高中英语 议论文阅读高考真题集.docx

高中英语 议论文阅读高考真题集.docx

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议论文篇（2018年全国IC）

Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunte-rgatherers,small,tightlyknit（联系）groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.

Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialization,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.

Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages.Oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200Languages:

theAmericasabout1,000.Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber中（位数）ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworldslanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.z.x.xk

Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof,6,800languagesareclosetoextinction消（亡）,withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon（eightremainingspeakers）,ChiapanecoinMexico（150）.LipanApacheintheUnitedStates（twoorthree）orWadjiguinAustralia（one,withaquestion-mark）:

noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.

28.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?

A.Theydevelopedveryfast.B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatters.D.Theywerecloselyconnected

29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"dominant"underlinedinparagraph2？

A.Complex.B.Advanced.

C.Powerful.D.Modern.

30.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?

A.About6,800.B.About3,400.C.About2,400.D.About1,200.31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.

B.Peopleslifestylesarereflectedinlanguages

C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.

D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.

【答案】28.B 29.C 30.B 31.C

议论文篇（2018年全国IID）

are,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortable

We’veallbeenthere:

inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewho

1

silence.

What’stheproblem?

It’spossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconversationalintelligence.It’smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit’sawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkit’sannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit’saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.

Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan’tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn’t

evenexistifitweren’tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease润（滑剂）forsocial

communication,saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast.＂Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,＂heexplains.＂Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem.＂

Ina2014study,ElizabethDunn,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC,invitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteraction互（动）withitswaiter;theother,tospeakonlywhennecessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.＂It’snotthat

talkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband＂, saysDunn.＂Butinteractionswith

peripheral（边缘的）membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwel-lbeingalso.＂

Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging,abondwithothers.Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmalltalk.＂Smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmanners,＂hesays.

32.Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?

A.Addictiontosmartphones.

B.Inappropriatebehavioursinpublicplaces.

C.Absenceofcommunicationbetweenstrangers.

D.Impatiencewithslowservice.

33.WhatisimportantforsuccessfulsmalltalkaccordingtoCarducci?

A.Showinggoodmanners.B. Relatingtootherpeople.

C.Focusingonatopic.D. Makingbusinessdeals.

34.What