Argument 官方范文全新整理版.docx

Argument 官方范文全新整理版.docx

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Argument官方范文全新整理版

Argument官方范文全新整理版

说明：

本版主要基于iq28的“ETS官方Argument范文”，根据原始来源修订了部分错误，并制作了目录。

致谢：

iq28,红蝎子,imong,blackdoor@;StevenJiang@上海新东方

TopicList：

AllcanbefoundattheETSwebsite:

http:

//www.ets.org/Media/Products/Criterion/topics/topics-gre.htm

1.“SixmonthsagotheregionofForestvilleincreasedthespeedlimitforvehiclestravelingontheregion'shighwaysbytenmilesperhour.Sincethatchangetookeffect,thenumberofautomobileaccidentsinthatregionhasincreasedby15percent.ButthespeedlimitinElmsford,aregionneighboringForestville,remainedunchanged,andautomobileaccidentsdeclinedslightlyduringthesamesix-monthperiod.Therefore,ifthecitizensofForestvillewanttoreducethenumberofautomobileaccidentsontheregion'shighways,theyshouldcampaigntoreduceForestville'sspeedlimittowhatitwasbeforetheincrease.”（FromPracticeBook&PP3）

2.Thefollowingappearedasalettertotheeditorofalocalnewspaper.

"Fiveyearsago,weresidentsofMorgantonvotedtokeepthepubliclyownedpieceoflandknownasScottWoodsinanatural,undevelopedstate.Ourthinkingwasthat,ifnoshoppingcentersorhouseswerebuiltthere,ScottWoodswouldcontinuetobenefitourcommunityasanaturalparkland.Butnowthatourtownplanningcommitteewantstopurchasethelandandbuildaschoolthere,weshouldreconsiderthisissue.Ifthelandbecomesaschoolsite,noshoppingcentersorhousescanbebuiltthere,andsubstantialacreagewouldprobablybedevotedtoathleticfields.Therewouldbenobetteruseoflandinourcommunitythanthis,sincealargemajorityofourchildrenparticipateinsports,andScottWoodswouldcontinuetobenefitourcommunityasnaturalparkland."（FromPP3）

3.ArecentsurveyofdentalpatientsshowedthatpeoplewhouseSmile-Brighttoothpastearemostlikelytohavecappedteeth--artificialbutnatural-lookingprotectivecoveringsplacedbydentistsonindividualteeth.ThosepeoplewhohadbegunusingSmile-BrighttoothpasteearlyinlifeweremorelikelytohavecappedteeththanwerepeoplewhohadbegunusingSmile-Brightlaterinlife.Inaddition,thosewhoreportedbrushingtheirteethmorethantwiceadaywithSmile-BrighttoothpasteweremorelikelytohavecapsontheirteeththanwerethosewhoreportedbrushingwithSmile-Brightlessfrequently.Therefore,peoplewishingtoavoidhavingtheirteethcappedshouldnotuseSmile-Brighttoothpaste.（Fromimong）

4.Hospitalstatisticsregardingpeoplewhogototheemergencyroomafterrollerskatingaccidentsindicatetheneedformoreprotectiveequipment.Withinthisgroupofpeople,75percentofthosewhohadaccidentsinstreetsorparkinglotswerenotwearinganyprotectiveclothing（helmets,kneepads,etc.）oranylight-reflectingmaterial（clip-onlights,glow-in-the-darkwristpads,etc.）.Clearly,thesestatisticsindicatethatbyinvestinginhigh-qualityprotectivegearandreflectiveequipment,rollerskaterswillgreatlyreducetheirriskofbeingseverelyinjuredinanaccident.（FromOfficialIntroductiontotheAnalyticalWritingSection&PP3&ETSwebsite）

5.TheUniversityofClariaisgenerallyconsideredoneofthebestuniversitiesintheworldbecauseofitsinstructors'reputation,whichisbasedprimarilyontheextensiveresearchandpublishingrecordofcertainfacultymembers.Inaddition,severalfacultymembersareinternationallyrenownedasleadersintheirfields.Forexample,manyofthefacultyfromtheEnglishdepartmentareregularlyinvitedtoteachatuniversitiesinothercountries.Furthermore,tworecentgraduatesofthephysicsdepartmenthavegoneontobecomecandidatesfortheNobelPrizeinPhysics.And75percentofthestudentsareabletofindemploymentaftergraduating.Therefore,becauseofthereputationofitsfaculty,theUniversityofClariashouldbetheobviouschoiceforanyoneseekingaqualityeducation.（FromPP3）

6.ThefollowingistakenfromamemofromtheadvertisingdirectoroftheSilverScreenMovieProductionCompany.

"Accordingtoarecentreportfromourmarketingdepartment,fewerpeopleattendedmoviesproducedbySilverScreenduringthepastyearthaninanyotheryear.AndyetthepercentageofgenerallyfavorablecommentsbymoviereviewersaboutspecificSilverScreenmoviesactuallyincreasedduringthisperiod.Clearly,thecontentsofthesereviewsarenotreachingenoughofourprospectiveviewers;sotheproblemliesnotwiththequalityofourmoviesbutwiththepublic'slackofawarenessthatmoviesofgoodqualityareavailable.SilverScreenshouldthereforespendmoreofitsbudgetnextyearonreachingthepublicthroughadvertisingandlessonproducingnewmovies."（FromPP3）

Contents

Argumenttest1:

SpeedLimitsinForestville3

Argumenttest2:

ScottWoods9

Argumenttest3:

SmileBright15

Argumenttest4:

RollerSkating21

Argumenttest5:

UniversityofClaria27

Argumenttest6:

SilverScreenMovies34

Argumenttest1:

SpeedLimitsinForestville

Discusshowwellreasonedyoufindthisargument.

“SixmonthsagotheregionofForestvilleincreasedthespeedlimitforvehiclestravelingontheregion'shighwaysbytenmilesperhour.Sincethatchangetookeffect,thenumberofautomobileaccidentsinthatregionhasincreasedby15percent.ButthespeedlimitinElmsford,aregionneighboringForestville,remainedunchanged,andautomobileaccidentsdeclinedslightlyduringthesamesix-monthperiod.Therefore,ifthecitizensofForestvillewanttoreducethenumberofautomobileaccidentsontheregion'shighways,theyshouldcampaigntoreduceForestville'sspeedlimittowhatitwasbeforetheincrease.”

ModelsfromPracticeBook

6分：

Theagrumentiswell-presented,butnotthoroughlywell-reasoned.BymakingacomparisonoftheregionofForestville,thetownwiththehigherspeedlimitandthereforeautomobileaccidents,withtheregionofElmsford,anareaofalowerspeedlimitandsubsequentlyfeweraccidents,theargumentforreducingForestville'sspeedlimitsinordertodecreaseaccidentsseemslogical.

However,thecitizensofForestvillearefailingtoconsiderotherpossiblealternativestotheincreasingcaraccidentsaftertheraiseinspeedlimit.SuchalternativesmayincludethefactthattherearelessreliablecarstravelingtheroadsinForestville,orthattheagebracketofthoseinElmsfordmaybemoreconducivetodrivingsafely.Itispossiblethattherearemoreyounger,inexperienced,ormoreelderly,unsafedriversinForestvillethanthereareinElmsford.Inaddition,thecitizenshavefailedtoconsiderthegeographicalandphysicalterrainofthetwodifferentareas.PerhapsForestville'shighwayisinanareaofmoredangerouscurves,sharpturns,orhasmanyintersectionsormergingpointswhereaccidentsaremorelikelytooccur.Itappearsreasonable,therefore,forthecitizenstofocusonthesetroublespotsthantoreducethespeedintheentirearea.Elmsfordmaybeanareaofeasierdrivingconditionswhereaccidentsarelesslikelytooccurregardlessofthespeedlimit.

Asix-monthperiodisnotaparticularlylongtimeframeforthecitizenstodeterminethatspeedlimithasinfluencedthenumberofautomobileaccidentsinthearea.ItismentionedintheargumentthatElmsfordaccidentsdecreasedduringthetimeperiod.Thismayhavebeenatime,suchasduringharshweatherconditions,whenlesspeopleweredrivingontheroadandthereforethenumberofaccidentsdecreased.However,Forestvillecitizens,perhapscoercedbyemploymentorotherrequirements,wereunabletoavoiddrivingontheroads.Again,thedemographicsofthepopulationareimportant.ItispossiblethatElmsfordcitizensdonothavetotravelfarfromworkorworkfromtheirhome,ordonotworkatall.AretheremorepeopleinForestvillethanthereweresicmonthsago?

Ifso,theremaybeanincreasednumberofaccidentsduetomoreautomobilesontheroad,andnotduetotheincreasedspeedlimits.Alsoinreferencetotheactivitiesofthepopulation,itispossiblethatForestvilleinhabitantsweretravelingduringlesssafetimesoftheday,suchasearlyinthemorning,orduringtwilight.WorkorfamilyhabitsmayhaveencouragedcitizenstodriveduringthistimewhenElmsfordresidentsmaynothavebeenforcedtodoso.

Overall,thereasoningbehinddecreasingForestville'sspeedlimitbacktoitsoriginalseemslogicalaspresentedabovesincethecitizensareactingintheirownbestinterestsandwanttoprotecttheirsafety.However,beforeanyfinaldecisionsaremadeaboutthereductioninspeedlimit,thecitizensandofficialsofForestvilleshouldevaluateallpossiblealternativesandcausesfortheincreasednumberofaccidentsoverthesix-monthperiodascomparedtoElmsford.

COMMENTARY

Thisoutstandingessaybeginsbynotingthattheargument"seemslogical."Itthenproceedstodiscusspossiblealternativeexplanationsfortheincreaseincaraccidentsandprovidesanimpressivelyfullanalysis.Alternativesmentionedarethat

--thetworegionsmighthavedriversofdifferentagesandexperience;

--Forestville'stopography,geography,cars,and/orroadsmight

contributetoaccidents;

--sixmonthsmightbeaninsufficientamountoftimefordetermining

thatthespeedlimitislinkedtotheaccidentrate;

--demographicsmightplayaroleinautoaccidents;

--populationandautodensityshouldbeconsidered;and

--thetimesofdaywhendriversinthetworegionstravelmightberelevant.

Thepointsarecogentlydevelopedandarelinkedinsuchawayastocreatealogicallyorganizedessay.Transitionstogetherwithinteriorconnectionscreateasmoothlyintegratedpresentation.Forthemostpart,thewriteruseslanguagecorrectlya