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初中英语语法九
初中英语语法九
施诗2015年4月17号
动词时态语法
一、一般现在时:
(1)概念:
经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况,以及客观真理。
(2)时间状语:
always, usually, often, sometimes,seldom, never, every…, once a week, on Sundays, etc.
例如:
we don’t go to school on Sundays. The earth moves around the sun.
二、一般过去时:
(1)概念:
过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
(2)时间状语:
ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, (long long,two days )ago,onceupon a time,etc. 例如:
Where did you go just now?
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
三、一般将来时:
(1)概念:
表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
(2)时间状语:
tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, the day after tomorrow, this evening, in 2012 , by the year 2012, etc.
(3)基本结构:
①am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do.
例如:
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
四、现在进行时:
(1)概念:
表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
(2)时间状语:
now,listen,look,at this time, these days, etc.
(3) 基本结构:
am/is/are+doing
例如:
Mr. Green is writing another novel these days . It's getting warmer and warmer.
五、过去进行时:
(1)概念:
表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
(2)时间状语:
at this time yesterday,at seven o’clock yesterday evening, at that time或
以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
(3)基本结构:
was/were+doing
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. It was raining when they left the station.
六、现在完成时:
(1)概念:
过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
(2) 时间状语:
for接时间段, since接时间点或时间状语从句, just(刚刚),already(已经),never(从来没有), ever(曾经),before(以前),yet(已经),once(一次),twice(两次),many times(很多次), how many times(多少次),so far(迄今为止),during the past(last)three years(最近三年来)
(3)基本结构:
have/has + done
例如:
I have lived here for more than twenty years。
I have lived here since I was born.
七、过去完成时:
(1)概念:
以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即―过去的过去‖。
(2)时间状语:
by last week, by the end of last year(term, month…),by the time etc.
(3)基本结构:
had + done.
例如:
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
配套习题:
时态复习练习题
1.I will tell him as soon as he _____ back A. come B. comes C. will come D. came
2. Mary _____ on shoes when she ____ them.
A. tries…buys B. tries… buies C. trys… buys D. trys… buies
3. The girl often ______ cold when she ______.
A. cathcs…dances B. catches… dances C. catchs…dancees D. catches… dancee
4. _____ he ____ himself there?
No, I don't think so.
A. Do…enjoy B. Does… enjoies C. Does… enjoys D. Does…enjoy
5. _____ your teacher ____ from them very often?
Certainly.
A. Do…hear B. Does…hear C. Do… receive D. receive
6. _____ your mother _____ some cleaning on Sundays?
A. Does…does B. Do…does C. Does…do D. Do… do
7. _____ Tom _____to work hard to help his family ?
Yes, he _____.
A. Has… x…does B. Has…x…does C. Does…has…has D. Does… have…does
8. Which teacher _____ lessons to you every day ?
A. does …gives B. does… give C. do… give D. gives
9. Smith does not go fishing on weekdays, ____?
_____ , he does.
A. does he…No B. does he…Yes C. doesn't he…No D. doesn't he…Yes
10.Mr Black often _____ fishing on Sundays, _____ he ?
A. goes…doesn't B. goes…isn't C. doesn't go…does D. doesn't go…is
11.He usually _____ TV on Sunday evening.
A. watch B. watches C. watching D. is watching
12. We'll go to play with snow if it ______ tomorrow.
A. snow B. snows C. will snow D. snowed
13. Neither I nor he ______ French.
A. speak B. doesn't speak C. speaks D. doesn't speak
14. Nobody ______ how to run this machines.
A . know B. have known C. knows D. is knowing
15. The Young Pioneer _____ water for the old man every day.
A. carry B. bring C. takes D. carries
16. Some are ______ in the river and some are ______ games.
A. swimming… playing B. swimming…plaiing
C. swimming… I playing D. swimming…plaing
17. Look !
The boy students are _____ football while the girls are _____ .
A. playing… dance B. playing… dancing C. play… dancing D. play… dance
18. He _____ to do his lessons at eight every evening.
A. is beginning B. is beginning C. begin D. begins
19. _____ he _____ on well with his friends this term ?
A. Does…gets B. Does…get C. Is…getting D. Is…geting
20. Mr Smith _____ short stories, but he ____ a TV play these days.
A. is writing…is writing B. is writing… writes C. writes… is writing D. writes… Writes
参考答案:
1—5 BABDB 6—10 CDDBA 11—15 BBCCD
16—20 CBDCC
被动语态语法
一. 总述:
英语动词有两种语态,即主动语态(The Active Voice)和被动语态(The Passive Voice).主动语态表示主语是动
作的执行者。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
二. 被动语态的结构:
be + 动词过去分词 + (by+动作执行者)
三. 主动句变被动句万能口诀:
抓.看.变. 1.抓宾语 2.看时态 3.变动词
四. 被动语态的基本时态变化:
1. 一般现在时的被动语态.:
(构成:
am / is / are + 动词的过去分词) Our classroom is cleaned every day. This car is made in China. 2.一般过去式的被动语态:
(构成:
was / were + 动词的过去分词) His desk was cleaned just now. The station was built in 1928.
3.现在进行时的被动语态:
(构成:
am / is / are + being + 动词的过去分词)
A new factory is being built in our city now. Some trees are being cut down in the park. 4.过去进行时的被动语态:
(构成:
was / were + being + 动词的过去分词) A new factory was being built in our city at that time.
Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year. 5.一般将来时的被动语态:
构成:
(1) will / shall + be + 动词的过去分词
(2) am / is / are + going to be +动词的过去分词.
Some new factories will be built in our city this year. Your watch is going to be mended in an hour. 6.现在完成时的被动语态:
(构成:
have / has + been + 动词的过去分词)
Some new factories have been built in the city since last year. Your watch has been mended already. 7.含情态动词的被动式:
(构成:
can/may/must/should + be + done) 例如:
He can not be found. I must be paid for this.
五. 被动语态的特殊结构形式
1.有些动词带有双宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语,可以分别把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓
语后面。
(常见的接双宾语的动词有:
send, pass, give, post, bring ,buy, show, take) 主动句:
His mother gave him a present for his birthday.
被动句:
He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.
或 A present was given to him by his mother for his birthday.
2.在使役动词let, make, have,以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, listen to等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to。
Someone saw a stranger walk on the road. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk on the road.
3.主动结构表示被动意义:
(1)英语中有很多动词如drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时, 常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
This kind of shirt sells well.这种样式的裙子卖的很好。
(2) look, taste, smell, seem, sound等系动词用主动结构表示被动意义。
The soup tastes good.
She looks very beautiful today.
(3) 只有及物动词有被动语态,不及物动词没有被动语态。
如:
happen, take place, break out ,belong to,last. Great changes have taken place in our hometown.
配套习题:
英语被动语态练习题
1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?
A. Is,built B. Was , built C. Does build D . Did build
2.An accident ____ on this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened
3.Cotton ____ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow
4.So far, the moon ____ by man already. A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited
5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives
6.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done
7.The doctor _____ for yet. A. isn't sent B. hasn't been sent C. won't be sent D. wasn't sent
8.--When ___ this kind of computers______?
--Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C .is; used D. are; used
9.Who _____ this book _____?
A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written 10.Mary ____ show me her new dictionary. A. has asked to B. was asked to C. is asked D. asks to
11.A story _____ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us 12.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump
13.Older people ____ well. A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after
14..Our teacher ______ carefully. A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened
15. In some part of the world, tea _______ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. Served
16.It was reported that the murderer _______ arrested. A. has been B. had been C. has D. had 17. Do you think that the bridge ______ in a year?
A. would be completed B. will be completed C. had been completed D. is being completed
18. Great changes _______ in China since the People’s Republic of China _______ in 1949.
A. have taken place; was founded B. has taken place; was founded C. have been taken place; founded D. took place; founded
19.—Why does Ling Ling look so unhappy?
—She has _______ by her classmates.
A. laughed B. laughed at C. been laughed D. been laughed at
20. Doctors _______ in every part of the world. A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need
[参考答案]
1-5 BDACC 6-10 BBBBB 11-15 BDBAB 16-20 BBADC
动词不定式
一.概念:
动词不定式属于非谓语动词形式的一种.不定式的形式:
to do sth 不定式可以在句子中做主语.表语.宾语.定语.状语.补语,具有名词、形容词和副词的功能。
二.动词不定式的用法:
1、用途一:
具有名词特征,可以在句子中作主语
作主语时,要记住:
谓语动词要使用单数的动词形式。
例如:
To say is easy, to do is difficult. 说的容易,做来难。
To travel in space will come true. 在太空旅行即将成为现实。
在充当主语的位置上可用it 替代不定式,这时句子意思不变。
It will come true to travel in space. 在太空旅行即将成为现实。
在使用不定式作主语时,记住典型句型是It is /was +形容词+to do sth 如:
It is hard to learn English well.
2、用途二:
具有名词特征.可以在及物动词之后作宾语。
常见动词有:
begin(开始),decide(决定),hate(憎恨),like(喜欢),love(喜爱),refer(宁愿),start(开始),want(想要),wish(