四川高考英语阅读理解 主旨大意题讲解及选练含答案.docx
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四川高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题讲解及选练含答案
2017高考英语阅读理解--主旨大意题讲解及选练(含答案)
2017高考英语阅读理解解题指导【1】
阅读理解历来都是高考英语试卷中难度最大、区分度最高的题型,它要求考生理解文章的主旨和要义;理解文中的具体信息;根据上下文推断生词的词义;理解文章的基本结构;理解作者的意图、观点和态度等。
下面我们来探讨一下高考阅读理解的解题思路。
一、主旨大意题
此类题型主要考查考生的归纳、概括等能力。
一种命题方式是对整篇文章或者某一段落大意的概括,提问方式一般是:
Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
/Whatisthemainideaofthetext/thesecondparagraph?
;另一种命题方式是提炼文章的标题,其提问方式一般是:
Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
阅读时,文章的开头、结尾及段落的段首句和段尾句特别重要,因为它们往往包含文章的中心议题。
有时候,文章或段落中没有明确的主题句,需要我们根据所提供的信息归纳出文章或段落的主旨大意。
同时要注意提炼文章的关键词。
此外,标题类题目还要追求语言的生动和趣味性。
【例1】(2013安徽卷B篇)
Usingtoomuchwaterorthrowingrubbishintoourriversareclearwaysthathumanscanputourwatersupplyindanger,butwealsoaffectourwatersupplyinlessobviousways.Youmaywonderhowpaving(铺砌)aroadcanleadtolessuseablefreshwater.Amajorpartofthewaterweuseeverydayisgroundwater.Groundwaterdoesnotcomefromlakesorrivers.Itcomesfromunderground.Themoreroadsandparkinglotswepave,thelesswatercanflowintothegroundtobecomegroundwater.
63.Thetextismainlyabout______.
A.whypavingroadsreducesourwater
B.howmuchwedependonwatertolive
C.whydroughtsoccurmoreindryclimates
D.howhumanactivityaffectsourwatersupply
解析:
文章主要介绍了由于一些不合理的人类活动,导致了水资源的短缺,呼吁大家从我做起,从小事做起来保护水资源。
文章的第一句就揭示了文章的主题:
人类活动影响着水资源的供应。
【例2】(2013天津卷C篇)
PoetWilliamStaffordoncesaidthatwearedefinedmorebythedetours(绕行路)inlifethanbythenarrowroadtowardgoals.Ilikethisimage.ButitwasquitebyaccidentthatIdiscoveredthedeepmeaningofhiswords.
50.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A.CharmoftheDetour
B.TheRoadtoBravery
C.CreativityoutofNecessity
D.RoadTripandCountryLife
解析:
作者以诗人WilliamStafford对绕行道的理解引题,加上自己的亲身经历,进一步理解了绕行道更深刻的意义——它会让你发现旅行中最好的部分,也发现最好的自己。
由此我们概括出文章的标题:
绕路的魅力。
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中,选出最佳选项。
Myheartbeatwiththatfeeling,pumpingitlikebloodtomybodyasmyfingersflewacrossthepianokeys.Asthepiecenearedtheend,Istooduptotakemyfinalbow.Forasecond,theroomwasquiet.Yet,eveninthatonesecond,IhadenoughtimetodoubtwhetherIhaddoneeverythingperfectly.Then,suddenly,theapplausecame.
“Thankyou…somuch,”Isaid,turningtoOlga,mypianoteacherforsixyears.“You’vebeenanamazingstudentalltheseyears,”shesaid,“andIhopethatwhateveryoudo,youneverstoppracticing.”
Ileanedforward,promisingIwouldalwayskeepplayingbecauseIlovedpiano,andhuggedher.
Itturnedouttobethatpromisesweren’tasmeaningfulasI’dhopedforthemtobe.Rightafterquitting,Ikeptupmystrictpracticingschedule.Soon,itbeganslippingawayfromme.Afterall,thereasonIhadstoppedtakinglessonswasthatmyschedulewasbusywithhomework.Notlongafter,Istoppedpracticingaltogether.Itwaspleasingnottohavetostressaboutpianoanymore.Butsomethingwasshiftinginsideofme.Iwasemptyinside.
OnedayImetMichelle,whohadalsotakenpianolessonsfromOlgaforquiteawhile.
“So,areyoustilltakinglessonsfromOlga?
”Sheasked.
“Um,no,actuallyIjustquitawhileago,”Irepliedquickly.
“Oh,that’sashame,”sheresponded,“Youusedtobesogood—Irememberyourperformanceayearago;itwasbreathtaking.”
TwodaysaftertalkingtoMichelle,Isubconsciously(潜意识地)satdownonthebenchandstartedplaying.Iwasn’teventryingtomakethenotessoundmusicallycorrect…IwassimplydoingwhatIshouldhavebeenthisentiretime:
playing,justtobeplaying.
Asthemusicspread,afamiliarfeelingroseinsideme.
1.Accordingtothepassage,thequietroommadethewriterdoubt.
A.whethersheendedthemusicalittleearlierB.whethersheexpressedherfeelinginmusic
C.whethersheplayedthepianoperfectlyD.whethershewaspolitetomakeabow
2.Whydidthewriterstoppracticingthepiano?
A.Shelostinterestinplayingthepiano.B.Shewassatisfiedwithherperformance.
C.ShethoughtOlgatobetoostrictwithher.D.Shewasbusywithherhomework.
3.Afterstoppingthepiano,thewriterfelt.
A.sheseemedtohavenopurposeinlifeB.shegotridofthepressureoflife
C.shehadmoretimetodootheractivitiesD.shechangedherselfintoanotherperson
4.Michaelseemedtothink.
A.thewritercouldbecomeafamouspianistB.itwasapityforthewritertostoppracticing
C.thewritershouldbeashamedofherdecisionD.theperformanceofthewritermadeherheartbroken
【语篇解读】本文是记叙文,主要介绍了一个很有音乐天赋的女孩,放弃练习弹钢琴后的感受,以及最终重新开始弹钢琴的故事。
1.C【命题立意】细节理解题。
考查考生对具体信息的判断能力
【试题解析】根据第一段倒数第二句话可知,因为作者演奏完之后全场寂静,因此作者怀疑自己演奏的是否完美。
2.D【命题立意】推理判断题。
考查考生推理判断的能力。
【试题解析】根据文章第四段第四句话可知作者因忙于功课而停止了练习弹钢琴。
3.A【命题立意】细节理解题。
考查考生对具体信息的判断能力。
【试题解析】根据第四段最后一句话可知,因为停止弹钢琴,作者感到了生活空虚,因此好像生活没有了目的。
4.B【命题立意】推理判断题。
考查考生推理判断的能力。
【试题解析】根据文章的倒数第三段第一句话和第二句话,可知她认为作者不练习弹钢琴太可惜了,因为她弹得那么好。
阅读理解。
Iwasworkingasaconsultantinabeercompany,helpingthepresidentandseniorvicepresidentsformandcarryouttheirnewplanningprojects.Itwasreallyagreatchallenge.
Atthesametime,mymotherwasinthefinalstagesofcancer.
Iworkedduringthedayanddrove40mileshometobewithhereverynight.Itwastiringandstressful,butitwaswhatIwantedtodo.Mycommitmentwastocontinuetodoexcellentconsultingduringtheday,eventhoughmyeveningswereveryhard.Ididn’twanttobotherthepresidentwithmysituation,yetIfeltsomeoneatthecompanyneededtoknowwhatwasgoingon.SoItoldthevicepresidentofHumanResources,askinghimnottosharetheinformationwithanyone.
Afewdayslater,thepresidentcalledmeintohisoffice.
Ithoughthewantedtotalktomeaboutoneofthemanyissueswewereworkingon.WhenIentered,heaskedmetositdown.Hefacedmefromacrosshislargedesk,lookedatmeintheeyeandsaid,“Ihearyourmotherisveryill.”
Iwastotallycaughtbysurpriseandburstintotears.Hejustlookedatme,letmycryingsubside(平息),andthengentlysaidasentenceIwillneverforget:
Whateveryouneed.
Thatwasit.HisunderstandingandhiswillingnessbothtoletmebeinmypainandtooffermeeverythingwerequalitiesofsympathythatIcarrywithmetothisday.
1.Whentheauthorwasworkinginabeercompany,hismother________.
A.wasconcernedabouthimB.drewthepresident’sattention
C.wasseriouslyillD.wasproudofherson
解析:
由文章第二段可知,作者母亲的病已经到了癌症的晚期,可见病得很严重。
答案:
C
2.Althoughhefelttiredandstressed,hefeltithisdutyto________.
A.carryouttheirnewstrategicvision
B.avoidbotheringthepresident
C.tellthevicepresidenthisdifficultsituation
D.dohisjobwellandlookafterhismother
解析:
由第三段第二句的提示可知,虽然工作既累人压力又大,但是作者还得努力做好并照顾着母亲。
答案:
D
3.Mostprobably,thepresidentgottheinformationfrom________.
A.arelativeoftheauthor’sB.thevicepresident
C.theauthor’sgoodfriendsD.theauthor’scolleague
解析:
第三段最后一句讲述了作者把母亲患癌症的事告诉了副董事长。
几天以后,董事长就找他谈他母亲的事。
故可推断是副董事长把此事告知了董事长。
答案:
B
4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedtobestdescribethepresident?
A.Considerate.B.Intelligent.
C.Honest.D.Consultative.
解析:
根据最后一段第二句的描述可知,这位董事长是位考虑周全和体贴的人。
intelligent聪明的;honest诚实的;consultative商议的,协商的。
答案:
A
5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?
A.UnderstandingIsEverywhereB.GenerousPresident
C.SympathyIsNeededD.AnUnforgetableMemory
解析:
从文章最后一段判断,作者对这件事刻骨铭心。
故D项作文章标题最合适。
答案:
D。
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项中(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
(2015·江西省八所重点中学高三联考)
BobbiKristinaBrown'sfamilyhasbeengatheredaroundhersinceshewashospitalizedonSaturdayafterbeingfoundunconsciousinthebathtubofhersuburbanAtlantatownhome.
WhitneyHouston'sonlychildisnowatEmoryUniversityHospitalandisstillfightingforherlife,asafamilystatementsaidonMonday.
Nothinghaschanged,despitereportsthatarepoppingupandpaintingamoreseriouspicture.
FoxNewsreportedWednesdaythatthesituationishorrific.“It'snowamatterofwhenthefamilywantstoletgoandacceptthatshe'sprettymuchnotgoingtomakeit,”asourcetoldFOX411.“They'veleftituptothefamilyastohowlongtheywanttokeepheralive.”
PeopleMagazineisalsoreportingthatadoctortoldBrown'sfamilyonWednesdaythatnothingmorecouldbedone.“Everyoneiscomingtothehospitaltosaygoodbye,”saidafamilymember.
AndtheDailyMailsaysBrownhasbeentakenofflifesupport.
ButBobbyBrownissuedastatementlateThursdaydenyingthesereports.
“Ifweissuedastatementeverytimethemediapublishedafalsereportregardingthismatter,that'sallwewouldbedoing24hoursaday.Thisisfalse,justasisthevastmajorityoftheotherreportingthatiscurrentlytakingplace,”hesaid,accordingtotheAtlantaJournalConstitution.
AsourceclosetothefamilytellsUSATODAYthatit'swrongtosaythefamilyisgatheringtosaygoodbye,becausethefamilyhasbeentheresincethebeginning,sonothingisanydifferenttodayforthem.
Also,Brownis“notbraindead,”ashasbeenreported.
And,asforotherstoriessayingthattheHoustonfamilyisfeudingwithBobbiKristina'sdad,BobbyBrown?
Thosearen'ttrueeither.They“areNOTfighting,”saysoursource.
文章大意:
本文主要讲Kristina病危,几家报社的报道都失真,一家人仍在祈祷出现奇迹。
1.AccordingtoFoxNews,BobbiKristinais________.
A.withinaninchoflife B.onthewaytosuccess
C.leftasidebyherfamilyD.inagoodstate
答案:
A 细节理解题。
根据文章第四段可知选A。
withinaninchoflife半死;onthewaytosuccess在成功的路上;leftasidebyherfamily被家人放在一边;inagoodstate状态良好。
2.BobbyBrownholdstheopinionthat________.
A.theyarebusyissuingstatementsallday
B.thefamilyissayinggoodbyetoKristina
C.heisgettingalongwellwiththeHoustonfamily
D.mostjournalistsaregettingthewrongendofthestick.
答案:
D 细节理解题。
根据文章第七段ButBobbyBrownissuedastatementlateThursdaydenyingthesereports.可知BobbyBrown认为大部分记者报道失真。
故选D。
3.Which