonsomeorallthecharacteristicsofaneighboringsound.

A.AssimilationB.TransformationC.Code-switchingD.interference

29._______referstotheuseofanativelanguagepatternorrulewhichleadstoanerrororinappropriateforminthetargetlanguage.

A.InterlanguageB.Positivetransfer

C.NegativetransferD.Overgeneralization

30.Inthesentence“Itookmybigbrowncattothevetyesterday”,whichofthefollowingdoesnotappear?

_______.

A.AdjectiveB.PrepositionC.AdverbD.Conjunction

31._______isthatpartofthemeaningofwordorphrasethatrelatesittophenomenaintherealworldorinafictionalorpossibleworld.

A.ConnotationB.AffectivemeaningC.DenotationD.Sense

32.Alinguistregardsthechangesinlanguageandlanguageuseas______.

A.unnaturalB.somethingtobefearedC.naturalD.abnormal

33.Thesemanticcomponentsoftheword“boy”canbeexpressedas_____.

A.+human,+male,+adultB.+human,-male,+adult

C.+human,-male,-adultD.+human,+male,-adult

34.Conjunctions,preposition,pronounsandarticlescanbeclassifiedas____.

A.lexicalwordsB.grammaticalwords

C.pro-formsD.contentwords

35.Iftwosoundsareofnodistinctivevalue,butarevarietiesofthesamephoneme,theyarecalled______.

A.phonesB.speechsoundsC.allophonesD.morphs

36.Inthefollowingsounds,_____isavoicedstop.

A.[b]B.[d]C.[p]D.[k]

37.“Youstandup”istransformedinto“Standup”.WhichtransformationalruleisusedaccordingtoTGGrammar?

_____.

A.CopyingB.AdditionC.ReorderingD.Deletion

38.ThewordssuchasTOFEL,NATO,UFOare_____.

A.formedbyblendingB.acronyms

C.coinedbybackformationD.clippedwords

39.Thewordssuchas“brunch”,“motel”are_______.

A.formedbyblendingB.acronyms

C.coinedbybackformationD.clippedwords

40.______areproducedwhentheobstructioniscompleteatfirst,thenreleasedslowlywithfrictionresultingfrompartialobstruction.

A.NasalsB.GlidesC.FricativesD.Affricatives

41.“Afishisswimminginthepond”istransformedinto“Thereisafishswimminginthepond”.Whichofthefollowingtransformationalrulesisused?

______.

A.CopyingB.AdditionC.ReorderingD.Deletion

42.“Themanputonhishat”istransformedinto“Themanputhishaton”.Whichtransformationalruleisappliedhere?

_______.

A.CopyingB.AdditionC.ReorderingD.Deletion

43.Thefunctionofthesentence“Aniceday,isn’tit?

”is______.

A.directiveB.informativeC.emotiveD.phatic

44.Whichofthefollowingsoundsisavoicelessbilabialstop?

_____.

A.[m]B.[f]C.[p]D.[b]

45.Whichofthefollowinglanguagesisatonelanguage?

A.RussianB.ChineseC.EnglishD.French

46.________speaking,novarietyoflanguageisbetterthanorsuperiortoothers.

A.GenerallyB.SociallyC.PoliticallyD.Linguistically

47.Grammar-basedlanguagelearningandteachingfailspartiallybecause_____.

A.stillnopreciseinformationisobtainedconcerninghowgrammarcanbelearned

B.grammarcannotbetaughtatall

C.itisuselesstoteachgrammarinlanguageclasses

D.learnerscanlearnbetterwithoutgrammar

48.Forforeignlanguagelearnerstoachieveeffectivelearning,theinputshould_____.

A.notbesofarbeyondtheirreachthattheyareoverwhelmed

B.beinterestingandsimple

C.notbesoclosetotheircurrentstagethattheyarenotchallengedatall

D.BothAandC

49.Interlanguageis_____.

A.isproducedbyeveryforeignlanguagelearners

B.amixtureofthelearner’smothertongueandthetargetlanguage

C.imperfectcomparedwiththetargetlanguage,butitisnotmeretranslationfromthelearner’snativelanguage

D.BothAandC

50.Erroranalysismaybecarriedoutinorderto______.

A.identifystrategieswhichlearnersuseinlanguagelearning

B.trytoidentifythecausesoflearnererrors.

C.obtaininformationoncommondifficultiesinlanguagelearning

D.Alloftheabove.

Ⅱ.MatcheachofthefollowingtermsinColumnAwithoneoftheappropriatedefinitionsinColumnB.WritethecorrespondingletteronyourANSWERSHEET.

PartOne

ColumnA

1.selectionalrestrictions

2.appliedlinguistics

3.phoneme

4.assimilation

5.blending

6.designfeatures

7.languageinterference

8.root

9.endocentricconstructions

10.diglossia

ColumnB

A.thebaseformofawordwhichcannotbefurtheranalyzedwithouttotallossofidentity

B.wordformedbycombiningpartsofotherwords

C.asociolinguisticsituationwheretwovarietiesofalanguageexistsidebysidethroughoutthecommunity,witheachhavingadefiniteroletoplay

D.onewhosedistributionisfunctionallyequivalent,orapproachingequivalence,tooneofitsconstituents

E.theminimalunitinthesoundsystemofalanguage,whichisofdistinctivevalue

F.theframeworkproposedbyHockett,whichdiscussesthedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguageasagainstanimalcommunication

G.therestrictionsonthetypeofnounthatcanbeselectedwit