届高考化学考前知识专题复习有机化学基础选考.docx

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届高考化学考前知识专题复习有机化学基础选考.docx

届高考化学考前知识专题复习有机化学基础选考

2017届高考化学考前知识专题复习:

有机化学基础(选考)

[鑰冪翰瑕佹眰]銆€1.鏈夋満鍖栧悎鐗╃殑缁勬垚涓庣粨鏋勶細

(1)鑳芥牴鎹湁鏈哄寲鍚堢墿鐨勫厓绱犲惈閲忋€佺浉瀵瑰垎瀛愯川閲忕‘瀹氭湁鏈哄寲鍚堢墿鐨勫垎瀛愬紡锛?

2)浜嗚В纭畾鏈夋満鍖栧悎鐗╃粨鏋勭殑鍖栧鏂规硶鍜屾煇浜涚墿鐞嗘柟娉曪紱(3)浜嗚В鏈夋満鍖栧悎鐗╃⒊鍘熷瓙鐨勬垚閿壒寰侊紝浜嗚В鍚岀郴鐗╃殑姒傚康鍜屽悓鍒嗗紓鏋勭幇璞★紝鑳芥纭垽鏂拰涔﹀啓绠€鍗曟湁鏈哄寲鍚堢墿鐨勫悓鍒嗗紓鏋勪綋(涓嶅寘鎷墜鎬у紓鏋勪綋)锛?

4)浜嗚В甯歌鏈夋満鍖栧悎鐗╃殑缁撴瀯锛屼簡瑙f湁鏈虹墿鍒嗗瓙涓殑瀹樿兘鍥紝鑳芥纭〃绀哄畠浠殑缁撴瀯锛?

5)浜嗚В鏈夋満鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍒嗙被锛屽苟鑳芥牴鎹湁鏈哄寲鍚堢墿鍛藉悕瑙勫垯鍛藉悕绠€鍗曠殑鏈夋満鍖栧悎鐗╋紱(6)鑳藉垪涓句簨瀹炶鏄庢湁鏈哄垎瀛愪腑鍩哄洟涔嬮棿瀛樺湪鐩镐簰褰卞搷銆?

.鐑冨強鍏惰鐢熺墿鐨勬€ц川涓庡簲鐢細

(1)鐞嗚В鐑?

鐑枫€佺儻銆佺倲銆佽姵棣欑儍)鍙婂叾琛嶇敓鐗?

鍗や唬鐑冦€侀唶銆侀厷銆侀啗銆佺晶閰搞€侀叝)鐨勭粍鎴愩€佺粨鏋勩€佹€ц川锛屼簡瑙e畠浠殑涓昏鐢ㄩ€旓紱

(2)浜嗚В澶╃劧姘斻€佹恫鍖栫煶娌规皵鍜屾苯娌圭殑涓昏鎴愬垎鍙婂叾搴旂敤锛?

3)浜嗚В鏈夋満鍙嶅簲鐨勪富瑕佺被鍨?

濡傚姞鎴愬弽搴斻€佸彇浠e弽搴斿拰娑堝幓鍙嶅簲绛?

锛?

4)浜嗚В鐑冨強鍏惰鐢熺墿鍦ㄦ湁鏈哄悎鎴愬拰鏈夋満鍖栧伐涓殑閲嶈浣滅敤锛?

5)缁撳悎瀹為檯浜嗚В鏌愪簺鏈夋満鍖栧悎鐗╁鐜鍜屽仴搴峰彲鑳戒骇鐢熺殑褰卞搷锛屽叧娉ㄦ湁鏈哄寲鍚堢墿鐨勫畨鍏ㄤ娇鐢ㄩ棶棰樸€?

.绯栫被銆佹皑鍩洪吀鍜岃泲鐧借川锛?

1)浜嗚В绯栫被銆佹补鑴傘€佹皑鍩洪吀鍜岃泲鐧借川鐨勭粍鎴愩€佺粨鏋勭壒鐐瑰拰涓昏鍖栧鎬ц川鍙婂叾搴旂敤锛?

2)浜嗚В鍖栧绉戝鍦ㄧ敓鍛界瀛﹀彂灞曚腑鎵€璧风殑閲嶈浣滅敤銆?

.鍚堟垚楂樺垎瀛愬寲鍚堢墿锛?

1)浜嗚В鍚堟垚楂樺垎瀛愬寲鍚堢墿鐨勭粍鎴愪笌缁撴瀯鐗圭偣锛岃兘渚濇嵁绠€鍗曞悎鎴愰珮鍒嗗瓙鐨勭粨鏋勫垎鏋愬叾閾捐妭鍜屽崟浣擄紱

(2)浜嗚В鍔犺仛鍙嶅簲鍜岀缉鑱氬弽搴旂殑鐗圭偣锛屼簡瑙e父瑙侀珮鍒嗗瓙鏉愭枡鐨勫悎鎴愬弽搴斿強閲嶈搴旂敤锛?

3)浜嗚В鍚堟垚楂樺垎瀛愬寲鍚堢墿鍦ㄥ彂灞曠粡娴庛€佹彁楂樼敓娲昏川閲忔柟闈㈢殑璐$尞銆?

甯歌瀹樿兘鍥笌鎬ц川瀹樿兘鍥?

缁撴瀯鎬ц川纰崇⒊鍙岄敭鏄撳姞鎴愩€佹槗姘у寲銆佹槗鑱氬悎纰崇⒊涓夐敭鈥旵鈮鈥?

鏄撳姞鎴愩€佹槗姘у寲鍗ょ礌鈥昘(X琛ㄧずCl銆丅r绛?

鏄撳彇浠?

濡傛捍涔欑兎涓嶯aOH姘存憾娑插叡鐑敓鎴愪箼閱?

銆佹槗娑堝幓(濡傛捍涔欑兎涓嶯aOH閱囨憾娑插叡鐑敓鎴愪箼鐑?

閱囩緹鍩?

鈥昈H鏄撳彇浠c€佹槗娑堝幓(濡備箼閱囧湪娴撶~閰搞€?

70鈩冩潯浠朵笅鐢熸垚涔欑儻)銆佹槗鍌寲姘у寲銆佹槗琚己姘у寲鍓傛哀鍖?

濡備箼閱囧湪閰告€2Cr2O7婧舵恫鐨勪綔鐢ㄤ笅琚哀鍖栦负涔欓啗鐢氳嚦涔欓吀)閰氱緹鍩?

鈥昈H鏋佸急閰告€?

閰氱緹鍩轰腑鐨勬阿鑳戒笌NaOH婧舵恫鍙嶅簲锛屼絾閰告€ф瀬寮憋紝涓嶈兘浣挎寚绀哄墏鍙樿壊)銆佹槗姘у寲(濡傛棤鑹茬殑鑻厷鏅朵綋鏄撹绌烘皵涓殑姘ф皵姘у寲涓虹矇绾㈣壊)銆佹樉鑹插弽搴?

濡傝嫰閰氶亣FeCl3婧舵恫鍛堢传鑹?

閱涘熀鏄撴哀鍖?

濡備箼閱涗笌閾舵皑婧舵恫鍏辩儹鐢熸垚閾堕暅)銆佹槗杩樺師缇板熀鏄撹繕鍘?

濡?

鍦ㄥ偓鍖栧姞鐑潯浠朵笅杩樺師涓?

)缇у熀閰告€?

濡備箼閰哥殑閰告€у己浜庣⒊閰革紝涔欓吀涓嶯aOH婧舵恫鍙嶅簲)銆佹槗鍙栦唬(濡備箼閰镐笌涔欓唶鍦ㄦ祿纭吀銆佸姞鐑潯浠朵笅鍙戠敓閰寲鍙嶅簲)閰熀鏄撴按瑙?

濡備箼閰镐箼閰湪绋€纭吀銆佸姞鐑潯浠朵笅鍙戠敓閰告€ф按瑙o紝涔欓吀涔欓叝鍦∟aOH婧舵恫銆佸姞鐑潯浠朵笅鍙戠敓纰辨€ф按瑙?

閱氶敭R鈥昈鈥昍濡傜幆姘т箼鐑峰湪閰稿偓鍖栦笅涓庢按涓€璧峰姞鐑敓鎴愪箼浜岄唶纭濆熀鈥昇O2濡傞吀鎬ф潯浠朵笅锛岀鍩鸿嫰鍦ㄩ搧绮夊偓鍖栦笅琚繕鍘熶负鑻兒锛?

棰樼粍涓€銆€瀹樿兘鍥㈢殑璇嗗埆涓庡悕绉颁功鍐?

1.鍐欏嚭涓嬪垪鐗╄川涓墍鍚畼鑳藉洟鐨勫悕绉?

(1)___________________________________________________________________銆?

(2)銆€_______________________________________________________銆?

(3)_____________________________________________銆?

(4)銆€_____________________________________________________銆?

(5)銆€___________________________________________________________銆?

绛旀銆€

(1)纰崇⒊鍙岄敭銆佺景鍩?

(2)纰崇⒊鍙岄敭銆佺緹鍩恒€侀啗鍩?

(3)纰崇⒊鍙岄敭銆?

閰?

缇熷熀銆佺晶鍩恒€侀叝鍩?

(4)閱氶敭銆佺景鍩?

(5)閱涘熀銆佺⒊纰冲弻閿?

棰樼粍浜屻€€瀹樿兘鍥㈡€ц川鐨勫垽鏂?

2.鎸夎姹傚洖绛斾笅鍒楅棶棰橈細

(1)CPAE鏄渹鑳剁殑涓昏娲绘€ф垚鍒嗭紝鍏剁粨鏋勭畝寮忓鍥炬墍绀猴細鈶?

mol璇ユ湁鏈虹墿鏈€澶氬彲涓巁_______molH2鍙戠敓鍔犳垚鍙嶅簲銆?

鈶″啓鍑鸿鐗╄川鍦ㄧ⒈鎬ф潯浠?

NaOH婧舵恫)涓嬫按瑙g敓鎴愪袱绉嶄骇鐗╃殑缁撴瀯绠€寮忥細________________________________________________________________________锛?

________________________________________________________________________銆?

(2)闈掕捒閰告槸鍚堟垚闈掕捒绱犵殑鍘熸枡锛屽彲浠ョ敱棣欒崏閱涘悎鎴愶細鍒ゆ柇涓嬪垪璇存硶鏄惁姝g‘锛屾纭殑鎵撯€溾垰鈥濓紝閿欒鐨勬墦鈥溍椻€濄€?

鈶犵敤FeCl3婧舵恫鍙互妫€楠屽嚭棣欒崏閱?

銆€銆€)鈶¢鑽夐啗鍙笌娴撴捍姘村彂鐢熷弽搴?

銆€銆€)鈶㈤鑽夐啗涓惈鏈?

绉嶅畼鑳藉洟(銆€銆€)鈶?

mol闈掕捒閰告渶澶氬彲涓?

molH2鍙戠敓鍔犳垚鍙嶅簲(銆€銆€)鈶ゅ彲鐢∟aHCO3婧舵恫妫€楠屽嚭棣欒崏閱涗腑鐨勯潚钂块吀(銆€銆€)(3)鐢层€佷箼銆佷笝涓夌鐗╄川鏄煇鎶楃敓绱犲悎鎴愯繃绋嬩腑鐨勪腑闂翠骇鐗╋紝涓嬪垪璇存硶姝g‘鐨勬槸________銆?

A.鐢层€佷箼銆佷笝涓夌鏈夋満鍖栧悎鐗╁潎鍙窡NaOH婧舵恫鍙嶅簲B.鐢‵eCl3婧舵恫鍙尯鍒嗙敳銆佷笝涓ょ鏈夋満鍖栧悎鐗?

C.涓€瀹氭潯浠朵笅涓欏彲浠ヤ笌NaHCO3婧舵恫銆丆2H5OH鍙嶅簲D.涔欍€佷笝閮借兘鍙戠敓閾堕暅鍙嶅簲绛旀銆€

(1)鈶?

鈶?

(2)鈶犫垰銆€鈶♀垰銆€鈶⒚椼€€鈶C椼€€鈶も垰(3)BC鍙嶅簲绫诲瀷閲嶈鐨勬湁鏈哄弽搴?

鍙栦唬鍙嶅簲鐑风儍鐨勫崵浠o細CH4锛婥l2锟紻锟紻鈫掑厜鐓H3Cl锛婬Cl

鐑儍鐨勫崵浠o細CH2==CH鈥旵H3锛婥l2锟紻锟紻鈫掑厜鐓H2==CH鈥旵H2Cl锛婬Cl

鍗や唬鐑冪殑姘磋В锛欳H3CH2Br锛婲aOH锟紻锟紻鈫掓按鈻矯H3CH2OH锛婲aBr

鐨傚寲鍙嶅簲锛?

閰寲鍙嶅簲锛?

锛婥2H5OH锟介笭鑸h垼琛斤拷纭吀鈻?

C2H5锛婬2O銆€绯栫被鐨勬按瑙o細C12H22O11锛婬2O锟紻锟紻鈫掔█纭吀C6H12O6锛婥6H12O6銆€銆€銆€銆€銆€銆€(钄楃硸)銆€銆€銆€銆€銆€銆€(钁¤悇绯?

銆€(鏋滅硸)浜岃偨姘磋В锛?

鑻幆涓婄殑鍗や唬锛?

鑻幆涓婄殑纭濆寲锛?

鑻幆涓婄殑纾哄寲锛?

鍔犳垚鍙嶅簲鐑儍鐨勫姞鎴愶細CH3鈥曗€旵H==CH2锛婬Cl锟紻锟紻鈫掑偓鍖栧墏

鐐旂儍鐨勫姞鎴愶細CH鈮H锛婬2O锟紻锟紻鈫掓睘鐩?

鑻幆鍔犳阿锛?

DielsAlder鍙嶅簲锛?

娑堝幓鍙嶅簲閱囧垎瀛愬唴鑴辨按鐢熸垚鐑儍锛欳2H5OH锟紻锟紻鈫掓祿纭吀170鈩僀H2==CH2鈫戯紜H2O

鍗や唬鐑冭劚HX鐢熸垚鐑儍锛欳H3CH2Br锛婲aOH锟紻锟紻鈫掍箼閱団柍CH2==CH2鈫戯紜NaBr锛婬2O

鍔犺仛鍙嶅簲鍗曠儻鐑冪殑鍔犺仛锛歯CH2==CH2锟紻鈫掞拷锟紺H2鈥旵H2锟斤拷鍏辫江浜岀儻鐑冪殑鍔犺仛锛?

(姝ゅ锛岄渶瑕佽浣忎竵鑻鑳?

銆佹隘涓佹鑳?

鐨勫崟浣?

缂╄仛鍙嶅簲浜屽厓閱囦笌浜屽厓閰镐箣闂寸殑缂╄仛锛?

锛媙HOCH2CH2OH锟介笭鑸h垼缈婂憢锟藉墏锛?

2n锛?

)H2O缇熷熀閰镐箣闂寸殑缂╄仛锛?

锟紻锟紻锟紻锟紻鈫掍竴瀹氭潯浠?

锛?

n锛?

)H2O姘ㄥ熀閰镐箣闂寸殑缂╄仛锛歯H2NCH2COOH锛?

锟紻鈫?

锛?

2n锛?

)H2O鑻厷涓嶩CHO鐨勭缉鑱氾細锛?

n锛?

)H2O姘у寲鍙嶅簲鍌寲姘у寲锛?

CH3CH2OH锛婳2锟紻锟紻鈫扖u/Ag鈻?

CH3CHO锛?

H2O

閱涘熀涓庨摱姘ㄦ憾娑茬殑鍙嶅簲锛欳H3CHO锛?

Ag(NH3)2OH锟紻锟紻鈫掓按娴粹柍CH3COONH4锛?

Ag鈫擄紜3NH3锛婬2O閱涘熀涓庢柊鍒舵阿姘у寲閾滅殑鍙嶅簲锛欳H3CHO锛?

Cu(OH)2锛婲aOH锟紻锟紻鈫掆柍CH3COONa锛婥u2O鈫擄紜3H2O杩樺師鍙嶅簲閱涘熀鍔犳阿锛欳H3CHO锛婬2锟紻锟紻鈫扤i鈻矯H3CH2OH

纭濆熀杩樺師涓烘皑鍩猴細

棰樼粍涓€銆€鏈夋満杞寲鍏崇郴涓弽搴旂被鍨嬬殑鍒ゆ柇1.鍖栧悎鐗〦鏄竴绉嶅尰鑽腑闂翠綋锛屽父鐢ㄤ簬鍒跺鎶楀嚌琛€鑽紝鍙互閫氳繃涓嬪浘鎵€绀虹殑璺嚎鍚堟垚锛?

鎸囧嚭涓嬪垪鍙嶅簲鐨勫弽搴旂被鍨嬨€?

鍙嶅簲1锛歘_______________锛涘弽搴?

锛歘__________________________________________锛?

鍙嶅簲3锛歘_______________锛涘弽搴?

锛歘__________________________________________銆?

绛旀銆€姘у寲鍙嶅簲銆€鍙栦唬鍙嶅簲銆€鍙栦唬鍙嶅簲(閰寲鍙嶅簲)銆€鍙栦唬鍙嶅簲2.(2015鈥㈠叏鍥藉嵎鈪★紝38鏀圭紪)PPG(鑱氭垔浜岄吀涓欎簩閱囬叝)鐨勪竴绉嶅悎鎴愯矾绾垮涓嬶細宸茬煡锛?

宸茬煡锛?

鈶犵儍A鐨勭浉瀵瑰垎瀛愯川閲忎负70锛屾牳纾佸叡鎸阿璋辨樉绀哄彧鏈変竴绉嶅寲瀛︾幆澧冪殑姘?

鈶″寲鍚堢墿B涓哄崟姘唬鐑冿紱鍖栧悎鐗〤鐨勫垎瀛愬紡涓篊5H8鈶銆丗涓虹浉瀵瑰垎瀛愯川閲忓樊14鐨勫悓绯荤墿锛孎鏄灏旈┈鏋楃殑婧惰川鈶1CHO锛婻2CH2CHO锟紻锟紻鈫掔█NaOH鏍规嵁涓婅堪鐗╄川涔嬮棿鐨勮浆鍖栨潯浠讹紝浠庝笅鍒楀弽搴旂被鍨嬩腑閫夋嫨鍚堥€傜殑鍙嶅簲绫诲瀷濉┖銆?

鈶犲彇浠e弽搴斻€€鈶″崵浠e弽搴斻€€鈶㈡秷鍘诲弽搴斻€€鈶f哀鍖栧弽搴?

鈶ら叝鍖栧弽搴斻€€鈶ユ按瑙e弽搴斻€€鈶﹀姞鎴愬弽搴斻€€鈶ц繕鍘熷弽搴?

(1)A鈫払______________________________________________________________________

(2)B鈫扖______________________________________________________________________(3)C鈫扗______________________________________________________________________(4)G鈫扝______________________________________________________________________绛旀銆€

(1)鈶犫憽銆€

(2)鈶€€(3)鈶c€€(4)鈶︹懅3.鑺抽鐑傾缁忚繃濡傚浘鎵€绀虹殑杞寲鍏崇郴鍙埗寰楁爲鑴侭涓庝袱绉嶉鏂橤銆両锛屼笖鐭ユ湁鏈虹墿E涓嶥浜掍负鍚屽垎寮傛瀯浣撱€?

鍒橝鈫払銆丄鈫扖銆丆鈫扙銆丏鈫扐銆丏鈫扚鐨勫弽搴旂被鍨嬪垎鍒负________________銆乢_____________銆乢_____________銆乢_______________銆乢_______________銆?

绛旀銆€鍔犺仛鍙嶅簲銆€鍔犳垚鍙嶅簲銆€鍙栦唬鍙嶅簲(鎴栨按瑙e弽搴?

銆€娑堝幓鍙嶅簲銆€姘у寲鍙嶅簲棰樼粍浜屻€€甯歌€冩槗閿欑殑鏈夋満鍙嶅簲鏂圭▼寮忕殑涔﹀啓4.鎸夎姹備功鍐欎笅鍒楀弽搴旂殑鍖栧鏂圭▼寮忋€?

(1)鈶犳祿纭吀鍔犵儹鑷?

70鈩僟___________________________________________________锛?

鈶℃祿纭吀鍔犵儹鑷?

40鈩僟___________________________________________________銆?

绛旀銆€鈶?

锟紻锟紻鈫掓祿H2SO4170鈩僀H2==CH鈥旵H3鈫戯紜H2O鈶?

锟紻锟紻鈫掓祿H2SO4140鈩?

锛婬2O

(2)CH3鈥旵H2鈥旵H2鈥旴r鈶犲己纰辩殑姘存憾娑诧紝鍔犵儹__________________________________________________________锛?

鈶″己纰辩殑閱囨憾娑诧紝鍔犵儹__________________________________________________________銆?

绛旀銆€鈶燙H3鈥旵H2鈥旵H2鈥旴r锛婲aOH锟紻锟紻鈫掆柍CH3鈥旵H2鈥旵H2鈥昈H锛婲aBr鈶H3鈥旵H2鈥旵H2鈥旴r锛婲aOH锟紻锟紻鈫掗唶CH3鈥旵H===CH2鈫戯紜NaBr锛婬2O(3)鍚?

婧舵恫涓€氬叆CO2姘斾綋________________________________________________________________________銆?

绛旀銆€锛婥O2锛婬2O锟紻鈫?

锛婲aHCO3(4)涓庤冻閲廚aOH婧舵恫鍙嶅簲________________________________________________________________________銆?

绛旀銆€锛?

NaOH锟紻锟紻鈫掆柍锛婥H3OH锛婬2O(5)涓庤冻閲廐2鍙嶅簲________________________________________________________________________銆?

绛旀銆€锛?

H2锟紻锟紻鈫扤i鈻?

鏈夋満鍙嶅簲鏂圭▼寮忕殑涔﹀啓瑕佹眰1.鍙嶅簲绠ご鍜岄厤骞筹細涔﹀啓鏈夋満鍙嶅簲鏂圭▼寮忔椂搴旀敞鎰忥紝鍙嶅簲鐗╁拰浜х墿涔嬮棿鐢ㄢ€滐拷D鈫掆€濊繛鎺ワ紝鏈夋満鐗╃敤缁撴瀯绠€寮忚〃绀猴紝骞堕伒寰厓绱犲畧鎭掕繘琛岄厤骞炽€?

2.鍙嶅簲鏉′欢锛氭湁鏈虹墿鍙嶅簲鏉′欢涓嶅悓锛屾墍寰椾骇鐗╀笉鍚屻€?

棰樼粍涓夈€€鏈夋満杞寲鍏崇郴涓弽搴旀柟绋嬪紡鐨勪功鍐?

5.涓€绉嶅父瑙佽仛閰被楂樺垎瀛愭潗鏂欑殑鍚堟垚娴佺▼濡備笅锛?

璇峰啓鍑哄悇姝ュ弽搴旂殑鍖栧鏂圭▼寮?

鈶燺_______________________________________________________________________锛?

鈶_______________________________________________________________________锛?

鈶_______________________________________________________________________锛?

鈶_______________________________________________________________________锛?

鈶_______________________________________________________________________锛?

鈶_______________________________________________________________________锛?

鈶_______________________________________________________________________銆?

绛旀銆€鈶燙H2==CH2锛婤r2锟紻鈫?

鈶?

鈶?

锟紻锟紻鈫掑厜鈶?

鈶?

鈶?

锛婳2锟紻锟紻鈫掑偓鍖栧墏鈶?

锛媙HO鈥旵H2鈥旵H2鈥昈H锟介笭鑸h垼琛斤拷H2SO4鈻?

锛?

2n锛?

)H2O1.鍚屽垎寮傛瀯浣撶殑绉嶇被

(1)纰抽摼寮傛瀯

(2)瀹樿兘鍥綅缃紓鏋?

(3)绫诲埆寮傛瀯(瀹樿兘鍥㈠紓鏋?

鏈夋満鐗╁垎瀛愰€氬紡涓庡叾鍙兘鐨勭被鍒涓嬭〃鎵€绀猴細缁勬垚閫氬紡鍙兘鐨勭被鍒?

鍏稿瀷瀹炰緥CnH2n鐑儍銆佺幆鐑风儍CH2==CHCH3涓?

CnH2n锛?

鐐旂儍銆佷簩鐑儍CH鈮鈥旵H2CH3涓嶤H2==CHCH==CH2CnH2n锛?

O楗卞拰涓€鍏冮唶銆侀啔C2H5OH涓嶤H3OCH3CnH2nO閱涖€侀叜銆佺儻閱囥€佺幆閱氥€佺幆閱?

CH3CH2CHO銆丆H3COCH3銆丆H2==CHCH2OH銆?

涓?

CnH2nO2缇ч吀銆侀叝銆佺緹鍩洪啗銆佺緹鍩洪叜CH3CH2COOH銆丠COOCH2CH3銆丠O鈥旵H2鈥旵H2鈥旵HO涓?

CnH2n锛?

O閰氥€佽姵棣欓唶銆佽姵棣欓啔銆?

涓?

CnH2n锛?

NO2纭濆熀鐑枫€佹皑鍩洪吀CH3CH2鈥昇O2涓嶩2NCH2鈥旵OOHCn(H2O)m鍗曠硸鎴栦簩绯?

钁¤悇绯栦笌鏋滅硸(C6H12O6)銆佽敆绯栦笌楹﹁娊绯?

C12H22O11)

2.鍚屽垎寮傛瀯浣撶殑涔﹀啓瑙勫緥涔﹀啓鏃讹紝瑕佸敖閲忔妸涓婚摼鍐欑洿锛屼笉瑕佸啓寰楁鎵竷鍏殑锛屼互鍏嶅共鎵拌嚜宸辩殑瑙嗚锛涙€濈淮涓€瀹氳鏈夊簭锛屽彲鎸変笅鍒楅『搴忚€冭檻锛?

(1)涓婚摼鐢遍暱鍒扮煭锛屾敮閾剧敱鏁村埌鏁o紝浣嶇疆鐢卞績鍒拌竟锛屾帓鍒楅偦銆侀棿銆佸銆?

(2)鎸夌収纰抽摼寮傛瀯鈫掍綅缃紓鏋勨啋瀹樿兘鍥㈠紓鏋勭殑椤哄簭涔﹀啓锛屼篃鍙寜瀹樿兘鍥㈠紓鏋勨啋纰抽摼寮傛瀯鈫掍綅缃紓鏋勭殑椤哄簭涔﹀啓锛屼笉绠℃寜鍝鏂规硶涔﹀啓閮藉繀椤婚槻姝㈡紡鍐欏拰閲嶅啓銆?

涔﹀啓鐑儍鍚屽垎寮傛瀯浣撴椂瑕佹敞鎰忔槸鍚﹀寘鎷€滈『鍙嶅紓鏋勨€?

(3)鑻ラ亣鍒拌嫰鐜笂鏈変笁涓彇浠e熀鏃讹紝鍙厛瀹氫袱涓殑浣嶇疆鍏崇郴鏄偦鎴栭棿鎴栧锛岀劧鍚庡啀瀵圭涓変釜鍙栦唬鍩轰緷娆¤繘琛屽畾浣嶏紝鍚屾椂瑕佹敞鎰忓摢浜涙槸涓庡墠闈㈤噸澶嶇殑銆?

棰樼粍涓€銆€閫夋嫨棰樹腑闄愬埗鏉′欢鍚屽垎寮傛瀯浣撶殑涔﹀啓鍒ゆ柇1.C8H8O2绗﹀悎涓嬪垪瑕佹眰鐨勫悓鍒嗗紓鏋勪綋鏁扮洰鏄?

銆€銆€)鈶犲睘浜庤姵棣欐棌鍖栧悎鐗┿€€鈶¤兘涓庢柊鍒舵阿姘у寲閾滄憾娑插弽搴斻€€鈶㈣兘涓庢阿姘у寲閽犳憾娑插弽搴?

A.10绉?

B.21绉?

C.14绉?

D.17绉?

绛旀銆€B瑙f瀽銆€鈶犲睘浜庤姵棣欐棌鍖栧悎鐗╋紝鍚湁1涓嫰鐜紱鈶¤兘涓庢柊鍒舵阿姘у寲閾滄憾娑插弽搴旓紝鍚啗鍩烘垨缇у熀锛涒憿鑳戒笌NaOH婧舵恫鍙戠敓鍙嶅簲锛屽惈鏈夐厷缇熷熀鎴栭叝鍩烘垨缇у熀锛屽彲鑳界粨鏋勬湁2.缁勬垚鍜岀粨鏋勫彲鐢?

琛ㄧず鐨勬湁鏈虹墿涓紝鑳藉彂鐢熸秷鍘诲弽搴旂殑鍏辨湁(銆€銆€)A.10绉?

B.16绉?

C.20绉?

D.25绉?

绛旀銆€C瑙f瀽銆€鑻幆宸﹁竟鐨勫彇浠e熀鍏辨湁5绉嶏細CH2ClCH2CH2鈥曘€丆H3CHClCH2鈥曘€丆H3CH2CHCl鈥曘€丆H3(CH2Cl)CH鈥曘€?

CH3)2CCl鈥曪紝鍏朵腑鏈?

绉嶈兘鍙戠敓娑堝幓鍙嶅簲锛涘彸杈圭殑鏈?

绉嶏細CH3OCH2鈥曘€丆H3CH2O鈥曘€丆H3CH(OH)鈥曘€丠OCH2CH鈥曪紝鍥犳鑳藉彂鐢熸秷鍘诲弽搴旂殑鍏辨湁20绉嶏紝鏁呴€塁銆?

3.鏈夋満鐗╃敳鐨勫垎瀛愬紡涓篊9H18O2锛屽湪閰告€ф潯浠朵笅鐢叉按瑙d负涔欏拰涓欎袱绉嶆湁鏈虹墿锛屽湪鐩稿悓鐨勬俯搴﹀拰鍘嬪己涓嬶紝鍚岃川閲忕殑涔欏拰涓欑殑钂告皵鎵€鍗犱綋绉浉鍚岋紝鍒欑敳鐨勫彲鑳界粨鏋勬湁(銆€銆€)A.8绉?

B.14绉?

C.16绉?

D.18绉?

绛旀銆€C瑙f瀽銆€鍦ㄧ浉鍚岀殑娓╁害鍜屽帇寮轰笅锛屽悓璐ㄩ噺鐨勪箼鍜屼笝鐨勮捀姘旀墍鍗犱綋绉浉鍚岋紝鍒欎簩鑰呯殑鐗╄川鐨勯噺鐩稿悓锛屾墍浠ヤ箼銆佷笝鐨勬懇灏旇川閲忕浉鍚岋紝鏍规嵁鐢茬殑鍒嗗瓙寮忓垽鏂敳鏄叝绫诲寲鍚堢墿锛屾按瑙g敓鎴愮晶閰稿拰閱囷紝鑻ヤ箼銆佷笝鐨勬懇灏旇川閲忕浉鍚岋紝鍒欎箼銆佷笝鐨勫垎瀛愬紡涓篊4H8O2銆丆5H12O锛屽嵆鐢叉槸涓侀吀涓庢垔閱囧舰鎴愮殑閰紝鏍规嵁鍚屽垎寮傛瀯浣撶殑涔﹀啓锛屼竵閰告湁2绉嶇粨鏋勶紝鎴婇唶鏈?

绉嶇粨鏋勶紝鎵€浠ョ敳鏈?

6绉嶇粨鏋勶紝绛旀閫塁銆?

4.鍒嗗瓙寮忎负C5H12O鐨勯唶涓庡垎瀛愬紡涓篊5H10O2鐨勭晶閰稿舰鎴愮殑閰叡鏈?

涓嶈€冭檻绔嬩綋寮傛瀯)(銆€銆€)A.24绉?

B.28绉?

C.32绉?

D.40绉?

绛旀銆€C瑙f瀽銆€鍒嗗瓙寮忎负C5H12O鐨勯唶鏄垔鍩轰笌缇熷熀杩炴帴褰㈡垚鐨勫寲鍚堢墿锛屾垔鍩烘湁8绉嶏紝鎵€浠ュ垎瀛愬紡涓篊5H12O鐨勯唶鍏辨湁8绉嶏紱鍒嗗瓙寮忎负C5H10O2鐨勭晶閰告槸涓佸熀涓庣晶鍩鸿繛鎺ュ舰鎴愮殑鍖栧悎浠凤紝涓佸熀鏈?

绉嶇粨鏋勶紝鍒欏垎瀛愬紡涓篊5H12O2鐨勭晶閰稿叡鏈?

绉嶏紝棰樼洰缁勫悎鍚庤兘寰楀埌閰殑绉嶇被鏄細8脳4锛?

2绉嶏紝鏁呯瓟妗堟槸C銆?

5.鍒嗗瓙寮忎负C9H11Cl锛屼笖鑻幆涓婃湁涓や釜鍙栦唬鍩虹殑鑺抽鏃忓寲鍚堢墿锛屽叾鍙兘鐨勭粨鏋勬湁(涓嶈€冭檻绔嬩綋寮傛瀯)(銆€銆€)A.5绉?

B.9绉?

C.12绉?

D.15绉?

绛旀銆€D瑙f瀽銆€鍒嗗瓙寮忎负C9H11Cl锛屼笖鑻幆涓婃湁涓や釜鍙栦唬鍩虹殑鑺抽鏃忓寲鍚堢墿锛屽垯涓や釜鍙栦唬鍩哄彲浠ユ槸姘師瀛愪笌姝d笝鍩恒€佹隘鍘熷瓙涓庡紓涓欏熀銆佲€旵H2Cl涓庝箼鍩恒€佺敳鍩轰笌鈥旵H2CH2Cl鎴栫敳鍩轰笌鈥旵HClCH3锛屼笖鍧囨湁閭汇€侀棿銆佸涓夌鎯呭喌锛屾墍浠ュ叾鍙兘鐨勭粨鏋勬湁5脳3锛?

5绉嶏紝绛旀閫塂銆?

鍚屽垎寮傛瀯浣撶殑鍒ゆ柇鏂规硶1.璁板繂娉曪細璁颁綇宸叉帉鎻$殑甯歌鐨勫悓鍒嗗紓鏋勪綋鏁般€備緥濡傦細

(1)鍑″彧鍚竴涓⒊鍘熷瓙鐨勫垎瀛愬潎鏃犲悓鍒嗗紓鏋勶紱

(2)涓佺兎銆佷竵鐐斻€佷笝鍩恒€佷笝閱囧悓绫诲瀷鐨勫悓鍒嗗紓鏋勪綋鏈?

绉嶏紱(3)鎴婄兎銆佹垔鐐斿悓绫诲瀷鐨勫悓鍒嗗紓鏋勪綋鏈?

绉嶏紱(4)涓佸熀銆佷竵鐑?

鍖呮嫭椤哄弽寮傛瀯)銆丆8H10(鑺抽鐑?

鍚岀被鍨嬬殑鍚屽垎寮傛瀯浣撴湁4绉嶏紱(5)宸辩兎銆丆7H8O(鍚嫰鐜?

鍚岀被鍨嬬殑鍚屽垎寮傛瀯浣撴湁5绉嶏紱(6)C8H8O2鐨勮姵棣欓叝鏈?

绉嶏紱(7)鎴婂熀銆丆9H12(鑺抽鐑?

鏈?

绉嶃€?

2.鍩哄厓娉曪細渚嬪锛氫竵鍩烘湁4绉嶏紝涓侀唶銆佹垔閱涖€佹垔閰搁兘鏈?

绉嶃€?

3.鏇夸唬娉曪細渚嬪锛氫簩姘嫰C6H4Cl2鏈?

绉嶏紝鍥涙隘鑻篃鏈?

绉?

Cl鍙栦唬H)锛涘張濡傦細CH4鐨勪竴姘唬鐗╁彧鏈変竴绉嶏紝鏂版垔鐑稢(CH3)4鐨勪竴姘唬鐗╀篃鍙湁涓€绉嶃€?

绉颁簰琛ヨ寰?

4.瀵圭О娉?

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(1)鍚屼竴纰冲師瀛愪笂鐨勬阿鍘熷瓙鏄瓑鏁堢殑锛?

(2)鍚屼竴纰冲師瀛愭墍杩炵敳鍩轰笂鐨勬阿鍘熷瓙鏄瓑鏁堢殑锛?

(3)澶勪簬闀滈潰瀵圭О浣嶇疆涓婄殑姘㈠師瀛愭槸绛夋晥鐨?

鐩稿綋浜庡钩闈㈡垚鍍忔椂鐗╀笌鍍忕殑鍏崇郴)銆?

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棰樼粍浜屻€€鏈夋満鍚堟垚鎺ㄦ

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