全新版大学英语第四册综合教程课文The Icy Defender保卫者.docx

全新版大学英语第四册综合教程课文The Icy Defender保卫者.docx

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全新版大学英语第四册综合教程课文TheIcyDefender保卫者

TheIcyDefender（n.保卫者）

1.In1812,NapoleonBonaparte,Emperor（n.皇帝；君主）oftheFrench,ledhisGrandArmyintoRussia.HewaspreparedforthefierceresistanceoftheRussianpeopledefendingtheirhomeland（n.祖国；家乡）.HewaspreparedforthelongmarchacrossRussiansoiltoMoscow,thecapitalcity.Buthewasnotpreparedforthedevastating（a.毁灭性的）enemythatmethiminMoscow--theraw（a.阴冷的；生的；未加工的）,bitter,bleak（a.寒冷刺骨的；凄凉的）Russianwinter.

2.In1941,AdolfHitler,leaderofNaziGermany,launched（vt.开始；发射）anattackagainsttheSovietUnion,asRussiathenwascalled.Hitler'smilitarymightwasunequaled（a.无比的）.HiswarmachinehadmoweddownresistanceinmostofEurope.Hitlerexpectedashortcampaign（n.战役；运动）but,likeNapoleonbeforehim,wastaughtapainfullesson.TheRussianwinteragaincametotheaidoftheSovietsoldiers.

Napoleon'sCampaign

3.Inthespringof1812,Napoleonassembledanarmyofsixhundredthousandmenontheborders（n.边界（地区））ofRussia.Thesoldierswerewelltrained,efficient（a.效率高的）,andwellequipped.ThismilitaryforcewascalledtheGrandArmy.Napoleon,confidentofaquickvictory,predictedtheconquest（n.征服，战胜）ofRussiainfiveweeks.

4.Shortlyafterwards,Napoleon'sarmycrossedtheNemanRiverintoRussia.Thequick,decisive（a.决定性的；果断的）victorythatNapoleonexpectedneverhappened.Tohissurprise,theRussiansrefusedtostandandfight.Instead,theyretreated（vi.退却）eastward,burningtheircropsandhomesastheywent.TheGrandArmyfollowed,butitsadvancemarchsoonbecamebogged（v.（使）陷入泥潭;阻碍）down（陷入泥潭；不能前进）

5.InAugust,theFrenchandRussianarmiesengaged（v.与……交战；占用（时间、精力等））atSmolensk,inabattlethatleftovertenthousanddeadoneachside.Yet,theRussianswereagainabletoretreatfartherintoRussianterritory.Napoleonhadwonnodecisivevictory.Hewasnowfacedwithacrucial（a.至关重要的）decision.ShouldhecontinuetopursuetheRussianarmy?

OrshouldhekeephisarmyinSmolenskfortheapproachingwinter?

6.Napoleontookthegamble（n.赌博）ofpressingon\ahend（（不顾困难）继续进行）toMoscow,448kilometersaway.OnSeptember7,1812,theFrenchandRussianarmiesmetinfiercebattleatBorodino,112kilometerswestofMoscow.Bynightfall（n.黄昏；傍晚）,thirtythousandFrenchandforty-fourthousandRussianslaydeadorwoundedonthebattlefield.

7.Again,theRussianarmyretreatedtosafety.NapoleonhadaclearpathtoMoscow,buttheoccupation（n.占领；职业）ofthecitybecameanemptyvictory.TheRussiansfledtheircapital.SoonaftertheFrencharrived,aragingfiredestroyedtwo-thirdsofthecity.Napoleonofferedatruce（n.停战）toAlexanderI,buttheRussianczar（n.沙皇）knewhecouldbide（v.）histime（等待时机）:

"WeshalllettheRussianwinterfightthewarforus."

8.Napoleonsoonrealizedhecouldnotfeed,clothe,andquarterhisarmyinMoscowduringthewinter.InOctober1812,heorderedhisGrandArmytoretreatfromMoscow.

9.TheFrenchretreatturnedintoanightmare.Fromfieldsandforests,theRussianslaunchedhit-and-run（a.打了就跑的）attacksontheFrench.AshortdistancefromMoscow,thetemperaturehadalreadydroppedtominus（prep.零下；减a.负的；减的；稍低的）4degreesCelsius（a.（温度）摄氏（的））.OnNovember3,thewinter'sfirstsnowcame.Exhaustedhorsesfelldeadintheirtracks.Cannon（n.大炮；火炮；机关炮）becamestuckinthesnow.Equipmenthadtobeburnedforfuel.Soldierstookillandfrozetodeath.TheFrenchsoldiersdraggedon（缓慢费力地走；拖延）,leavingthedeadalongeverymile.

10.AstheRussianarmywasgatheringitsstrength,theFrenchhadtofleeRussiatoavoidcertaindefeat.AttheBerezinaRiver,theRussiansnearlytrappedtheretreatingFrenchbyburningthebridgesovertheswollen（a.涨水的；肿胀的；扩大的）river.ButNapoleon,byastroke（n.一次；一回；一下；一击）ofluck,wasabletobuildtwonewbridges.ThousandsofFrenchsoldiersescaped,butatthecostoffiftythousanddead.OnceacrosstheBerezina,thetattered（a.衣衫褴褛的）survivorslimped（n.一瘸一拐地走；跛行）towardVilna.

11.OfthesixhundredthousandsoldiersNapoleonhadledintoRussia,lessthanonehundredthousandcameback.Theweakened（v.（使）虚弱；（使）变弱）FrencharmycontinueditsretreatwestwardacrossEurope.Soon,Britain,Austria,Russia,andPrussiaformedapowerfulalliance（n.联盟）andattackedthesestragglers（n.落伍士兵；掉队者）.InMarch1814,Pariswascaptured.Napoleonabdicated（v.退位）andwentintoexile（n.vt.流放；流亡）,hisempire（n.帝国）atanend.

Hitler'sInvasion

12.Byearly1941,AdolfHitler,leaderofNazi（n.纳粹，国设党分子）Germany,hadseizedcontrolofmostofEurope.TotheeastofHitler'sGermanempirewastheSovietUnion.OnJune22,1941,withoutadeclaration（n.宣布；宣言）ofwar,Hitlerbegananinvasion（n.入侵，侵略）oftheSovietUnionthatwasthelargestmilitarylandcampaigninhistory.Confidentofaquickvictory,Hitlerexpectedthecampaigntolastnolongerthanthreemonths.Heplannedtousetheblitzkrieg（n.闪电战）,or"lightning（a.闪电似的，极快的n.闪电）war,"tactics（n.战术）thathaddefeatedtherestofEurope.Theinvasionhadthreebroadthrusts:

againstLeningradandMoscowandthroughtheUkraine.

13.Caughtoffguard（趁某人不备）bytheinvasion,SovietleaderJosephStalininstructed（vt.指示，命令；讲授）theRussianpeopleto"scorch（vt.烧光，使成焦土；烤焦）theearth"infrontoftheGermaninvaders.Farmsandfactorieswereburned,destroyed,orrendered（vt.使成为）useless.Duringthefirsttenweeksoftheinvasion,theGermanspushedthefronteastward,andtheRussianssufferedmorethanamillioncasualties（n.伤亡人员；死伤者）.

14.Inthenorth,theGermansclosedinonLeningrad.Despitegreatsuffering,however,thepeopleofLeningradrefusedtosurrender.AsthebattleofLeningraddraggedonintowinter,thecity'ssituationbecamedesperate.Asfoodranout,peoplediedfromhungeranddisease.Bythemiddleofthewinterof1941-1942,nearlyfourthousandpeoplestarvedtodeatheveryday.Closetoonemillionpeoplediedasaresultofthesiege（n.围困）.

15.InthecenterofRussia,Hitler'sgoalwasthecaptureofMoscow.BecausetheGermanshadanticipatedaquickvictory,theyhadmadenoplansforwintersupplies.Octoberarrivedwithheavyrains."GeneralMud（n.烂泥）"sloweddownthemovementoftheGermans'lightningattack.

16.AsHitler'sarmiesdrewcloserandclosertoMoscow,anearly,severewintersettledovertheSovietUnion,theharshestinyears.Temperaturesdroppedtominus48degreesCelsius.Heavysnowsfell.TheGermansoldiers,completelyunpreparedfortheRussianwinter,frozeintheirlightsummeruniforms.TheGermantankslayburiedintheheavysnowbanks.TheRussianwinterbroughttheGermanoffensive（n.进攻a.进攻的；冒犯的；使人不快的）toahalt（使停止）.

17.Bythesummerof1942,Hitlerhadlaunchedtwonewoffensives.Inthesouth,theGermanscapturedSevastopol.HitlerthenpushedeasttoStalingrad,agreatindustrialcitythatstretchedfor48kilometersalongtheVolgaRiver.Despitegreatsuffering,SovietdefendersrefusedtogiveupStalingrad.

18.InNovember1942,theRussianslaunchedacounterattack（n.反攻）.WithlittleornoshelterfromthewintercoldinandaroundStalingrad,Germantroops（n.部队）werefurtherweakenedbyalackoffoodandsupplies.NotuntilJanuary1943didtheGermansgiveuptheirsiege.OfthethreehundredthousandGermansattackingStalingrad,onlyninetythousandstarvingsoldierswereleft.ThelossofthebattleforStalingradfinallyturnedthetide（n.潮汐；潮流，趋势）against（彻底改变形势（造成对……不利），扭转潮流）Hitler.TheGermanvictorieswereover,thanksinparttotheRussianwinter.

19.During1943and1944,theSovietarmiespushedtheGermanfrontbacktowardthewest.Inthenorth,theRedArmybrokethethree-yearsiegeofLeningradwithasurpriseattackonJanuary15,1944.Withintwoweeks,theheroic（a.英雄的；英勇的）survivorsofLeningradsawtheirinvadersdepart.ByMarch1944,theUkrainefarmingregion（n.地区）wasagaininSoviethands.OnMay9,1944,SevastopolwasliberatedfromtheGermans.TheRussianswerenowheadingforBerlin.

20.ForHitler,theinvasionoftheSovietUnionhadturnedintoamilitarydisaster.FortheRussianpeople,itbroughtunspeakablesuffering.ThetotalSovietdeadinWorldWarIIreachedalmost23million.

Russia'sIcyDefender

21.Theelementsofnaturemustbereckon（v.计算；认为）edwith（被加以考虑）inanymilitarycampaign.NapoleonandHitlerbothunderestimated（vt.低估）theseverity（n.猛烈；严重）oftheRussianwinter.Snow,ice,andfreezingtemperaturestooktheirtoll（造成损失（伤亡等））onbothinvadingarmies.FortheRussianpeople,thewinterwasanicydefender.

II.Translation

攻势已经持续了三天，但是我们并没有取得多少进展。

我们在前线与敌人交战的部队遇到了强力的抵抗。

师长（divisioncommander）命令我们营（battalion）绕到敌人后方发起突然袭击。

然而，要绕到敌人后方，我们必须越过一片沼泽地（marshland）。

我们很多人担心会陷入泥潭中。

我们营长决定冒一下险。

我们在夜幕掩盖下出发，不顾困难，奋勇向前。

幸运的是，夜间温度突然降到摄氏零下20度，烂泥地都结上了冰。

由于这寒冷的天气，我们于天亮前到达并从敌人后方发起进攻。

这一下扭转了战局。

敌人没有戒备，不久便投降了。

Theoffensivehadalreadylastedthreedays,butwehadnotgainedmuchground.Our

troopsengagingtheenemyatthefrontwerefacedwithstrong/fierce/stiffresistance.Thedivisioncommanderinstructedourbattaliontogetaroundtotherearoftheenemyandlauncha

surpriseattack.Todoso,however,wehadtocrossamarshlandandmanyofuswereafraidwe

mightgetboggeddowninthemud.Ourbattalioncommanderdecidedtotakeagamble.We

startedundercoverofdarknessandpressedoninspiteofgreatdifficulties.Byastrokeofluck,

thetemperatureatnightsuddenlydroppedtominus20degreesCelsiusandthemarshfrozeover.Thankstothecoldweather,wearrivedatourdestinationbeforedawnandbeganattackingtheenemyfromtherear.Thisturnedthetideofthebattle.Theenemy,caughtoffguard,soonsurrendered.

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