高中英语语法专题之倒装.docx
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高中英语语法专题之倒装
一、倒装句之全部倒装
全部倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词置于主语之前。
此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。
常见的结构有：
1）here,there,now,then等副词置于句首.
Theregoesthebell.
Hereisyourletter.
Herecomesthebus.
Herecomesmylistofdosanddon’ts.
Nowcomesyourchancetoshine.
Thencamethechairman.
2）表示方向、地点（方位）的副词或介词词组（通常是句子的表语和状语）置于句首，句子用全部倒装.
Downcametherain.
Awaywentthegirlwithouttellinganyone.
Outrushedtheman,guninhand.
Outcamethesun.
Intothehallcamethreewomen
Aheadofmesatanoldwoman.
Aroundthelakearemanyoldcastles.
Eastofthetownliesabeautifullake.
InalecturehallofauniversityinEnglandsitsaprofessor.
3）如果直接引语位于句首，句子通常用全部倒装。
如：
“Iseverythingreadyyet?
”askedHuXintothephotographer.
4）.如果句子的表语位于句首。
Beautifulisthehouse.
注意：
上述全部倒装的句子的主语必须是名词，如果主语是代词则不倒装。
Herehecomes. Awaytheywent.
二、倒装句之部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前。
如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
（部分倒装通常采用一般疑问句的语序）
1、句首为否定词或词语，如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,atnotime,innoway,notuntil…,Notonly…butalso,Hardly/Scarcely…when,Nosooner…than等。
NeverhaveIseensuchaperformance.
Nowherewillyoufindtheanswertothisquestion.
Themotherdidn’tleavetheroomuntilthechildfellasleep.
Notuntilthechildfellasleep/12:
00didthemotherleavetheroom.
Notonlydidherefusethegift,healsoseverelycriticizedthesender.
Hardlyhadshegoneoutwhenastudentcametovisither.
Nosoonerhadshegoneoutthanastudentcametovisither.
注意：
当Notuntil引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
如否定词不在句首不倒装。
Ihaveneverseensuchaperformance.
Themotherdidn'tleavetheroomuntilthechildfellasleep.
典型例题
---Whycan'tIsmokehere?
---Atnotime___inthemeeting-room
A.issmokingpermitted B.smokingispermitted
C.smokingisitpermitted D.doessmokingpermit
答案A.这是一个倒装问题。
当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，句子用部分倒装结构。
这些否定词包括no,little,hardly,seldom,never,notonly,notuntil等。
本题的正常语序是Smokingispermittedinthemeeting-roomatnotime.
Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury___whatheatis.
A.mandidknow B.manknow
C.didn'tmanknow D.didmanknow
答案D. 看到Notuntil…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D中选一个。
改写为正常语序为，Mandidnotknowwhatheatisuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury.现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。
③Nosooner___thanitbegantorainheavily.
A.thegamebeganB.hasthegamebegun
C.didthegamebegin D.hadthegamebegun
答案D.以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句（谓语前置）。
这类表示否定意义的词有never,seldom,scarcely,little,few,not,hardly,以及notonly…but（also）,nosooner…than,hardly…whenscarcely…when 等等。
注意：
只有当Notonly…butalso连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。
如果置于句首的Notonly…butalso仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。
NotonlyyoubutalsoIamfondofmusic.
2、so,neither,nor作部分倒装
表示"也"、"也不"的句子要部分倒装。
TomcanspeakFrench.SocanJack.
Ifyouwon'tgo,neitherwillI.
Ifhegoesthere.SowillI.
典型例题
---DoyouknowJimquarreledwithhisbrother?
---Idon'tknow,_____.
A.nordon'tIcare B.nordoIcare
C.Idon'tcareneither D.Idon'tcarealso
答案：
B.nor为增补意思"也不关心"，因此句子应倒装。
A错在用don't再次否定，Cneither用法不对且缺乏连词。
D缺乏连词。
注意：
当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。
意为"的确如此"。
TomaskedmetogotoplayfootballandsoIdid.
---It'sraininghard.
---Soitis.
Heaskedmetoopenthedoor.Ididso.
---Heisagoodstudentandheworkshard.
--soitiswithsb.=itisthesamewithsb.
3、only引导的状语在句首，句子要部分倒装。
Onlyinthisway,canyoulearnEnglishwell.
Onlyafterbeingaskedthreetimesdidhecometothemeeting.
如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装
Onlywhenheisseriouslyill,doesheeverstayinbed.
4.as,though引导的倒装句
as/though引导的让步状语从句须将表语，状语或谓语部分的动词原形提前。
注意：
1）句首名词不能带任何冠词。
2）句首是实义动词,其他助动词放在主语后。
如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
如：
Childasheis,heisverystrong.
InterestedasIaminthework,Iwillnottakeit.
Fastasherun,hedidn’twintherelayrace.
Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.
另外尤其需要指出的是，as引导的状语从句，必须得倒装，而though引导的状语从句,可以倒也可以不到。
5.其他部分倒装
1） so…that或such…that句型中的so…或such…位于句首时，主句需倒装。
Sofrightenedwashethathedidnotdaretomoveaninch.
Suchagoodfilmisitthatwealllikeit.
2）在某些表示祝愿的句型中：
Mayyoubehappy.
Mayyousucceed.
（May+正常语序的句子，谓语动词用原形）
一、选择填空:
1.─Youlikesinginganddancing.
─_______________.
A.SodoI B.SoIdoC.Idoso D.doIso
2.---Hermotherisawarm-heartedoldlady. ---_________.
A.Somymotheris B.SoismymotherC.Ismymotherso D.Mymothersois
3.---Thefairystory"SnowWhite"isveryinteresting.---_____.
A.Soitis B.SoisitC.Itisso D.Isitso
4.Youdidn'tgoforanoutingattheseashore._____________.
A.NeitherdoI B.NeitherdidI
C.Ididn'tneither D.DidneitherI
5.---MarxwasborninGermany,andGermanwashisnativelanguage.
---_______________.
A.SoitwaswithEngels B.SowasEngels
C.SoEngelswas D.WasEngelsso
6.─Look.There______.
─Oh,there________.
A.comesthebus；comesitB.thebuscomes；itcomes C.comesthebus；itcomesD.thebuscomes；comesit
7.Notuntil_____sixteen_______toschool.
A.hewas；didhego B.hewas；hewent
C.washe；hedidgo D.washe；wenthe
8.Notuntilthenextmorning_________.
A.didMarycomeback B.Marycameback
C.cameMaryback D.camebackMary
9.Hardly_______whenitbegantorain.
A.hadhegothome B.hehadgothome
C.hadgothomehe D.hehomehadgot
10.Nosooner_______thanhefellasleep.
A.hisheadhadtouchedthepillow
B.hadhisheadtouchedthepillow
C.touchedthepillowhisheadhad
D.touchedthepillowhadhishead
11.Little____________.
A.didIthinkofit B.Ithoughtofit
C.didthinkIofit D.thoughtofitI
12.Seldom__________.
A.LiLiherfeelingsshowedB.didshowLiLiherfeelings
C.LiLishowedherfeelingsD.didLiLishowherfeelings
13.Neverbeforeinherlife__________suchbeautifulandpreciousjewelry.
A.hesawB.didheseeC.hassheseenD.shehasseen
14.Manyatime_____________thechesscompetition.
A.hadtakenhepartinB.hetakenpartinhad
C.hadhetakenpartin D.hehadtakenpartin
15.Sobusy___________thathehasnotimetospare.
A.hewas B.washe C.heis D.ishe
16._________withabunchofflowersinherhand.
A.Agirlincame B.Cameinagirl
C.Incameagirl D.Agirlcamein
17.Out____________.
A.frombehindatalltreeranalittleboy
B.frombehindatalltreealittleboyran
C.ranalittleboyfrombehindatalltree
D.alittleboyranfrombehindatalltree
18.Intheclearbluesky__________.
A.doesshinethebrightmoon.
B.thebrightmoondoesshine
C.shinesthebrightmoon
D.thebrightmoonshines
19.Onlyinthisway_____________.
A.wecanwelldoit B.canwewelldoit
C.wecandoitwell D.canwedoitwell
20.Onlywhenhehasfinishedhishomework____________.
A.isabletoheplaywithhisfriendsforawhile
B.heabletoplaywithishisfriendsforawhile
C.isheabletoplaywithhisfriendsforawhile
D.heisabletoplaywithhisfriendsforawhile
21.________,hecontinuedhisstudy.
A.Lateasitwas B.Asitwaslate
C.Latealthoughitwas D.Althoughwasitlate
22.Nextdoortous_____________.
A.livesanoldman,whoisanoverseasChinese
B.doesanoldmanlive,whoisanoverseasChinese
C.anoldmanliveswhoisanoverseasChinese
D.anoldmanwhoisanoverseasChinesedoeslive
23.___________asyoungasyou,Iwouldstudyhard.
A.WasI B.WereI C.IfIam D.IfIwas
24._____________sohard,theywouldn'thavewonsuchgreatsuccess.
A.Hasn'ttheytrained B.Iftheyhasn'ttrain
C.Hadn'ttheytrained D.Iftheydidn'ttrain
25.Notasingleword_____________whenheleft.
A.didspeakheB.spokehe
C.didhespeakD.hespoke
26.─Idon'tthinkIcanwalkanyfurther.
─__________.Let'sstophereforarest.
A.NeitheramI B.NeithercanI
C.Ithinkso D.Idon'tthinkso
27.Bequick!
________________.
A.Thebuscomeshere B.Thebusherecomes
C.Herethebuscomes D.Herecomesthebus
28.---John'snotbeentoLondon.---____________.
A.Benisn'teither B.NeitherisBen
C.NorBenhas D.NeitherhasBen
29.---ThedoctoraskedCharlietobreathedeeply.---_______.
A.Charliedoesso B.Charliedidso
C.SodoesCharlie D.SodidCharlie
30.____________,hedoesnotknowtheanswer.
A.AsMr.Smithisateacher
B.AsMr.Smithisteacher
C.AteacherasMr.Smithis
D.TeacherasMr.Smithis
31._______sobusy,Ishouldgowithyou.
A.WereInot B.WasInotC.IfIamnot D.Iwerenot
32.Inthefrontoftheclassroom_______________.
A.isthedeskfortheteacher
B.hasthedeskoftheteacher
C.itisadeskfortheteacher
D.hasitadeskoftheteacher
33.Onthetopofthehill ___________.
A.doesatemplestand B.atemplestandsthere
C.standsatemple D.atemplestands
34.Notonly_________ butalsoshelikessinging.
A.shelikespainting B.doesshelikepainting
C.likespaintingshe D.shedoeslikepainting
35.Now______________.
A.comesyourturn B.doesyourturncome
C.yourturncomes D.yourturndoescome
36.____________happy.
A.Youmaybe B.Mayyoube
C.Beyoumay D.Maybeyou
37.Thestudentshavelearnedalotfromtheworkersand ___________.
A.sotheteachershave B.havetheteachersso
C.sohavetheteachers D.havesotheteachers
二、选择翻译正确的句子（10题,每题3分）
1.直到天黑了那些孩子们才意识到太晚回不了家了。
A.Notuntildarkdidtheboysrealizeitwastoolatetoreturnhome.
B.Notuntildarktheboysrealizeditwastoolatetoreturnhome.
C.Untildarktheboysrealizeditwastoolatetoreturnhome.
2.直到她摘下了墨镜,我才看出来她是著名影星。
A.Itwas
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