英国文学简史复习资料整理版.docx
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英国文学简史复习资料整理版
英国文学简史复习资料(整理版)
I.OldEnglishLiterature&theLateMedievalAges
贝奥武夫:
the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons
GeoffreyChaucer杰弗里•乔叟1340(?
)~1400
ThefatherofEnglishpoetry.
坎特伯雷故事集:
firsttimetouse‘heroiccouplet’(双韵体)bymiddleEnglish
特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德
③声誉之宫
TheRenaissancePeriod
Aperiodofdramaandpoetry.TheElizabethandramaistherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissance.
Renaissance:
theactivity,spirit,ortimeofthegreatrevivalofart,literature,andlearninginEuropebeginninginthe14thcenturyandextendingtothe17thcentury,markingthetransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.
ThreehistoricaleventsoftheRenaissance–rebirthorrevival:
1.newdiscoveriesingeographyandastrology
2.thereligiousreformationandeconomicexpansion
3.rediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekculture
Themostfamousdramatists:
ChristopherMarlowe
WilliamShakespeare
BenJohnson.
WilliamShakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616
Historicalplays:
HenryVI亨利六世;HenryIV:
RichardIII查理三世;HenryV;RichardII;HenryVIII
FourComedies:
皆大欢喜;第十二夜;仲夏夜之梦;
威尼斯商人
③FourTragedies:
哈姆莱特;奥赛罗;
李尔王;麦克白
④ShakespeareSonnet:
154
Threequatrainandonecouplet,ababcdcdefefgg
Asonnetisalyricconsistingof14lines,usuallyiniambicpentameterrestrictedtoadefinitionrhymescheme.
⑤thecomedyoferrors错中错,TitusAndronicus泰特斯·安特洛尼克斯,TheTamingoftheshrew驯悍记Love'slabour'slost(爱的徒劳)
RomeoandJuliet罗密欧与朱丽叶Muchadoaboutnothing(无事生非)ThemerrywivesofWindsor.温莎的风流娘们KingJohn约翰王
All'swellthatendswell终成眷属Measureformeasure(一报还一报)
Bacon:
OfStudies;OfBeauty;OfMarriageandSingleLifeEnglishBourgeoisRevolution,学术的推进
III:
theperiodoftheEnglishbourgeoisrevolution.
Milton:
1608~1674
ParadiseLost;SamsonAgonistes(力士参孙);
OnthemorningofChrist’sNativity,复乐园
我的失明论出版自由
为英国人民声辩
Bunyan:
1628~1688
①ReligionaryAllegory:
天路历程
GraceAboundingtotheChiefofSinner;
theHolyWar
JohnDon:
theMetaphysicalpoet(玄学派诗人).
MetaphysicalPoetry(玄学诗):
(用语)thedictionissimple,theimageryisfromtheactual,(形式)theformisfrequentlyanargumentwiththepoet’sbeloved,withgod,orwithhimself.(主题:
love,religious,thought)
TheFlea;跳蚤ForbbidingMourning,SongsAndSonnets歌与十四行诗,emergentoccasions突变引起的诚念Helysonnets
The18thCentury:
Enlightenment
Arevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks,order,logic,restrainedemotion(抑制情感)andaccuracy
TheAgeofEnlightenment/Reason:
themovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissanceofthe15thand16thcentries,aprogressiveintellectualmovement,reason(rationality),equality&science(the18thcentury)
小说崛起:
Inthemid-century,thenewlyliteraryform,modernEnglishnovelrised(realisticnovel现实主义小说)
Gothicnovel(哥特式小说):
mystery,horror,castles(frommiddleparttotheendofcentury)
JonathanSwift乔纳森•斯威夫特1667~1745
(十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家amastersatirist。
)
格列佛游记(fictionalwork)
Fourparts:
Lilliput小人国Brobdingnag大人国
FlyingIsland飞岛Houyhnhnm马岛
一个小小的建议
书战
木桶的故事
④一个麻布商的书信
⑤BickerstaffAlmanac比克斯塔福历书
DanielDefoe丹尼尔•笛福1660~1731
(小说家,新闻记者,小册子作者;十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。
)Heisthefirstwriterstudyofthelower-classpeople,hislanguageissmooth,easy,colloquialandmostlyvernacular,andheisthefounderofrealisticnovel.
鲁宾逊漂流记
ItpraisethefortitudeofthehumanlaborandthePuritan.
Robinsongrewfromanaiveandartlessyouthintoashrewdandhardenedman,temperedbynumeroustrialsinhiseventfullife.
Itisanadventurestory,Robinson,narrateshowhegoestosea,getsshipwreckedandmaroonedonalonelyisland,strugglestolivefor24-yearsthereandfinallygetsrelievedandreturnstoEngland.
④辛格顿船长
HenryFielding亨利•菲尔丁1707~1754
ThefunderoftheEnglishrealisticworld
Heiscalled“FatherofEnglishnovel”.Hewasthefirsttowritea“Comicepicinprose”(散文体史诗),andthefirsttogivethemodernnovelitsstructureandstyle.
①novels:
弃婴汤姆•琼斯
约瑟夫•安德鲁
大诗人江奈生•威尔德
爱米利亚
②plays:
一七三六年历史记事
堂吉柯德在英国
WilliamBlake威廉•布莱克1757~1827
①天真之歌
Ahappyandinnocentworldfromchildren’seye.
②经验之歌
Awordofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwithamelancholytonefrommeneyes.
Include:
扫烟囱的小孩
Lambisasymbolofpeaceandpurity
Tygerisasymbolofdreadandoiolence
③天堂与地狱的婚姻
RobertBurns罗伯特•彭斯1759~1796
ThegreatestScottishpoetinthelate18thcentury.
PoemsChieflyintheScottishDialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗
①约翰•安德生,我的爱人,ChieflyintheScottishDialect,苏格兰抒情歌谣集
②一朵红红的玫瑰
③友谊地久天长
④不管那一套
⑤我的心在那高原上
⑥
⑦自由树FarewelltoScotland再见苏格兰
VTheRomanticPeriod
Theromanticperiodbeganin1798thepublicationofWordsworthandColeridge’s,andendin1832withSirWalterScott’sdeath.
Romanticism:
Itemphasizethespecialqualitieofeachindividual’smind.(人应该是独立自由的个体)
Init,emotionoverreason,spontaneousemotion,achangefromtheouterworldofsocialcivilizationtotheinnerworldofthehumanspirit,poetryshouldbefreefromallrules,imagination,nature,commonplace.
TwomajornovelistsoftheRomanticperiodareJaneAusten(realistic)andWalterScott(romantic).
“TheLakePoets”湖畔诗人,wholivedinthelakedistrict.
WilliamWordsworth;SamuelTaylorColeridge;RobertSouthey
WilliamWordsworth威廉•华兹华斯1770~1850
①抒情歌谣集(withSamuelTaylorColeridge)
②③MyHeartLeapsupWhenIBehold,④AboveTinternAbbey;⑤IntimationsofImmortality⑥LinesComposedAFewMilesAboveTinternAbbey⑦TheSolitaryReaper孤独的割麦女⑧序曲
GeorgeGordonByron乔治•戈登•拜伦1788~1824
(拜伦式英雄Byronicheroes孤傲、狂热、浪漫,却充满了反抗精神。
内心充满了孤独与苦闷,却又蔑视群小。
恰尔德•哈罗德是拜伦诗歌中第一个“拜伦式英雄”。
)
“Byronichero”isaproud,mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleorigin,againsttyrannicalrulesormoralprinciples.
①唐•璜
恰尔德•哈罗德尔游记
该隐
②当初我们俩分别
MySoulisDark;TheFirstKissofLove;
PersyByssheShelley波西•比希•雪莱1792~1822
①PoeticDrama:
解放了的普罗米修斯
Theme:
thedramacelebraiesman’svictoryovertyrannyandoppression
②麦布女王伊斯兰的反叛钦契一家
诗辩无神论的必要性
③Lyrics:
西风颂
Love'sPhilosophy;TheCloud;ToaSkylark(致云雀);
JohnKeats约翰•济慈1795~1821
(“美即是真,真即是美”是他的著名诗句。
)
①Fourgreatodes:
希腊古瓮颂夜莺颂
心灵颂忧郁颂②秋颂③③Isabella
TheVictorianPeriod1832-1900EnglishCriticalRealism(VictorianEra)
Commonsenseandmoralpropreity,againbecamethepredominantpreoccupation.Criticalrealistswereallconcernedaboutthefateofthecommonpeopleandeverydayevents.
CharlesDickens查尔斯•狄更斯1812~1870
(批判现实主义小说家)thegreatestrepresentativeofEnglishcriticalrealistwriter
①匹克威克外传
②奥利弗•特维斯特(雾都孤儿)
③老古玩店
④圣诞颂歌
⑤董贝父子
⑥大卫•科波菲尔
⑦荒凉山庄
艰难时世
⑧双城记(London&Paris)
⑨远大前程
⑩我们共同的朋友SketchesbyBoz;AmericanNotes美国札记
WilliamMakepeaceThackeray威廉•麦克匹斯•萨克雷1811~1863
①oraNovelwithoutaHero名利场(thenameisanexcerptfrombyJohnBunyan)
②
③Cox'sDiary庸人之书
JaneAusten简•奥斯丁1775~1817
Shecomparedherworkstoafineengravinguponaliterarypieceofivoryonlyinchessquire.
①理智与感情
傲慢与偏见曼斯菲尔德庄园爱玛
诺桑觉寺劝导
CharlotteBronte夏洛蒂•勃朗特1816~1855
①简•爱②雪莉③教师
EmilyBronte艾米莉•勃朗特1818~1854
①呼啸山庄
GeorgeEliot乔治•艾略特1819~1880
①弗洛斯河上的磨坊②亚当•比德
③织工马南④米德尔马契
MidandLate19thCentury
RobertBrowning罗伯特•白朗宁1812~1889
①我已故的公爵夫人
②海外乡思
MenandWomen;DramaticLyrics;PippaPaaaes;TheRingandtheBook;
ElizabethBarrettBrowing:
①葡萄牙十四行诗
Christina.G.Rossetti:
1830-1894SeekandFind;AStoryforGirls;Song;ABirthday
1900~1950The20thCentury
Playwrights
OscarWilde
GeorgeBernardShaw
HenrryJames:
thewingsofadove;aportraitofawomen;DaisyMiller;theambassadors;thegoldenbowl
GeorgeBernardShaw乔治•伯纳•萧1856~1950
(英国杰出的批判现实主义剧作家)criticalrealisticdramatist
①PlaysUnpleasant华伦夫人的职业鳏夫的房产
②PlaysPleasant武器与人左右命运的人
③Plays人与超人匹格玛利翁苹果车
圣女贞德HeartbreakHouse
.ThomasHardy托马斯•哈代1840~1928