北师大高一英语Unit 3重点词汇.docx
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北师大高一英语Unit3重点词汇
北师大高一英语Unit3重点词汇
1、include包括。
短语:
includehimamong(in,with)myfriends把他看作朋友;Everybodyhadsomethingtosay,meincluded/includingme所有的人,包括我在内,都有话要说;
用法:
(1)、include的两种分词形式表达的形式两样,意思一样。
(当所包含的内容在include后时用including。
若在其前时用included)。
如:
YoucanhavetendaysoffincludingSunday./Sundayincluded.在论及整体情况后,如需补充说明“整体所包含的部分”时,常用介词including来引导,including前用逗号。
(2)、include属于静态动词,一般不能用于进行时态,类似的有:
love/believe/hear/seem/dislike/want/feel/impress/wish等。
include后接名词、动名词,不接不定式。
如:
Ourthree-daytourincludedvisiting/avisitsomewhere.
配套练习:
①Thebook___40maps,___threeofGreatBritain.
A.contains;containingB.includes;including
C.includes;containingD.contains;including
②Presentatthemeetingwereallimportantpeople,___somescientists.
A.includedB.andincludedC.includingD.toinclude
③Thebookcostme12yuaninall,postage___.
A.includedB.includingC.includesD.isincluded
④Thoseoldpots,___theonewithaflyingdragononit,___32000Chineseancientcoins.
A.included;includeB.containing;containC.including;contain
D.including;include
⑤Vegetablesliketomatoes___richvitamins.Theyaregoodforourhealth.
A.containB.containsC.includeD.includes
2、celebrate庆祝。
短语:
celebrateavictory庆祝胜利;celebration庆祝、庆祝会;incelebrationof庆祝;hold/haveacelebration举行庆祝会;forthecelebration为了祝贺、以庆祝;
配套练习:
①Thewholefamilyheldagrandparty___hisreturn.
A.tocongratulateB.incelebrationofC.celebratedD.inordertocelebrateon
②——Mydaughterhaspassedtheexam.
——Congratulations!
She’sreallyintelligent.——______
A.No,no,sheisnothingB.Oh,thankyou!
C.Sometimessheisintelligent.D.Youareright.
③We___hispassingthecollegeentranceexam.
A.congratulatedhimonB.celebratedhimonC.congratulatedD.celebratedhimfor
④Thepress___hisbravenessinfightingthethief.
A.congratulatedB.celebratedC.congratulationsD.celebration
3、power权力、势力、力、力量。
短语:
doeverythinginone’spowertohelp尽力帮助;powerstation发电站;comeinto/topower掌权、执政;inthepowerof=atthemercyof在……掌握之中、任……摆布;inpower当权;takepower当权、执政;
用法:
power前有限定词时,其后跟of+动名词。
如:
Hehasthepoweroforderingusabout.power前无限定词时,其后跟不定式。
如:
Themanagerhaspowertofireaworker.
配套练习:
①Nextcameahorse,swimmingbravely,butwewereafraidthatthe___ofthecurrent(水流)wouldpreventitslandinganywherebeforeitbecameexhausted(耗尽的、疲惫的).
A.powerB.forceC.strengthD.energy
②ThestorywrittenbySimonisaboutaman,whoturnedhisgunbackathisfellowfighterswhenhecameinto___.
A.powerB.strengthC.forceD.official
③I’lldoeverythinginmy___tohelpyouout.
A.energyB.powerC.rightD.reach
④WhenHitler___inGermany,Einsteinfoundthedoorsofstudy___him.
A.cameintopower;closedtoB.wasinpower;shuttingagainst
C.tookpower;closingtoD.seizedpowers;shutagainst
⑤Theillnesshasleftherwith___.
A.weakB.littlepowerC.littlestrengthD.littleforce
4、destroy破坏、毁坏、分裂。
反义词organize
短语:
destroytheoldworldandbuildthenewone破坏旧世界建设新世界;
比较:
damage指伤害人或物,使其失去价值、用途或外表,含有对价值或效果造成的损失。
如:
Thecropswerebadlydamagedbythefloods.
harm指物质、精神或肉体上的损害,强调痛苦和损失的影响。
如:
Theworkershavetheirhearingharmedbythenoiseofthemachines.
injure无论是肉体、心灵上,还是价值、名誉的损失都可用。
如:
Heinjuredanarminacaraccident.
destroy彻底毁坏,不能修复使用,有毁灭的意思。
ruin破坏、毁坏,常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。
配套练习:
①Anearthquakestruckthisarea,___alotofdamage.
A.makingB.causingC.doneD.caused
②Hisselfishnessandgreedinessatlastbroughthimto___.
A.ruinsB.ruinC.damageD.damages
③Hishousewasslightly___inthisflood.
A.ruinedB.destroyedC.damagedD.broken
④Thehousewhich___inthefirelastyear___.
A.destroyed;wasbelongedtomeB.destroyed;belongtoI
C.wasdestroyed;belongedtomineD.wasdestroyed;belongedtome
⑤Hiscamerawas___byhisson.Hehadtohaveitrepairedatonce.
A.hurtB.woundC.destroyedD.damaged
⑥Hisbikewassobadly___thatitcouldn’tberepairedatall.
A.destroyedB.ruinedC.damagedD.damaging
5、invite邀请。
短语:
invitesomebodytodosomething邀请某人做某事;invitesomebodytosomewhere邀请某人去某地;invitesuggestions/opinionsfromsomebody征求某人的建议(意见);invitesomebodyto/foradinner邀请某人吃饭;invitetroubleindoingsomething做某事是自找麻烦(invite招致);inviteouropinionofherstory征询我们对她的故事的意见;feelinvited感到受吸引;someinvitinggoods一些吸引人的货物;
用法:
当面邀请某人时用:
Willyoucometotheparty?
不可说:
MayIinviteyoutotheparty.
配套练习:
①Hefelt___togoandhavealook.
A.invitingB.invitedC.inviteD.beinginvited
②Beforecarryingouttheplan,we’vedecidedto___suggestionsfromsomeexpertsfirst.
A.giveB.inviteC.wantD.askafter
③AreyougoingtoattendhisweddingpartyonSaturday?
No,evenif___.
A.invitingB.toinviteC.havinginvitedD.invited
④Don’tbedisappointedfornot___tothepartyforitwasnot___atall.
A.inviting;invitingB.invited;invitedC.havingbeeninvited;inviting
D.beinginvited;beinginviting
⑤Thenumberofscientists___totheconferencewas150,butmanymorecamewithout___.
A.invited;invitingB.wereinvited;invitingC.wereinvited;invitation
D.invited;beinginvited
6、entrance入口、入场、进入。
短语:
(at)entranceto/oftheschool在学校的入口处;makeone’sentrance入场;Noentrance闲人免进;entrancefree免费入场;anentranceexam入学考试;backentrance后门;entranceinto/tocollege进入大学;enter进入;entry进入、加入;
配套练习:
①Congratulationsonyourpassingthecollege___exam!
Thankyou.
A.enteringB.entranceC.entryD.entered
②China’s____intoWTOisahistoriceventinChinesehistory.
A.enterB.enteringC.entryD.havingentered
③Thechildrenweresurprisedbythesudden___oftheirteacher.
A.enterB.entranceC.entryD.come
④Undergraduatestudentshaveno___totherarebooksintheschoollibrary.
A.accessB.entranceC.wayD.path
7、contribute贡献出、出一份力。
短语:
contributetosomebody/something有助于、有益于;contributetothechurch捐款;contributetonewspapers投稿;contributetotheaccident导致事故;makeacontributionto为……做贡献;
配套练习:
①He___nothingtothediscussion.
A.confinedB.contributedC.directedD.devoted
②CharlieChaplinishonoredforhisgreatcontributions___thefilmindustry.
A.forB.toC.inD.with
③Heisworkinghardalldaylong,whichwillsurely___hissuccessinthefuture.
A.leadgreatlytoB.contributegreatlytoC.leadgreatlyupto
D.contributegreatlyfor
④ZhangYimou,thewell-knowndirector,makesgreatcontributionsto___Chineseculturebymeansoffilms.
A.tospreadB.tospreadingC.atspreadD.forspreading
8、dress服装(U)、女装、童装(C)、穿衣、给……穿衣。
短语:
dressinblack=wearblack穿着黑衣服;bedressedin=wear穿着;bewelldressed穿着讲究;dressoneself自己穿衣服;dresssomebodyinacoat给某人穿衣;dressup化装、穿上盛装;
比较:
dress作不及物动词时,表示穿好衣服;作及物动词时,其后要接人或反身代词,不接衣服,表示给某人或自己穿衣服。
如:
Mylittlesisterisoldenoughtodressherself.
bedressed(in)表示某人在某个场合穿着什么衣服,指穿着的状态。
如:
Sheisdressedinwhitelikeanurse.
haveon穿着、戴着,指穿的状态,其后可接衣服、帽子、鞋子等能穿戴的东西,相当于bein,bewearing,不能用进行时。
如:
Agoodmanygirlshaveonskirtsinsummer.
in表示穿着,后接衣服,也可接颜色,in短语可作状语和定语,和be连用作表语。
如:
Thelittlegirlisinred.
puton穿戴,指穿的动作,其后接穿戴的东西,反义词是takeoff。
如:
Heputonhiscoatandhatandwenttotown.
pullon表示不经心地随随便便匆匆忙忙地穿上衣服、袜子或戴上手套等,指一时的短暂动作,反义词是pulloff。
如:
Shewasinsuchahurrythatherclotheswerejustpulledon.
wear穿着、戴着,表示状态,可用于进行时,可用于穿衣服、袜子、鞋子、帽子、手套、眼镜等,还可用于佩戴手表、首饰、徽章、花儿以及留头发、胡须的长短式样等。
如:
Whydon’tyouwearaflower?
with表示穿戴,只能作定语,只能与眼镜、手表之类的名词连用,不能接衣服。
如:
Theworkerwithglovesishisfather.
tryon和fiton表示试穿,强调动作。
如:
Wewillfitthenewclothesonyou.
配套练习:
①Theshopassistanttherewerenotfriendlytomebecauseof___.
A.IwasbadlydressedB.theclothesIwashavingonC.whatIwaswearing
D.whatIdressed
②___white,thebeautifulgirlmanagedtoattracteveryone’sattentionattheparty.
A.HavingwornB.HavingonC.HavingputonD.Dressedin
③InmanyofthestreetsinDisneyland,manypeoplewalkaround___19thcenturyclothes.
A.wearingB.dressedC.haveonD.puttingon
④Hegotupat6:
00sharp,___inahurryanddrovetotherailwaystationtomeethisfather.
A.putonB.woreclothesC.dressedD.hadclotheson
⑤Getupand___quickly.
A.haveonB.putonC.dressD.wear
9、depend依靠。
短语:
dependonsomebodytodosomething指望某人做某事;dependonhertobelate/dependonherarrivingontime别指望她不迟到;dependuponit毫无疑问、没错;Heisthemantobedependedupon他这人靠得住;It(all)depends…靠……决定(on可省);
用法:
(1)、dependon后可接连接副词引导的从句,不能用if,而要用whether引导。
意为“依……而定”。
如:
Thisdependsonwhetherthemedicineiseffective.
(2)、dependon/upon和relyon/upon不直接接从句,若要接从句这个从句要放在it之后。
如:
Idependuponitthathewillwanttocome.
配套练习:
①Idon’tthinkheistherightperson___.
A.todependonB.thatIcandependC.IcandependonD.tobedepended
②Youmaydepend___itwon’thappenagain.
A.thatB.onthatC.onitD.onitthat
③Wouldyoucomeoverforsupperthisevening?
I’dliketo,but___.
A.I’llneverknowB.italldependsC.thatdependson
D.mymotherwon’tpromisemeto
④I’mplanningtoholdapartyintheopenair,butIcanmakenoguaranteesbecauseit___theweather.
A.linkswithB.dependsonC.connectstoD.decideson
⑤IpromiseIwillgoshoppingwithyoutomorrow.Youcan___.
A.dependB.believeC.dependonmeD.bedepended
10、apply使用、适用。
短语:
applyforajob求职;applyoneselftosth致力于;applyone’smindto专心于;applytosbforsth适用、向某人申请;applysomethingto把……施用于;
配套练习:
①Ifyouareinterestedinthejob,youcanwritetoourcompanyand___.
A.applyforitB.applyitforC.bidforitD.applytoit
②Everyyearmanycollegegraduates___thecompany___ajob.
A.appliedto;forB.appliedfor;toC.applyfor;toD.applyto;for
③I___fo