Unit3 Men and Women Different导学案.docx
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Unit3MenandWomenDifferent导学案
Unit3MenandWomenDifferent导学案
UandWomenD导学案
UandWomenDRol一.教学内容:
Unit3(II)
语法讲解:
直接引语和间接引语
引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。
直接引用别人的原话,两边用引号标出,叫做直接引语;用自己的语言转述别人的话,不需要引号叫做间接引语,实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句(其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外,其转换后是不定式)。
那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句,转换为间接引语时,句子的结构、人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化,如何变化呢?
人称的转变
(1)直接引语中的第一人称,一般转换为第三人称,如:
Hesaid,“Iamv”→Hesaidthathewasv
(2)直接引语中的第二人称,如果原话是针对转述人说的,转换为第一人称,如:
“Youshouldbarefulnexttime,”myfathertoldme.→athertoldmethatIshouldbarefulthenex(3)直接引语中的第二人称,如果原话是针对第三人称说的,转换成第三人称。
如:
aid“I'llurhomewght.”→aidatshewouldworkthatnig(4)人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等,如:
Heaskedme,“Willyougationwafrienda?
”→
HeaskedmewhetherIwouldgationwafriendata总之,人称的转换不是固定的,具体情况,具体对待,要符合逻辑。
2.时态的转换
直接引语改为间接引语时,主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时,从句(即间接引语部分)的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化,变成过去时范畴的各种时态(实际也是宾语从句的时态要求),变化如下:
直接引语间接引语直接引语间接引语
一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时
现在进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时
现在完成时过去完成时过去进行时过去进行时
一般将来时过去将来时
例如:
“Iamverygladtovisityourschool”,shesaid.→aidshewasverygladtovisitourschool.
Tomsaid,“Wearelisteningusic.”→
Tomsaidthattheywerelisteninguasked,“HaveyoudyourhomeworkbuwatchTV?
”→askedmewhetherIhaddworkbeforeIwatchedTV.
Heaskedductor,“WhereshallIgangetoaNo.3bus?
”→
HeaskedductorwwouldgangetoaNo.3bus.
“Whydidusetogothere?
”theteacherasked.→
Theteacheraskedwadrefusedtogaskedme,“HadyoudyourhomeworkbuwatchedTV?
”→askedmewhetherIhaddworkbeforeIwatchedTV.
Tomsaid,“Wewerehavingafootballmaday.”→
TomsaidthattheywerehavingafootballmatchthadaybHesaid,“Ihaven'theardadays.”→
Hesaidthathehadn'theardada直接引语变成间接引语时,从句时态无须改变的情况
(1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候,如:
Healwayssays,“Iamtiredout.”→Healwayssaysthadout.
(2)当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候,如:
Hewillsay,“I’llblpyou.”→Hewillsaythathewillbl(3)当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时,如:
Hesaid,“Iwlleg”→Hetoldusthathewlleg(4)当直接引语中有以when,while引导的从句,表示过去的时间时,如:
Hesaid,“WhenIwasachild,Iusuallyplayedfootballal.”→
Hesaidthatwhenhewasachild,heusuallyplayedfootballal.
(5)当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时,如:
Ourteachersaidtous,“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”→
Ourteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.
(6)当引语是谚语、格言时,如:
Hesaid,“Practicema”→Hesaidthatpracticema(7)当直接引语中有情态动词should,would,could,hadbetter,wouldraght,must,oughtto,usedd时,如:
例如:
Thedoctorsaid,“You'dbetterdrinkplwater.”→
ThedoctorsaidI'dbetterdrinkplwaHesaid,“Shemustbeateacher.”→HesaidthatshemustbeateaHesaid,“Sheoughttohavearrivedbynow.”→
HesaidthatsheoughttohavearrivedbTheteachersaid,“Youneedn'thandinyouday.”→
Theteachersaidweneedn't/didn'tneedto/didn'thavetohandinouasked,“MustItadicine?
”→Sheaskedadtotad[注]:
此处用hadto代替must更好
(8)此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定,不能机械照搬,如果当地转述,here不必改为there,动词come不必改为go,如果当天转述yesterdaw,thisa等均不必改变。
如:
Teacher:
Youmayhavetheballgaaudent:
Whatdidtheteachersa?
:
Hesaidwemighthavetheballgaa时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化
(1)时间状语:
直接引语间接引语直接引语间接引语
nowwthenext(following)dadaythatdaynextwxt(following)week(ar)daythedaybeforetwodaysagotwodaysblastweek(ar)theweek(ar)bweekthatweek(ar)
(2)指示代词:
these变成(3)地点状语:
here变成aid,“Iwon'a”→Shesaidthatshewouldn’tga(4)动词:
come变成go,bring变成ta直接引语变成间接引语,句子结构的变化
(1)陈述句。
用连词that引导,that在口语中常省略。
主句的谓语动词可用直接引语中的said,也可用told来代替,注意,可以说saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that,不可直接说toldthat,如:
Hesaid,“IhavebGreatWall.”→HesaidtousthathehadbGreatWall.
Hesaid,“I'llgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday.”→
HetoldusthathewouldgiveusanexaminaxtMonday.(不可说toldthat)
此外主句中的谓语还常有:
at,wanswer,reply,explain,announce,decla等,又如:
Hesaid,“I'mlatebecauavytraffic.”→Heexplainedtousthathewaslatebecauavytra如果间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列从句,第一个连词可以省略,以后的连词一般不省略,以免混乱。
Thedoctorsaid,“Youauslyill,Youwillbeb”→
Thedoctorsaid(that)IwauslyillandthatIwouldbeb
(2)直接引语为一般疑问句,(也称是否疑问句,)间接引语用连词whether或if引导,原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等),语序是陈述句的语序,这一点非常重要。
Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultywunciation?
”→
Heasked(me)whether/ifIhadanydifficultywunciaHesaid,“YouadinEnglish,aren'tyou?
”→
HeaskedwhetherIwadinEngl(3)直接引语为选择疑问句,间接引语用whether…or…表达,而不用if…or…,也不用either…or…。
如:
Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?
”→
HeaskedmewhetherIglishorFIasked,“Willyoutakebusortaketrain?
”→
Iaskedhimwwouldtakebusortaketra(4)直接引语为特殊疑问句,改成间接引语时,原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词,主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达,语序改为陈述句语序。
如:
Heasked,“What'syourname?
”→Heasked(me)whatmynamewas.
Heaskedus,“Howmanycarfaavebeenbuiltinyourcountry?
”→
Heaskedushowmanycarfaadbeenbuiltinourcou(5)直接引语为祈使句时,改为间接引语,用带to的不定式表达,谓语动词常是ask,advise,tell,warn,order,request等。
如asksb.todo,(由肯定祈使句变成)asksbdo(由否定祈使句转变),并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。
如:
Hesaid,“Beseated,please.”→Heaskedustobeseated.
“Dobecarefulwithyourhandwriting.”Hesaid.→
Hetoldmetobecarefulwandwriting.
“Nevagain!
”saidarby.→
Tderedthevillagersnevertogaga“Don'ttouchanythinglabwithou”theteachersaid.→
Theteacherwarnedthestuduchanythinglabwithou(6)有些含有“建议”→、“劝告”→的祈使句,可用sugg等动词转述,如:
Hesaid,“Let'shavearest.”→HesuggestedourhavingaHesaid,“Llpyou.”→Hdtohel(7)当直接引语形式上是疑问句,有表示请求,建议意义时,可用asksb.todosth./suggestdoing/advisesb.todosth.等形式转述。
如:
“Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?
”heasked.→Heaskedd“Whynotgoingoutforawalk?
”heaskedus.→
Headvisedustogooutforawalk.或Hesuggestedwegooutforawalk.
(8)直接引语是感叹句时,变间接引语可用what或how引导,也可用that引导,如:
aid,“Whatalovelydayitis!
”→Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.或Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.
【模拟试题】(答题时间:
60分钟)
一、阅读理解
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项。
Aghbor’s8-year-olddaughterusedtostauntrysidativeplace.RecentlyherparentsbrougwntolivewRudeandwild,shewouldswearoruseimpolitewordswwasdispleasedwartorollgrounddisgustofallpeoplearound.Herpadtotameherbybeatingandkicking,onlulviolance.Finallytheybecaughlydisappointeddaxt-doorneighbor,aretiredwomanteacher,gavethegirlasnow-whitedress,whichwasverybeautiful.Itimmediatelyarousedspaandmadbrilliantly.Thegirlpudressandbecamequitealongersaidrudewordvenlessrolledlwrunningwildwasbeneauchabeautifuldgirlhasbeengentle,neatandlovely.
Tgalot.Maybeeverybodyhasabeautifuldresshiddensomewart.Onllearen’tawaglBeautyisalsoapowerfulItcanaqualathumansarebornwithbuthavesofarunrevealed.Ithassoul-shakinginfluencethatisindeedunparalleledWecanleaaragraphthat_______________.
A.thegirlwaspleasedtoswearanduserudewords
B.notalllearounddislikedgirlbecamepoliteafterbeingbeatingandkicking
D.thegirlwashardtotame
2.Thetextismainlywxplain_____________.
A.beatingandkickingverything
B.evanbeeducatedverybodydreamsofhavingabeautifuldD.beauwerfulandvWhatmightbuitabletitlxt?
A.RetiredWomanTeacherB.ANaughtyGirlABeautifulDressD.AMovingStory
B
TheAmericansdividedlidawodIaalgovlidaarefixedadavideathree-dayweekendaTummerholidays—MemorialDay,theFouuly(IndependenceDay)andLabourDay—arelegaloutdoorbarbecues(烤肉野餐).AllaubersduWebergrill(烤架)adogldrenandtakeouakorribadulThepopulationatlargealsoobservesadunofficialholidaPatrick’sDayturnseverybodUnitedStaaryIandwomen.Everythingturnsgreen.Barsservegreenbeer,baducegreenbread,ChicagogxtramileanddvergNewYear’sEvecelebraastCoaaroundtelevisionevTquare,NewalorganizationannounceswNewYeararrives.BuUnitedStatescoversfivNewYearjumpsau-hourjumps,andbHawalNewYeauastaslWhydlidaysarefixedtoneaday?
A.BecauaalgovlidaB.BecausethelargepopulaareunofficialholidaInordvidealongerholidaaD.InordvideweekendaWllowingdoesNOTbelongalgovlidays?
A.St.Patrick’sDayB.TheFouulLabourDayDalDaAccordingassage,wllowingstaue?
A.Onoutdoorbarbecues,providingpadogldrenandadulBPatrick’sDay,everythingturnsordyesgludingbeerbreadandrivTheNewYeariscelebratedatthesaUSA.
D.BHawalansthattheNewYeaginUSAInthepalewhograduatedllegefeltproudacademicachievementandbelievethadegreewouldheldagoodjob.
Howevastfouryeabmarkethaschangeddramatically.Thisyear’scollegegraduatesarefacingworstjobmaars.Forexample,RyanStewart,agraduateofSaateUnivgotadegligiousstudies,buthehasnotgottenanyjobHutthatmanypeoplealreadyworkingaregettinglaidoffanddon’thavejob’sevenhardwcollegegraduadjobs.
Fouryearsaguturelookedbriglassof2003.Thereweremanyhigh-tech(“dotcom”)jobopportugraduavedmanyjobandtheywereabletogetjobswithhighsalariesandbuchasinsuranceandpaidvacations.However,“Timeshavechanged.It’sanewmarket,”accordinglAllmen-VinnidgaateCaAllmen-Vinnidgesaysstudentswhodofindjobsstartedpreparingtwoyearsago.Theyworkedduringsummervacaavehadseveralandtheymajoredinfieldsthatarestillpayingwell,suchasaccountingornursing