英语四级阅读真题.docx

英语四级阅读真题.docx

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英语四级阅读真题

2018年12月大学英语四级阅读真题

选词填空

PartⅢReadingComprehension（40minutes）

SectionADirections:

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithten

blanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfrom

alistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.

Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.

Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthe

correspondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2witha

singlelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewords

inthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedon

thefollowingpassage.

Millionsdieearlyfromairpollutioneachyear.Airpollution

coststheglobaleconomymorethan$5trillionannuallyin

welfarecosts,withthemostserious26occurringinthe

developingworld.Thefiguresincludeanumberofcosts27

withairpollution.Lostincomealoneamountsto$225billiona

year.Thereportincludesbothindoorandoutdoorairpollution.

Indoorpollution,whichincludes28likehomeheatingand

cooking,hasremained29overthepastseveraldecadesdespite

advancesinthearea.Levelsofoutdoorpollutionhavegrown

rapidlyalongwithrapidgrowthinindustryandtransportation.

DirectorofInstituteforHealthMetricsandEvaluationChris

Murray30itasan“urgentcalltoaction.”“Oneoftherisk

factorsforprematuredeathsistheairwebreathe,overwhich

individualshavelittle31,”hesaid.Theeffectsofairpollution

areworstinthedevelopingworld,whereinsomeplaces

lost-laborincome32nearly1%ofGDP.Around9in10people

inlow-andmiddle-incomecountriesliveinplaceswherethey

33experiencedangerouslevelsofoutdoorairpollution.But

theproblemisnotlimited34tothedevelopingworld.

ThousandsdieprematurelyintheU.S.asaresultofrelated

illnesses.InmanyEuropeancountries,wherediesel（柴油）35

havebecomemorecommoninrecentyears,thatnumberreaches

tensofthousands.

A）abilityB）associatedC）consciouslyD）constant

E）controlF）damageG）describedH）equals

I）exclusivelyJ）innovatedK）regularly

L）relatesM）sourcesN）undermineO）vehicles

答案：

26.Fdamage（损害）27.Bassociated（与⋯⋯有联系）

28.Msources（来源）29.Dconstant（不断的，常存在的）

29.Gdescribed（描述）31.Econtrol（控制）32.Hequals（等

同于）33.Kregularly（经常地）34.Iexclusively（仅仅，唯

一地）35.Ovehicles（车辆）

解析：

26.Fdamage空格所在句子的含义为：

空气污染每年在福利

费用方面给全球经济造成5万多亿损失，最大的......发生在

发展中国家。

根据上下文可知这里应该填入一个跟损失有关

联的词汇，另外在语法上这里应该填入一个名词devastating，

“具有破坏力的”修饰，所以我们应该可以确定答案为

damage，“损害”n.

27.Bassociated空格所在句子的含义为：

这个福利数字包

含许多与空气污染......的福利费用，比如健康与消费。

根据

语法上判断，这里应该填入一个过去分词做costs的后置定

语，另外从语义上判断，associatedwithairpollution做cost

的后置定语，表示与空气污染相关的费用，语义上也符合上

下文语境。

28.Msources空格所在的句子的含义为：

室内污染，包括

像暖气和做饭一样的......。

从语法上判断这里应该填入名词，

并且这个名词是一个大范围的词可以包括暖气和做饭，另外

从语义上判断sourceslikehomeheatingandcooking表示像

暖气和做饭一样的来源也符合上下文语境。

PartⅢReadingComprehension（40minutes）

SectionB

Directions:

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewith

tenstatementsattachedtoeachstatementcontainsinformation

giveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfrom

whichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraph

morethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answer

thequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswer

Sheet2.

Food-as-MedicineMovementIsWitnessingProgress

[A]Severaltimesamonth,youcanfindadoctorintheaislesof

Ralph?

smarketinHuntingtonBeach,California,wearinga

whitecoatandhelpingpeoplelearnaboutfood.Ononerecent

day,thisdoctorwasDanielNadeau,wanderingthecerealaisle

withAllisonScott,givinghersomeideaonhowtofeedkids

whopersistentlyavoidanythingthatishealthy.“Haveyou

thoughtabouttryingfreshjuicesinthemorning?

”heasksher.

“Thefrozenorangesandapplesarealittlecheaper,andfruits

arereallygoodforthebrain.Juicesarequickandeasyto

prepare,youcantakethefrozenfruitoutthenightbeforeand

haveitreadythenextmorning.”

[B]Scottisdelightedtogetfoodadvicefromaphysicianwhois

programdirectorofthenearbyMaryandDickAllenDiabetes

Center,partoftheSt.JosephHoagHealthalliance.Thecenter?

s

ShopwithYourDoc?

programsendsdoctorstothegrocery

storetomeetwithanypatientswhosignupfortheservice,plus

anyothershopperswhohappentobearoundwithquestions.

[C]Nadeaunoticesthepre-mademacaroni（通心粉）-and-cheese

boxesinScott?

sshoppingcartandsuggestssheswitchtowhole

grainmacaroniandrealcheese.“SoI?

dhaveto？

m”akseheit

asks,herenthusiasmfadingatthethoughtofhowlongthat

mighttake,justtohaveherkidsrejectit.“I?

mnotsurethe

eatit.Theyjustwon?

teatit.”

[D]Nadeausayssugarandprocessedfoodsarebigcontributors

totherisingdiabetesratesamongchildren.“InAmerica,ove

percentofourfoodisprocessedfood,”Nadeautellsher.

only5percentofourfoodisplant-basedfood.Ithinkweshould

trytoreversethat.”Scottraygmreoersetofrutitjuicesforthe

kidsandtomakerealmacaroniandcheese.Scoreonepointfor

thedoctor,zerofordiabetes.

[E]Nadeauispartofasmallrevolutiondevelopingacross

California.Thefood-as-medicinemovementhasbeenaround

fordecades,butit?

smakingprogressasphysiciansandmedical

institutionsmakefoodaformalpartoftreatment,ratherthan

relyingsolelyonmedications（药物）.Byprescribingnutritional

changesorlaunchingprogramssuchas,ShopwithyourDoc?

theyaretryingtoprevent,limitorevenreversediseaseby

changingwhatpatientseat.“There?

snoquestionpeoplecan

takethingsalongwaytowardreversingdiabetes,reversinghigh

bloodpressure,evenpreventingcancerbyfoodchoices,”

Nadeausays.

[F]Inthebigpicture,saysDr.RichardAfable,CEOand

presidentofST.JosephHoagHealth,medicalinstitutionsacross

thestatearestartingtomakeaphilosophicalswitchtobecoming

ahealthorganization,notjustahealthcareorganization.That

feelingechoesthebeliefsoftheTherapeuticFoodPantry

programatZuckerbergSanFranciscoGeneralHospital,which

completeditspilotphaseandisabouttoexpandonanongoing

basistofiveclinicsitesthroughoutthecity.Theprogramwill

offerpatientsseveralbagsoffoodprescribedfortheircondition,

alongwithintensivetraininginhowtocookit.“Wereally

tolinkfoodandmedicine,andnotjustgiveawayfood,”sa

RitaNguyen,thehospital?

smedicaldirectorofHealthyFood

Initiatives.“Wewantpeuonpdleertostandwhatthey?

reeating,

howtoprepareit,therolefoodplaysintheirlives.”

[G]InSouthernCalifornia,LomaLindaUniversitySchoolof

Medicineisofferingspecializedtrainingforitsresident

physiciansinLifestyleMedicine—thatisaformalspecialtyin

usingfoodtotreatdisease.Researchfindingsincreasinglyshow

thepoweroffoodtotreatorreversediseases,butthatdoesnot

meanthatdietaloneisalwaysthesolution,orthateveryillness

canbenefitsubstantiallyfromdietarychanges.Nonetheless,

physicianssaythattheylookatthecollectivedataandaclear

pictureemerges:

thatthesalt,sugar,fatandprocessedfoodsin

theAmericandietcontributetothenation?

shighratesofobesity,

diabetesandheartdisease.AccordingtotheWorldHealth

Organization,80percentofdeathsfromheartdiseaseandstroke

arecausedbyhighbloodpressure,tobaccouse,elevated

cholesterolandlowconsumptionoffruitsandvegetables.

[H]“It?

sadifferentparadig（m范式）ofhowtotreatdisease,”

saysDr.BrendaRea,whohelpsrunthefamilyandpreventive

medicineresidencyprogramatLomaLindaUniversitySchool

ofMedicine.Thelifestylemedicinespecialtyisdesignedtotrain

doctorsinhowtopreventandtreatdisease,inpart,bychanging

patients?

nutritionalhabits.Themedicalcenterandschoolat

LomaLindaalsohasafoodcupboardandkitchenforpatients.

Thisway,patientsnotonlylearnaboutwhichfoodstobuy,but

alsohowtopreparethemathome.

[I]Manypeopledon?

tknowhowtocook,Reasays,andthey

onlyknowhowtoheatthingsup.Thatmeansdependingon

packagedfoodwithhighsaltandsugarcontent.Soteaching

peopleaboutwhichfoodsarehealthyandhowtopreparethem,

shesays,canactuallytransformapatient?

slife.Andbeyondthat,

itmighttransformthehealthandlivesofthatpatient?

sfamily.

“Whatpeopleeatcanbemedicineorpoison,”Reasays.“

physician,nutritionisoneofthemostpowerfulthingsyoucan

changetoreversetheeffectsoflong-termdisease.”

[J]Studieshaveexploredevidencethatdietarychangescan

slowinflammation（炎症）,forexample,ormakethebody

inhospitabletocancercells.Ingeneral,manylifestylemedicine

physiciansrecommendaplant-baseddiet—particularlyfor

peoplewithdiabetesorotherinflammatoryconditions.

[K]“Aswhathappenedwithtobacco,thiswillrequireacultural

shift,butthatcanhappen,”saysNguyen.“Inthesameway

physiciansusedtosmoke,andthenstoppedsmokingandwere

abletotalktopatientsaboutit,Ithinkphysicianscanhavea

biggervoiceinit.”

30.MorethanhalfofthefoodAmericanseatis

factory-produced.

31.Thereisaspecialprogramthatassignsdoctorstogive

advicetoshoppersinfoodstores.

32.Thereisgrowingevidencefromresearchthatfoodhelps

patientsrecoverfromvariousillnesses.

33.Ahealthybreakfastcanbepreparedquicklyandeasily.

34.Trainingapatienttopreparehealthyfoodcanchangetheir

life.

35.Onefood-as-medicineprogramnotonlyprescribesfoodfor

treatmentbutteachespatientshowtocookit.

36.Scottisnotkeenoncookingfoodherself,thinkingitwould

simplybeawasteoftime.

37.Diabetespatient