英汉翻译课程教案docx.docx

英汉翻译课程教案docx.docx

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英汉翻译课程教案docx

《英汉翻译》课程教案

•课程编号:

•周课时:

•总课时:

•学分:

•考试方式:

•教材:

•参考书:

BZB03223

2

34

2分

考查

新编英汉翻译教程孙致礼编

英汉翻译教程张培基编

实用翻译教程冯庆华编

Contents

Chapter1WhatIsTranslation1

Chapter2TheProcessofTranslation15

Chapter3ThelinguisticApproachtoTranslation25

Chapter4Conversion35

Chapter5Theimportanceofdiction43

Chapter6Translationconcerningnegation48

Chapter7Ampliflcation53

Chapter8Repetition58

Chapter9Changesofsentenceparts62

Chapter10Translationofattributiveclause66

Chapter11TranslationofLongSentences69

Chapter12外位语结构在英译汉中的应用73

Chapter13TranslationofPassiveVoice77

Chapter14Translationoffiguresofspeech83

Chapter15Translationofidioms87

Chapter1WhatIsTranslation

Aims:

Tounderstandthebasicprinciplesoftranslationandtranslationstudies

Keypoints:

thenatureoftranslation,definitionoftranslation

Difficulties:

thenatureoftranslation,historyoftranslation

Teachingprocedures

1.Thenatureoftranslation

•Translationisofgreatimportanceinlearningaforeignlanguage.ManyofthosewholearnEnglishwillbeEnglishChinesetranslatorsinthefuture.Therearemanytranslationtheoriesandtechniquesforyoutoolearn.

•Withoutknowingthetheoriesandthetechniquesonewillmostlikelytakearoundaboutcourseintranslationwork.That'swhyitisnecessaryforyoutohaveagoodcommandofboththesourcelanguageandthetargetlanguage,andofthetheoriesandthetechniquesintranslation.

•Whatistranslation?

Translationisarepresentationorrecreationinonelanguageofwhatiswrittenorsaidinanotherlanguage.

or:

Translationisanactivityofreproducinginonelanguagetheideaswhichhavebeenexpressedinanotherlanguage.（翻译是把一种语言所表达的思想用另一种语言重新表达出來的活动）

•EugeneNida,famousAmericantranslationtheorist,definedtranslationas:

Translationconsistsinreproducinginthereceptorlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesource-languagemessages,firstintermsofmeaningandsecondlyintermsofstyle.

•翻译就是接受语言复制出与原语信息最接近的自然等值体…首先是就意义而言，其次是就其风格而言.

EugeneNida^sphoto•Inadditiontothedefinitionsmentionedabove,variousdefinitionshavebeengiventotranslation.NowFdliketocitesomeofthem:

•Translationisascience•

•Translationisanart.

•Translationisacraft.

•Translationisaskill.

•Translationisanoperation.

•Translationisalanguageactivity.

•Translationisacommunication.

•Amongthesedefinitionsthefirsttwoaremostimportantfortheyrepresenttwoschools■一theschoolofscienceandtheschoolofart.Theformermaintainsthattranslatingshouldreproducethemessageoftheoriginalbymeansofthetransformationoflinguisticequivalence.Itputsstressonthestudyofdescriptionoftheprocessoftranslation,andthestructuresandtheformsofthelanguagesoastorevealtheobjectivelawsinherentintranslation.Thelatteradvocatesrecreatingaliteraryworkbyusingexpressionsofanotherlanguage•Itemphasizesontheeffectoftranslation.

1）Translationisascience

•Wesaytranslationisascience,becauseithasitsownlawsandmethods.TakethetranslationbetweenEnglishandChineseforexample,ifwewanttotranslatewell,wemustbeentirelyfamiliarwiththecontentoftheoriginalandalltheknowledgeitconcerns.InadditionweshouldhaveacomparativelycomprehensiveandthoroughstudyofEnglishandChinesesothatwemaydoourworkwithhighproficiency.

•EnglishandChinesearetwoentirelydifferentlanguages.Eachhasanindividualanddistinctsystem.Ontheotherhand,therearelotsofdifferencesbetweenthembothinmorphologyandinsyntax.Becauseofthis,wehavetoknowbothlanguageswell,especiallywiththewidedifferenceinvocabulary,grammaticalrelations，andsentencestructure.

•Nowwemaywellconcludethattranslationisindeedasciencewithitspeculiarlawsandmethods，asciencerelatedtolexicology.grammar,rhetoricandotherbranchesoflinguistics.

2）Translationisanart

eLinYutangwasoncearepresentative.InhisessayOnTranslationhedeclaresthattranslationisanartwhosesuccessdependsonone^sartistictalentandenoughtraining.Besidesthese,therenosetrulesfortranslationandthereisnoshortcutforart.

•Fromtheexamplesmentionedabovewecanseethattranslationisanart,abrilliantart.Likepainting,enablesustoreproducethefinethoughtofsomebody,notincolors,butinwords,inthewordsofadifferentlanguage

•Inaccordancewithwhatwehavediscussedintheabove,nowwecancometothefollowingconclusion:

•Translationdependsontheartisticlevelandthetechniqueofthetranslato匸WhoeverhasagoodcommandoftranslationbothintheoryandtechniquecanoffersatisfactorytranslationsJtisbecause,aspointedoutinthislecture,translationisnotonlyasciencewithitsownlawsandmethodsbutalsoanartofreproductionandrecreation.

2.Aimofforeignlanguagelearningandtheimportanceoftranslation

（1）Whatistheobjectsofaforeignlanguage?

Learningaforeignlanguageisnoteasybutitisworthwhile.Itenablesyoutoreadforeignscientificandtechnicalliterature,andthatmightbeuseful.Itmakesyouenabletoreadsomeoftheworldsbestwritersintheirownlanguage,andthisisagreatpleasure.Butthemostimportantthingisthatitgivesyouabetterunderstandingofyourownlanguage.

（2）Translationisofgreatvaluetoforeignlanguagelearners.Itisveryimportanttothedevelopmentofournation•Translationkeepsyouinformedoftheinternationalsituation;translationenhancesourcompetitivepowerintheinternationalmarket;translationservesasinstrumentofpropagatingtraditionalculture.Translationisforinter-lingualcommunication,bridgesthegulfbetweendifferent-tonguespeakers，andreproducesandspreadsthemessageintheoriginallanguage.Translationpermitsknowledgetobetransmittedtodifferentcornersoftheworldandtosucceedinggenerations.

•Translationgivesinformation,revealsfeelings,andaffectpeople'sthoughtorbehavio匚Throughtranslation,wecandrawontheadvancedexperienceandachievementinthefieldofscienceandtechnologyofforeigncountries.Withouttranslation,theworldwidecivilizationwouldnotbepossible.

•Today,translationplaysanincreasinglyimportantroleinourcountry'seconomicreformandopeningtotheworld•Moreandmorepeopleoffinancialandbusinesscirclesfromallpartsoftheworldcometoourcountryandtakepartinjointventures,cooperativeenterprises,soleforeign-investedenterprises,andvariousothereconomic,tradeandtechnologicalcooperation.Thissituationresultsinthegreatneedoftranslators,EnglishChinesetranslatorsinparticular.TranslationpromotesmutualunderstandingbetweenChineseandforeigners,contributestothespeedingupofourcountry'smodernizationandthusisabsolutelynecessaryinthedevelopmentofourmarketeconomy.

3.Prerequisitesforatranslator

•

（1）Inordertoachievegenuinecompetenceintranslation,atranslatormustbearinmindthattranslationmeanshonest,solidknowledge,andthatgenuineknowledgecomesfrompractice.Astranslationisworkthatinvolvesatleasttwolanguages■一thefirstlanguageandthesecondlanguage.Therefore,toknowbothlanguagefairlywellisoneoftheprerequisitesfortranslation.

•e.g.Youaretellingme•（slang:

Iknowthatverywell/1knewthatlongago-）我早矢口道了./还用你告诉我！

工

你正在告诉我.

e.g.Nowyouaretalking.（informal:

atlastyouaresayingsomethingagreeable.）

你到底说了合我意的话了

/你这样说才合我的意思.定现在你正在谈话.

•e.g.HenryKissingerhasslepttherebefore,inJulyandagaininOctobe匚这之前亨利基辛格在7月和10月两度在这里下榻.（不译为：

睡觉）

•陈先生乃中国学界泰斗.

•MeChen,ourrespectedteacher,isarenownedmasterintheacademiccirclesofChina.

•e.g.你要有所收获，则必须在学习中不断深入.

•Ifyouwanttogainanything，youmustconstantlydeepenyourstudies.

•

（2）BesidesagoodknowledgeofboththeSLandtheTL,atranslatorshoulddoalotofreading,listening,andspeaking.HehastoexperiencethemanywaysinwhichtheEnglishisspokenandwrittenbynativespeakers.AndtobeconstantlyexposedtoEnglishspokenandwrittenbynativespeakersisconsideredtobeaveryimportantpartofpractice.withoutwhichaChineselearnerofEnglishcan'texpecttoacquirecompetenceinunderstandingandproductionasfarastheEnglishlanguageisconcerned・•（3）Furthermore,acquaintancewiththesubjectmattercoveredinthebookorarticleisalsoanindispensablefactorindoingtranslationworkwell.Forinstance:

Ifyouaregoingtotranslatesometechnologicaldataonremotesensingoftheearthbyman-madesatellites,youhavetolearntoacquiresomebasicknowledgeoftherelevantaspectofspacescienceandtechnology,otherwise,youwillruntheriskofmakingmistakesinthesubjectmatterimperceptibly.Soyoushouldhaveawidebackgroundknowledge•

•E.g.TheSecurityCouncilhasbeenseizedofthequestionsincethen.安理会自那以來就一直受理这个问题。

（需要国际法知识）

•Tosumup,asagoodtranslator,youhavetoknowwelltheSL,theTLandthesubjectmatterconcerned.Inaddition,youhavetomastertheskillsandtechniquesoftranslationanddolotsofpractice.

eGuoMoruooncepointedout:

"translationiscreativework.Goodtranslationisasgoodaswritingandmaybeevenbetterthantheoriginal.Sometimestranslationismoredifficultthanwriting.Awritermusthaveexperienceinlife,butatranslatorhastoexperiencewhatthetranslatorhasexperienced.Atthesametimeatranslatormustnotonlybepr