高级英语单元七.docx

高级英语单元七.docx

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高级英语单元七

TheAgeofMiracleChips

文章结构分析/Structuralandstylisticanalysis

TheAgeofMiracleChips

Structuralandstylisticanalysis

Thispassageisanexposition.

Thesis:

Newmicrotechnologywilltransformsociety.

Thisinertfleckhasastonishingpowersthatarealreadytransformingsociety.

1stPart:

Section1:

Whatitislike,theoutlook,theappearanceofthemiraclechip.

Section2:

Itsuses,theadvantages/superiorityofmicrocomputerovertheoldtypeofcomputers.

Section3:

Thesignificanceofthismiraclechip.Thedevelopmentofthemicrocomputermarksthethirdstageofhumandevelopment,followingtheinventionofhandtoolsandthatofsteamengine.

Onecanalmostsaythatthedevelopmentofhandtoolsmarksthetransformationofhumanbeingfromapetoman.Anditisknowntoallthatthedevelopmentofsteamenginegreatlyemancipatedproductivity,acceleratedtheadvancementofhumandevelopmentfromfeudalismtocapitalismandimperialism.

Itcanbeestimatedthatthenewtechnologywillaffectourlifeinwaysbothweknowandwedon'tknow.

Techniqueadopted:

Descriptionoftheanintegratedcircuit

Comparisonofthesimilaritiesandthedifferences

2ndPart:

Section1.（Paras.1.Itis7:

30.2.Afterherhusband.3.Wellsianfantasy?

）

ThematutinalscenarioofMr.Aladdin'sfamily,anordinaryfamilyinlatter-dayAmericansocietywhenequippedwithcomputers.

Thefirstsectionofthispartisactuallyanarrativeprose.ThethreeparasgiveavividdescriptionofwhatlifeinanordinaryAmericanfamilywillbelikewhenequippedwiththecomputer.Theauthoradoptedamixtureofactiveandoldfashionorbig/militarywordstoportraitthemorninghappeningsinthefamily.

Theclockburr,blindssnapup,percolatorburbling,TVblinkson,snuglyabed,sauntersout...Allthesephrasescreatedapictureofvivid,comfortable,smooth,perfectlyorderedlife.

Theexpression"eyeball-to-eyeball"ischoseninsteadof"face-to-face"or"eye-to-eye"tostressdirectness,closenessasifAlicewerejuststandinginthemarkettalkingwiththemerchant.

Theword"commandeer"makesthereaderimaginethatMrs.Aislikeapersonwithcommandingforce,whoseizes,ortakesovereverythingshewantsforherownuse.Andalsotheword"supply".Thenshe"orders","directs...,obviouslyshehasthegoverningpower.

Therearealsosomeslangwordssuchas"tube","groovy"tomakethegeneralatmospherelight,pleasant,relaxedandlively.

Section2.（Paras.from"Themicroelectronicrevolutionpromises..."to"beyondthekenofmanyeducators"）Themanyusesofthismicroelectronicrevolution.

Inthissectionthetechniqueofillustratingisadopted,thatis,lotsofexamplesareusedtoshowthecapabilityofthecomputerinvariousareasoflife.

Section3.Conclusion:

thecomputerrevolutionis...toahigherorderofexistence.

TheAgeofMiracleChips修辞方法/Metonymy,Synecdoche,Alliteration

TheAgeofMiracleChips

RHETORIC

Metonymy

Metonymyisafigureofspeechthathastodowiththesubstitutionofthenameofonethingforthatofanother.Thissubstitutednamemaybeanattributeofthatotherthingorbecloselyassociatedwithit.Inotherwords,itinvolvesachangeofname.

Shewasagirlwhoexcitedtheemotions,butIwasnotonetoletmyheartrulemyhead.

Hetooktothebottle.

...littleoldJapanadriftamidbeigeconcreteskyscrapers...strugglebetweenkimonoandtheminiskirt

IthoughtthatHiroshimastillfelttheimpact

Metonymycanbederivedfromvarioussources:

a.Namesofpersons

UncleSam:

theUSA

LuXun:

allthebookswrittenbyhim

IamrecentlyreadingLuXun.

b.Animals

thebear:

theSovietunion

thedragon:

theChinese

c.Partsofthebody

heart:

feelingsandemotions

head,brain:

wisdom,intelligence,reason

greyhair:

oldage

d.Profession:

thepress:

newspapers,reportersetc.

HemetthepressyesterdayeveningattheGrandHotel.

thebar:

thelegalprofession

e.Locationofgovernment,businessetc.

DowningStreet:

theBritishGovernment

theWhiteHouse:

theUSpresidentandhisgovernment

theCapitalHill:

USCongress

WallStreet:

USfinancialcircles

Hollywood:

Americanfilm-makingindustry

JustastheIndustrialRevolutiontookoveranimmenserangeoftasksfromMEN'sMUSCLESandenormouslyexpanded

productivity,sothemicrocomputerisrapidlyassuminghugeburdensofdrudgeryfromHUMANBRAINandtherebyexpandingthemindscapacities...

Synecdoche

Synecdoche（tiyu）hasoftenbeenconfusedwithMetonymy,andsometimeseventreatedsynonymously.Thisisnotsurprising,asbothfiguresofspeechinvolvesubstitution.Thedistinctionliesinthefactthatwhilemetonymyinvolvesthesubstitutionofthenameofonethingforthatofanother,synecdocheinvolvesthesubstitutionofthePartfortheWHOLEor

viceversa.

a.PartfortheWhole:

...eatyourhumbleBREADandCHEESE...

AllHANDSondeck.

Allofasudden,IsawaSAILinthedistance.

...eye-balltoeye-ballconsultationswith...ontheTUBE...

Thecomputerrevolutionis...liberatingLIMBS...

cf:

metonymy

takeoverfromHUMANMUSCLESandassumeburdensofdrudgeryfromtheHUMANBRAIN

b.WholeforthePart:

ChinabeatJapanatthegame.

Hecutmeopenandtookouttheappendixandstitchedmeupagain.

c.Thespeciesforthegenusorviceversa

Alas,thatSpringshouldvanishwiththeROSE!

（flowersingeneral）

WhatatrickyCREATUREheis!

（man）

d.Nameofmaterialforthethingmade

Shewasdressedinsilksandsatins.

...eye-balltoeye-ballconsultationswith...ontheTUBE...

Thecomputerrevolutionis...liberatingLIMBS...

Antonomasia（huancheng）

1.thesubstitutionofanotherdesignationforacommonobvious,ornormalone,

a.theuseofanofficialtitleoranepithetinplaceofapropername

a有两种，同样是用另外一个指称来代替一个普通明白的，或标准的说法，但第一是实指，因此给了JudgeDoe，即用“大人”代替“张（或王、李等）法官”，有如用“先生”、“阁下”指代“张省长”，“邱首相”等，

hishonourforJudgeDoe

his/hermajesty:

kingorqueen

yourhonour/highness/mightiness

而第二种是虚指，因此没有给姓氏，也没有大写，如用“首席行政长官”来代替“总统”，用“首长”，“中央领导”来代替“市长”，“省长”或“部长”“副总理”等。

但这两种替代必须是官方正式头衔或称号（anofficialtitleoranepithet），chiefexecutiveforthepresident

b:

theuseofapropernametodesignateamemberofaclass

b也有两个方面，第一点的重点在propername两个词的理解上，冯说antonomasia与metonymy的区别在于:

thepropernamemustdenotesomeideaorcharacteristicofawell-knownperson,eitherhistoryorfiction,而王也说：

Themaindifferencebetweenantonomasiaandmetonymyliesinthatintheformerthepropernounshavebiblical,mythological,historicalorliteraryoriginsSolomonawiseruler

Danielawiseandfairjudge

Judasatraitor

Hitleratyrant

Shylockanextortionateusurer

Romeoromanticyounglover

DonJuanalady-killer

Quislingtraitor

Helenbeautifulwoman

RockefellerisaNapoleonoffinance.

HeistheNapoleonofcrime.

John/HeistheNewtonofourschool/thiscentury.

thelatter-dayAladdin

AliceA

alsothemakingofacommonnounorverbfromapropername

b第二点涉及词性词义转换，法国科学家Pasteur（巴斯德）发明了巴氏消毒法，于是就产生了动词pasteurize，名词pasteurization，这种变换一目了然，毋庸赘言。

当然，如果从词源学的视角去研究，肯定也会有另一番景色。

pasteurizefromPasteur

Wellsianfantasy

Smithsonianantic

2.thegivingofpropername（astoacharacterinfiction）thatnamesorsuggestsaleadingquality

至于antonomasia的2，谢已经给了很好的说明：

“…使人物的姓（名）本身就包括一个对其特点的简短说明。

…如拜伦的MissReading，MissKnowman；狄更斯的Mr.Murderstone，萨克莱的BeckySharp等。

”其要害仍然是propername必需传递某种特性，有如汉语中的卜世仁，高大全等。

SquireAllworthy,DoctorSawbones

Parallelism

...everythingfromautomobileenginestouniversitiesandhospitals,fromfarmstobanksandcorporateoffices,fromouterspacetoababy'snursery

Onomatopoeia

alarmclockburrs

percolatorstartsburbling

Parody:

aliteraryormusicworkinwhichthestyleofanauthororworkiscloselyimitatedforcomiceffects,foramusementorridicule.

Usingthewords,thoughts,orstyleofanauthor,butbyaslightchangesoastoadaptthemtoanewpurposeorridiculouslyinappropriatesubject,bitterirony,bitingsarcasm

繁荣必然娼盛。

革命不是请客就是吃饭。

咱们共产党人是吃喝不垮的。

一个人做一件坏事并不难，难就难在一辈子只做坏事，不做好事。

去年今日此门中，人面桃花相映红，（人面麻花相对搓）

人面不知何处去，桃花依旧笑春风。

（麻花依旧下油锅）

Neverventured,nevergained（lost）.

...andthatgovernmentof（off）thepeople,by（buy）thepeople,for（foe）thepeopleshallnotperishfromtheearth.

Twinkle,twinkle,littlebat,

HowIwonderwhatyou’reat,

Upabovetheworldyoufly,

Likeateatrayinthesky.

Ajudgetoawitness:

"Doyouswearthatyouwilltellthetruth,thewholetruth,andnothingbutthetruth?

Adentisttoapatient:

"...pullthetooth,thewholetooth,andnothingbutthetooth?

"

Neverputofftilltomorrowwhatcanbedonetoday（canbeputofftilldayaftertomorrowjustaswell）.

Neverputofftilltomorrowwhatcanbe（donetoday）putofftillthedayaftertomorrowjustaswell.（MarkTwain）

theultimateapplications...arestillaroundthebendofasiliconcircuit.

Alliteration

Nexttohealth,heartandhome,happinessformobileAmericansdependsupontheautomobile.

TheAgeofMiracleChips词汇（Vocabulary）

词汇（Vocabulary）

miracle（n.）:

aneventoractionthatapparentlycontradictsknownscientificlawsandishencethoughttobeduetosupernaturalcauses，esp.toanactofGod奇迹

chip（n.）:

asemiconductorbodyinwhichanintegratedcircuitisformedoristobeformed集成电路片

silicon（n.）:

anonmetallicchemicalelementoccurringinseveralforms．foundalwaysincombination，andmoreabundantinnaturethananyotherelementexceptoxygen，withwhichitcombinestoformsilica（usedinthemanufactureoftransistors。

solarcells，rectifiers，silicones，ceramics，etc．）硅（符号Si）

inert（adj.）:

havingfewornoactiveproperties；inactive惰性的

fleck（n.）:

asmallpiece；flake；particle小片，薄片；粒子，微粒

hulking（adj.）:

1arge，heavy，andoftenunwieldyorclumsy巨大的，庞大的；笨重的

tangle（v．）:

makeakno