Argument 官方范文全新整理版.docx
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Argument官方范文全新整理版
Argument官方范文全新整理版
说明:
本版主要基于iq28的“ETS官方Argument范文”,根据原始来源修订了部分错误,并制作了目录。
致谢:
iq28,红蝎子,imong,blackdoor@;StevenJiang@上海新东方
TopicList:
AllcanbefoundattheETSwebsite:
http:
//www.ets.org/Media/Products/Criterion/topics/topics-gre.htm
1.“SixmonthsagotheregionofForestvilleincreasedthespeedlimitforvehiclestravelingontheregion'shighwaysbytenmilesperhour.Sincethatchangetookeffect,thenumberofautomobileaccidentsinthatregionhasincreasedby15percent.ButthespeedlimitinElmsford,aregionneighboringForestville,remainedunchanged,andautomobileaccidentsdeclinedslightlyduringthesamesix-monthperiod.Therefore,ifthecitizensofForestvillewanttoreducethenumberofautomobileaccidentsontheregion'shighways,theyshouldcampaigntoreduceForestville'sspeedlimittowhatitwasbeforetheincrease.”(FromPracticeBook&PP3)
2.Thefollowingappearedasalettertotheeditorofalocalnewspaper.
"Fiveyearsago,weresidentsofMorgantonvotedtokeepthepubliclyownedpieceoflandknownasScottWoodsinanatural,undevelopedstate.Ourthinkingwasthat,ifnoshoppingcentersorhouseswerebuiltthere,ScottWoodswouldcontinuetobenefitourcommunityasanaturalparkland.Butnowthatourtownplanningcommitteewantstopurchasethelandandbuildaschoolthere,weshouldreconsiderthisissue.Ifthelandbecomesaschoolsite,noshoppingcentersorhousescanbebuiltthere,andsubstantialacreagewouldprobablybedevotedtoathleticfields.Therewouldbenobetteruseoflandinourcommunitythanthis,sincealargemajorityofourchildrenparticipateinsports,andScottWoodswouldcontinuetobenefitourcommunityasnaturalparkland."(FromPP3)
3.ArecentsurveyofdentalpatientsshowedthatpeoplewhouseSmile-Brighttoothpastearemostlikelytohavecappedteeth--artificialbutnatural-lookingprotectivecoveringsplacedbydentistsonindividualteeth.ThosepeoplewhohadbegunusingSmile-BrighttoothpasteearlyinlifeweremorelikelytohavecappedteeththanwerepeoplewhohadbegunusingSmile-Brightlaterinlife.Inaddition,thosewhoreportedbrushingtheirteethmorethantwiceadaywithSmile-BrighttoothpasteweremorelikelytohavecapsontheirteeththanwerethosewhoreportedbrushingwithSmile-Brightlessfrequently.Therefore,peoplewishingtoavoidhavingtheirteethcappedshouldnotuseSmile-Brighttoothpaste.(Fromimong)
4.Hospitalstatisticsregardingpeoplewhogototheemergencyroomafterrollerskatingaccidentsindicatetheneedformoreprotectiveequipment.Withinthisgroupofpeople,75percentofthosewhohadaccidentsinstreetsorparkinglotswerenotwearinganyprotectiveclothing(helmets,kneepads,etc.)oranylight-reflectingmaterial(clip-onlights,glow-in-the-darkwristpads,etc.).Clearly,thesestatisticsindicatethatbyinvestinginhigh-qualityprotectivegearandreflectiveequipment,rollerskaterswillgreatlyreducetheirriskofbeingseverelyinjuredinanaccident.(FromOfficialIntroductiontotheAnalyticalWritingSection&PP3&ETSwebsite)
5.TheUniversityofClariaisgenerallyconsideredoneofthebestuniversitiesintheworldbecauseofitsinstructors'reputation,whichisbasedprimarilyontheextensiveresearchandpublishingrecordofcertainfacultymembers.Inaddition,severalfacultymembersareinternationallyrenownedasleadersintheirfields.Forexample,manyofthefacultyfromtheEnglishdepartmentareregularlyinvitedtoteachatuniversitiesinothercountries.Furthermore,tworecentgraduatesofthephysicsdepartmenthavegoneontobecomecandidatesfortheNobelPrizeinPhysics.And75percentofthestudentsareabletofindemploymentaftergraduating.Therefore,becauseofthereputationofitsfaculty,theUniversityofClariashouldbetheobviouschoiceforanyoneseekingaqualityeducation.(FromPP3)
6.ThefollowingistakenfromamemofromtheadvertisingdirectoroftheSilverScreenMovieProductionCompany.
"Accordingtoarecentreportfromourmarketingdepartment,fewerpeopleattendedmoviesproducedbySilverScreenduringthepastyearthaninanyotheryear.AndyetthepercentageofgenerallyfavorablecommentsbymoviereviewersaboutspecificSilverScreenmoviesactuallyincreasedduringthisperiod.Clearly,thecontentsofthesereviewsarenotreachingenoughofourprospectiveviewers;sotheproblemliesnotwiththequalityofourmoviesbutwiththepublic'slackofawarenessthatmoviesofgoodqualityareavailable.SilverScreenshouldthereforespendmoreofitsbudgetnextyearonreachingthepublicthroughadvertisingandlessonproducingnewmovies."(FromPP3)
Contents
Argumenttest1:
SpeedLimitsinForestville3
Argumenttest2:
ScottWoods9
Argumenttest3:
SmileBright15
Argumenttest4:
RollerSkating21
Argumenttest5:
UniversityofClaria27
Argumenttest6:
SilverScreenMovies34
Argumenttest1:
SpeedLimitsinForestville
Discusshowwellreasonedyoufindthisargument.
“SixmonthsagotheregionofForestvilleincreasedthespeedlimitforvehiclestravelingontheregion'shighwaysbytenmilesperhour.Sincethatchangetookeffect,thenumberofautomobileaccidentsinthatregionhasincreasedby15percent.ButthespeedlimitinElmsford,aregionneighboringForestville,remainedunchanged,andautomobileaccidentsdeclinedslightlyduringthesamesix-monthperiod.Therefore,ifthecitizensofForestvillewanttoreducethenumberofautomobileaccidentsontheregion'shighways,theyshouldcampaigntoreduceForestville'sspeedlimittowhatitwasbeforetheincrease.”
ModelsfromPracticeBook
6分:
Theagrumentiswell-presented,butnotthoroughlywell-reasoned.BymakingacomparisonoftheregionofForestville,thetownwiththehigherspeedlimitandthereforeautomobileaccidents,withtheregionofElmsford,anareaofalowerspeedlimitandsubsequentlyfeweraccidents,theargumentforreducingForestville'sspeedlimitsinordertodecreaseaccidentsseemslogical.
However,thecitizensofForestvillearefailingtoconsiderotherpossiblealternativestotheincreasingcaraccidentsaftertheraiseinspeedlimit.SuchalternativesmayincludethefactthattherearelessreliablecarstravelingtheroadsinForestville,orthattheagebracketofthoseinElmsfordmaybemoreconducivetodrivingsafely.Itispossiblethattherearemoreyounger,inexperienced,ormoreelderly,unsafedriversinForestvillethanthereareinElmsford.Inaddition,thecitizenshavefailedtoconsiderthegeographicalandphysicalterrainofthetwodifferentareas.PerhapsForestville'shighwayisinanareaofmoredangerouscurves,sharpturns,orhasmanyintersectionsormergingpointswhereaccidentsaremorelikelytooccur.Itappearsreasonable,therefore,forthecitizenstofocusonthesetroublespotsthantoreducethespeedintheentirearea.Elmsfordmaybeanareaofeasierdrivingconditionswhereaccidentsarelesslikelytooccurregardlessofthespeedlimit.
Asix-monthperiodisnotaparticularlylongtimeframeforthecitizenstodeterminethatspeedlimithasinfluencedthenumberofautomobileaccidentsinthearea.ItismentionedintheargumentthatElmsfordaccidentsdecreasedduringthetimeperiod.Thismayhavebeenatime,suchasduringharshweatherconditions,whenlesspeopleweredrivingontheroadandthereforethenumberofaccidentsdecreased.However,Forestvillecitizens,perhapscoercedbyemploymentorotherrequirements,wereunabletoavoiddrivingontheroads.Again,thedemographicsofthepopulationareimportant.ItispossiblethatElmsfordcitizensdonothavetotravelfarfromworkorworkfromtheirhome,ordonotworkatall.AretheremorepeopleinForestvillethanthereweresicmonthsago?
Ifso,theremaybeanincreasednumberofaccidentsduetomoreautomobilesontheroad,andnotduetotheincreasedspeedlimits.Alsoinreferencetotheactivitiesofthepopulation,itispossiblethatForestvilleinhabitantsweretravelingduringlesssafetimesoftheday,suchasearlyinthemorning,orduringtwilight.WorkorfamilyhabitsmayhaveencouragedcitizenstodriveduringthistimewhenElmsfordresidentsmaynothavebeenforcedtodoso.
Overall,thereasoningbehinddecreasingForestville'sspeedlimitbacktoitsoriginalseemslogicalaspresentedabovesincethecitizensareactingintheirownbestinterestsandwanttoprotecttheirsafety.However,beforeanyfinaldecisionsaremadeaboutthereductioninspeedlimit,thecitizensandofficialsofForestvilleshouldevaluateallpossiblealternativesandcausesfortheincreasednumberofaccidentsoverthesix-monthperiodascomparedtoElmsford.
COMMENTARY
Thisoutstandingessaybeginsbynotingthattheargument"seemslogical."Itthenproceedstodiscusspossiblealternativeexplanationsfortheincreaseincaraccidentsandprovidesanimpressivelyfullanalysis.Alternativesmentionedarethat
--thetworegionsmighthavedriversofdifferentagesandexperience;
--Forestville'stopography,geography,cars,and/orroadsmight
contributetoaccidents;
--sixmonthsmightbeaninsufficientamountoftimefordetermining
thatthespeedlimitislinkedtotheaccidentrate;
--demographicsmightplayaroleinautoaccidents;
--populationandautodensityshouldbeconsidered;and
--thetimesofdaywhendriversinthetworegionstravelmightberelevant.
Thepointsarecogentlydevelopedandarelinkedinsuchawayastocreatealogicallyorganizedessay.Transitionstogetherwithinteriorconnectionscreateasmoothlyintegratedpresentation.Forthemostpart,thewriteruseslanguagecorrectlya