虚拟语气专项讲解练习.docx
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虚拟语气专项讲解练习
虚拟语气
虚拟语气一直都被认为是英语学习中的一个难点，因此也便成为了各类考试的热点。
现就虚拟语气的一些问题归纳如下，以帮助解决拟语气这个语法难点。
一、动词wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1.用wish表示现在的祝愿和报歉。
其句子结构为：
宾语从句的谓语be和were（was），实义动词用过去式。
例：
Iwishthewereathomethistime.
2.用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。
其句子结构为：
宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时或could+现在完成时。
例：
IwishIhadn'
thurthimsomuch。
3.用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。
其句子结构为宾语从句的谓语为would/could/might+动词原形。
例：
IwishImightbe
abletocometomorrow。
二、用在一般虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气
（一）表示与现在、过去、将来事实相反的假设
1.与现在事实相反的假设。
其句子结构为：
从句：
if+主语+动词的过去式（be变were）+其他
主句：
主语+would（should,could,might）+动词原形+其他
例:
IfIwereyou,Iwouldgowithhim.
2.与过去事实相反的假设。
其句子结构为：
从句：
lf+主语+过去完成时+其他
主句：
主语+should（would,could,might）+现在完成时+其他。
例：
Ifyouhadstudiedharderlastterm,youcouldhavepassedexam.
3•表示对将来事实实现的可能性不大的假设。
其句子结构为：
从句：
If+主语+should（wereto）+动词原形+其他主句：
主语+would（could,should,might）+动词原形
例:
Ifheweretogotomorrow.Hemighttellyou.
（二）从句和主句要根据各自发所生的时间选用符合具体时间的虚拟语气形式
1.从句表示过去，主句表示现在。
Iftheyhadstaredtheearlymorningyesterday,theywouldbeherenow.
2.从句表示将来，主句表示过去。
IfIwerenottomakeapreparationformyexperimentthisafternoon,Iwouldhave
gonetoseethefilmwithyoulastnight。
3.从句表示过去，主句表示将来。
Ifwehadn'tmadeadequatepreparations,weshouldn'tdaretodotheexperiment
nextweek。
4.从句表示将来，主句表示现在。
Ifweshouldn'thaveanexamthisafternoon.Iwouldgoshoppingnow.
由asif、asthough引起的与事实相反的句子，不论主句的谓语是现在时或者说过去时，其谓语表示的时间概念和句子结构，都基本上与wish后的宾语从句相同。
例：
Johnpretendsasifhedidn'tknowthethingatall,butinfactheknowsitverywell.
（用过去式表示与现在事实相反的假设）
Theoldmanlookedatthepicture,hefeltasthoughhehadgonebacktotime20
yearsago.
（用过去完成式表示与过去相反的事实）
Theytalkedandtalkedasiftheywouldnevermeetagain（would+动词原形，表示与
将来事实相反）
四、在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面，其宾语从句的谓语用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气
常用的此类动词有：
表示要求"的：
ask,desire,request,demand,require,beg
表示提议、劝告、建议"的：
move,prpose,suggest,recommend,advise,vote
表示决定、命令"的：
decide,order
表示主张"的：
maintain,urge
表示同意、坚持"的：
consent,insist
例:
Thedoctorsuggestedthathe（should）trytolosehisweight.
Heinsistedthatwe（should）tellhimthenews.
上述动词的名词形式，demand,desire,requirment,advice,order,decision,
recommendation,suggestion,以及necessity,preferenee,plan,motion,idea等名词，其
后的表语从句或同位语从句，也用“should+动词原形表示虚拟语气。
现代英语，特别是美
国英语，常省去“should,”例：
Theadviceisthatwe（should）leaveatonce.
Heideathatwe（should）visitGreatWallwaswarmlywelcomed.
五、在“Itis（was）+形容词（或过去分词）+that"结构中，主语从句的谓语也用
“should+原形动词表虚拟语气
美国英语中省去should,常用的形容词和过去分词有：
表示要求"的：
required,demanded,requested,desired,desirabl。
表示建议"的：
suggested,recommended,
表示迫切、紧近、重要"的：
imperative,urgent,necessary,essential,important,vital
表示适当、较好"的：
appropriate,advisable,better,preferable
表示可能"的：
probable,possible
表示命令"的：
ordered
例:
Itwasnecessarythatwe（should）makeeverythingreadyaheadoftime.
Itisrequiredthatnobody（should）smokehere.
六、由下列名词或短语引导，或含有某些词的从句中应用的虚拟语气
1.“lest以免、惟恐"引导的从句用“shuld+动词原形”
Hetookamapwithhimlesthe（should）losehiswagthere.
2.awhether不管、无论"引导的让步状语从句，有时用动词原形。
Allthings,whetheryouknowordon'tknow,existintheworld.
3.用"wouldrather/hadrather'wouIdjustassoon"表示宁愿、但愿”，后面的宾语从句谓语用过去式或动词原形表示对将来的要求，用过去时表示对现在的愿望，用过去完成时表示对过去做的事的懊悔。
Don'tliveintheworld,Iwouldrather（Iwouldjustassoon）youdie.
Iwouldratheryougotomorrow.
Iwouldrathereverythinghadn'thappenedinthepast.
4.用“hadhoped”表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情，其宾语从句的谓语用“would动词原形”。
IhadhopedthatshewouldgototheU.S.andstudythere,butshesaidshelikedtostayinChina.
5.在“Itis（high/about）time+that'引导的定语从句中，定语从句的主谓语用一般过去
时，偶尔也可以用would（或should）+动词原形，或hadrather（wouldrather）+动词原形。
Itishihg（about）timethatweleft/shouldleave/hadbetterleave/hadratherleave/wereleaving.（注意与“Thisisthefirst/second•后从句”用现在完成时的区别。
6.用“without/butfor/intheabseneeof表示’要不是”，如果没有"（相当于ifitwerenotfor…）表示条件时，句中一般用虚拟语气。
（也可用陈述语气）
Withoutyourhelp,Icouldn'tfinishmyworkontime.
Intheabseneeofwaterandair,nothingcouldlive.
7.由“providing（that）/provided（that）/onconditionthat/inorderthat引导的条件从句
或目的从句，根据情况，可用虚拟语气。
（有时也可用陈述语气）
Theyarewillingsurrenderprovidedtheyaregivenfreepassage.
8.在if引导的虚拟条件句中，若有were,had,should,在书面语中可省去if,将were
等提到主语前，形成倒装。
Shouldtherebeagoodfilmtomorrow.Iwouldgotothetheatrewithyou.
Wereitnotforyourhelp.Iwouldn'tbesucceed.虚拟语气专项练习
1.Youdidn'tletmedrive.Ifweinturn,yousotired.
A.drove;didn'tgetB.drove;wouldn'tget
C.weredriving;wouldn'tgetD.haddriven;wouldn'thavegot
2.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.
A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken
3.itraintomorrow,weshouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.
A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will
4.Jane'sfacesuggestedthatsheill,andherparentssuggestedthatshea
medicalexamination.
A.be;shouldhaveB.was;haveC.shouldbe;hadD.was;has
5.Withoutelectricityhumanlifequitedifferenttoday.
A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe
6.ItoldSallyhowtogetthere,butperhapsIforher.
A.hadtowriteitoutB.musthavewrittenitout
C.shouldhavewrittenitoutD.oughttowriteitout
7.Ididn'tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe,shewouldhavemetmybrother.
A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome
9.Thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey
A.shouldbeB.wouldbe
10.Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun
A.wouldbefreezingcold
B.willbefreezingcoldly
D.canfreezecoldly
A.have
B.will
C.do
D.had
12.Ifonlyhe
A.lies
quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.
D.shouldlie
B.lay
C.hadlain
13.IfI
A.was
you,Iwouldaskhimtostay.
B.wouldbe
C.were
D.
am
14.Ifithadn
'trainedlastSunday,we
A.couldgo
B.couldhavegone
picnicking.
C.went
D.wouldgo
15.Everybodywouldbeveryhappyifthe
hotsummer
tomorrow.
A.shouldfinish
B.wouldfinish
C.weretobefinished
D.finishes
16.IfonlyI
youradvice!
A.hadtaken
B.took
C.wouldtake
D.havetaken
yesterday,wecouldplayfootballonthesportsgroundnow.
A.didn'snowB.hasn'tsnowedC.hadn'tsnowed
17.Ifit
D.weren't
snowing.
18.Ifhecamehereatthismoment,I
him.
A.wouldcriticize
B.willcriticize
C.shallcriticizeD.weretocriticize
19.IwishI
themeetinglastweek.
A.couldattend
B.attended
C.haveattendedD.couldhaveattended
20.He'alwaystalkinglikethat,asifthewholeworld
A.hadbelongedB.belongedC.werebelongingD.werebelonged
'tbeinteresting.Evenifit
21.TheTVplayfortonightwon
it.
A.wouldbe
B.be
tohimalone.
C.hadbeen
Imightnothavetimefor
D.were
B.hadn'tsucceeded
C.willnotsucceed
8.--Ifhe,hethatfood.
--Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.
A.waswarmed;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothave
taken
C.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnot
taken
friendsforyears.
C.havebeenD.hadbeen
'sheat,theearthatnight,toocoldforus
tolive.
C.wouldbefrozencold11.--HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?
--No,butIwishI
22.Withoutyourhelp,IinmyEnglishstudy.
A.wouldnothavesucceeded
D.won'thavesucceeded
23.TheworkersinFrancedemandedthatthetheirpayfromthefollowingweekon.
C.beraised
A.wouldputoffB.shouldputoffC.puttedoff
25.Themonitormadeaproposalthatthewholeclassthematter.
D.beputoff
A.discussed
B.woulddiscuss
C.bediscussed
D.discuss
26.Itisnecessarythatourdrinkingwater
A.shouldbemadeB.ismade
cleaner.
C.wouldbemade
D.wasmade
27.Itishightimethatourchild
todosomehousework.
A.learned
B.learn
C.willlearn
D.wouldlearn
28.TheystoppedatHangzhousothatthey
theWestLake.
A.willvisit
B.canvisit
29.
it
foryourhelp,Icouldn
C.mayvisit
'thavemakeanyprogress.
D.mightvisit
A.Were;not
B.Had;notbeen
C.Should;notbeen
D.Did;be
30.Youarelateagain.You
A.shouldcome
hereearlier.
B.willcome
C.shouldhavecome
D.willhavecome
31.Don'tcomethisafternoon.I
A.come
B.tocome
'dratheryou__
C.came
tomorrow.
D.willcome
32.Hetookhisraincoatwithhimlestit
A.rained
B.shouldrain
C.wouldrain
D.willrain
33.Johnwasverybusylastweek,otherwise,he
A.wouldhavecomeB.wouldcome
_toattendthemeeting.C.shouldcome
D.came
34.
Itotellheraboutit,shewouldbeveryglad.
A.Should
B.Would
C.Were
D.Might
35.Withoutsunlightorwaterorair,there
A.willhaveB.wouldbe
nolifeontheearth.
C.shouldbe
D.mustbe
36.Itwasorderedthatnosmoking
inthelibrary.
A.isallowed
B.beallowed
C.shouldallow
D.willbeallowed
37.
Iknownhewasintrouble,Imighthavemanagedtohelphim.
A.If
B.When
C.Unless
D.Had
therebytaxiyesterday,itisnotfarfromhere.
A.couldn'thavegone
C.needn'thavegone
39.IwouldhavegonetherewithyoubutI
38.You
B.shouldhavegone
D.mustn
thavegone
A.were
B.hadbeen
tootiredthen.
C.was
D.havebeen
40.--Didyougotoseethefootballmatchyesterday?
--No,Ididn'tfeelwell,butIwouldhavegoneifI
A.did
B.have
C.would
D.had
41.
thefriendshipbetweenuslastforever!
A.CouldB.Will
C.May
D.Wish
42.--Wherehaveyoubeen?
--Igotcaughtintraffic;__
Icouldhavebeenheresoon.
A.otherwise
B.however
43.Ifmylawyer
herelastSaturday,he
C.though
_mefromgoing.
D.anyway
C.were;wouldprevent
D.were;wouldhaveprevented
44.Ifitforthesnow,wethe
升级会员 