考研英语一真题及参考答案.docx

考研英语一真题及参考答案.docx

《考研英语一真题及参考答案.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考研英语一真题及参考答案.docx（14页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

考研英语一真题及参考答案

2013年全国研究生入学考试

英语一

　　SectionIUseofEnglish

　　Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

　　Peopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat__1_theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby_2_factors.ButDrSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig_3_wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamplesofinformationtheywereworkingwith._4_,hetheorisedthatajudge_5_ofappearingtoosoft_6_crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison__7_hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoforcedcommunityserviceonthatday.

　　To__8__thisidea,theyturnedtheirattentiontotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheory,the____9___ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers___10____randomlyforinterviewduringthesameday,butDrSimonsohnsuspectedthetruthwas____11____.

　　Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323MBAinterviews_12_by31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad_13_applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale_14_numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere_15_usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant’sscoreontheGMAT,astandardisedexamwhichis_16_outof800points,tomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorher.

　　DrSimonsohnfoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone_17__that,thenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould_18_byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmall,butto_19_theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatewouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen_20__.

1.AgrantsBsubmitsCtransmitsDdilivers

2.AminorBexternalCcrucialDobjective

　　3.AissueBvisionCpictureDmoment

　　4.AAboveallBOnaverageCInprincipleDForexample

　　5.AfondBfearfulCcapableDthoughtless

　　6.AinBforCtoDon

　　7.AifBuntilCthoughDunless

　　8.A.testB.emphasizeC.shareD.promote

　　9.A.decisionB.qualityC.statusD.success

　　10.A.foundB.studiedC.chosenD.identified

　　11.A.otherwiseB.defensibleC.replaceableD.exceptional

　　12.A.inspiredB.expressedC.conductedD.secured

　　13.A.assignedB.ratedC.matchedD.arranged

　　14.A.putB.gotC.tookD.gave

　　15.A.insteadB.thenC.everD.rather

　　16.A.selectedB.passedC.markedD.introduced

　　17.AbelowBafterCaboveDbefore

　　18.AjumpBfloatCfluctuateDdrop

　　19.AachieveBundoCmaintainDdisregard

　　20.AnecessaryBpossibleCpromisingDhelpful

SectionIIReadingComprehension

　　PartA

　　Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）　　

　　Text1

　　Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn’taffecther,Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant’ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentsstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.

　　Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn’tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswiththefeverishwoulddescribedinOverdressed,EliazabethCline’sthree-yearindictmentof“fastfashion”.Inthelastdecadeorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&M,andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentrelease,andmoreprofit.Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable-meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat–andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.

　　Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera$5.95knitminiskirtinallits2,300-piusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wageoverseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountsofharmfulchemicals.

　　Overdressedisthefashionworld’sanswertoconsumer-activistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan’sTheOmnivore’sDilemma.“Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetisnon-durableandwasteful,”Clineargues.Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsayear–about64itemsperperson–andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadstowaste.

　　TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSarahKateBeaumont,whosince2008hasmadeallofherownclothes–andbeautifully.ButasClineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;herexamplecan’tbeknockedoff.

　　Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandtheenvironment–includingH&M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionline–Clinebelieveslastingchangecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.Sheexhibitstheidealismcommontomanyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan’taffordnotto.

21.Priestlycriticizesherassistantforher

　　[A]poorbargainingskill.[B]insensitivitytofashion.

　　[C]obsessionwithhighfashion.[D]lackofimagination.

22.AccordingtoCline,mass-maketlabelsurgeconsumersto

　　[A]combatunnecessarywaste.[B]shutoutthefeverishfashionworld.

　　[C]resisttheinfluenceofadvertisements.[D]shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently.

23.Theword“indictment”（Line3,Para.2）isclosestinmeaningto

　　[A]accusation.[B]enthusiasm.

　　[C]indifference.[D]tolerance.

24.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelaseparagraph?

　　[A]Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists.

　　[B]Thefast-fashionindustryignoressustainability.

　　[C]Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments.

　　[D]Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing.

25.Whatisthesubjectofthetext?

　　[A]Satireonanextravagantlifestyle.

　　[B]Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth.

　　[C]Criticismofthefast-fashionindustry.

　　[D]Exposureofamass-marketsecret.

Text2

　　Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted-thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescanaim“behavioural”adsatthosemostlikelytobuy.

　　Inthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhasillustratedthevaluetoadvertisersofsuchfine-grainedinformation:

Shouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedandsentbehaviouralads?

Orshouldtheyhaveexplicitpermission?

　　InDecember2010America'sFederalTradeCornmission（FTC）proposedaddinga"donottrack"（DNT）optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladwertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed.Microsoft'sInternetExplorerandApple'sSafaribothofferDNT;Google'sChromeisduetodosothisyear.InFebruarytheFTCandDigltalAdwertisingAlliance（DAA）agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespongingtoDNTrequests.

　　OnMay31stMicrosoftSetofftherow:

ItsaidthatInternetExplorer10,theversionduetoappearwindows8,wouldhaveDNTasadefault.

　　Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GetingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptracking,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso.UnabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehaviouraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwithMicrosoft’sdefault,somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway.

　　AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Atterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcomplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.IfitistryingtoupsetGoogle,whichreliesalmostwhollyondefaultwillbecomethenorm.DNTdoesnotseemanobviouslyhugesellingpointforwindows8-thoughthefirmhascomparedsomeofitsotherproductsfavourablywithGoogle'sonthatcountbefore.BrendonLynch,Microsoft'schiefprivacyofficer,bloggde:

"webelieveconsumersshouldhavemorecontrol."Coulditreallybethatsimple?

26.Itissuggestedinparagraph1that“behavioural”adshelpadvertisersto:

　　[A]easecompetitionamongthemselves[B]lowertheiroperationalcosts

　　[C]avoidcomplaintsfromconsumers[D]providebetteronlineservices

27.“Theindustry”（Line6,Para.3）refersto:

　　[A]onlineadvertisers[B]e-commerceconductors

　　[C]digitalinformationanalysis[D]internetbrowserdevelopers

28.BobLiodiceholdsthatsettingDNTasadefault

　　[A]manycutthenumberofjunkads[B]failstoaffecttheadindustry

　　[C]willnotbenefitconsumers[D]goesagainsthumannature

29.whichofthefollowingistureaccordingtoParagraph.6?

　　[A]DNTmaynotserveitsintendedpurpose[B]AdvertisersarewillingtoimplementDNT

　　[C]DNTislosingitspopularityamongconsumers[D]Advertisersareobligedtoofferbehaviouralads

30.Theauthor'sattitudetowardswhatBrendonLynchsaidinhisblogisoneof:

　　[A]indulgence[B]understanding

　　[C]appreciaction[D]skepticism

Text3

　　Upuntilafewdecadesago,ourvisionsofthefuturewerelargely-thoughbynomeansuniformly-glowinglypositive.Scienceandtechnologywouldcurealltheills