自考国际商务英语学科考试复习要点.docx
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自考国际商务英语学科考试复习要点
国际商务英语学科考试复习要点
Lesson1InternationalBusiness
商务术语:
FDIGDPBOTpatentcopyrightvaluechainfranchising(紫色书10-11页)
考点:
国际商务贸易的主要类型(majortypesofinternationalbusiness)
A.Trade(贸易):
a.commoditytrade(商品贸易,也叫有形贸易visibletrade)
b.servicetrade(服务贸易,也叫无形贸易invisibletrade)
B.Investment(投资):
a.foreigndirectinvestment(FDI外国直接投资)
b.portfolioinvestment(证券投资)
C.Othertypes(其他类型):
a.licensingandfranchising(国际许可与特许经营)
b.managementcontractandcontractmanufacturing(管理合同和承包生产)
翻译练习:
1.随着经济全球化的发展,无形贸易即使在发展中国家的国际贸易中所占的比例也逐渐增大
Withthedevelopmentofeconomicglobalization,invisibletradeaccountsforanincreasingproportionoftheworldtradeeveninthedevelopingcountries
2.BOT是“交钥匙”工程的一种流行的变通形式
BOTisapopularvariantoftheturnkeyproject
Lesson2IncomeLevelandtheWorldMarket
商务术语:
GNPPPP(purchasingpowerparity购买力平价)Staplegoods(大路货)
creditorcountry(债权国)(紫色书25页)
考点:
国民生产总值和国内生产总值(GNP和GDP)
GNP:
referstothemarketvalueofgoodsandservicesproducedbythepropertyandlaborownedbytheresidentsofaneconomy
GDP:
referstothemarketvalueofallgoodsandservicesproducedwithinthegeographicareaofaneconomy.
Percapitaincome(人均收入):
Itiscalculatedbydividingitsnationalincomebyitspopulation
TriadandQuad(三方组合和四方组合):
A.UnitedStates
B.WesternEurope
C.Japan
D.Canada
翻译练习:
1.国民生产总值和国内生产总值体现了一个国家的全部收入,在衡量国民收入方面可以互换使用。
GNPandGDPindicateacountry’stotalincome.Theycanbeusedinterchangeablytomeasurethelevelofitsnationalincome.
2.欧盟作为三方组合的一个分支,在使我们的市场多元化方面起着相当重要的作用
EU,asonelegofTriad,playsanimportantroleintherespectofdiversifyingourmarket
Lesson3RegionalEconomicIntegration
商务术语:
tariffrates(关税率)settlement(协议)cartel(卡特尔)freetradearea
NAFTA(NorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement北美自由贸易协定)紫色书41页
考点:
1.地区一体化的主要目标(Majorobjectivesofregionalintegration)
Tobetterenjoythebenefitoffreeflowofgoods,services,capital,laborandotherresources,atthesametimepossiblyputupbarrierstoeconomicactivitieswithnon-members
2.地区经济一体化的四个层次(Fourlevelsofregionaleconomicintegration)
A.Freetradearea(自由贸易区)----经济一体化程度低,内部团结,但各成员对外采用各自的贸易政策
B.CustomsUnion(关税同盟)---所有成员对外都实行相同的贸易政策
C.Commonmarket(共同市场)---共同的对外政策,生产要素也在各成员国间流动
D.Economicunion(经济联盟)----经济一体化程度最高,共同的对外政策,生产要素也
.在各成员国间流动,统一协调各国在经济金融领域的
国内政策,统一货币
3.掌握EU(欧洲联盟),APEC(亚太经济合作组织).OPEC(石油输出国组织)
翻译练习:
1.共同市场具有使商品,服务,劳动力甚至资本,技术在各成员国之间自由流通的特点.
Thecommonmarketischaracterizedbythefreeflowofcapitalandtechnologybesidesgoods,servicesandlabor.
2.欧盟是一个机构齐全的实体,其历史可以追溯到1952年.
TheEuropeanUnionisafull-fledgedentity,whosehistorydatesbackto1952.
Lesson4EconomicGlobalization
商务术语:
Shareholders(股东),boardofdirectors(董事会),parentcompany(母公司),affiliate(子公司),day-to-dayrunning(日常管理),multinationalcorporation(跨国公司),homecountry(母公司所在国),hostcountry(东道国)紫色书63-64页
考点:
1.经济全球化的基本特征和优劣势:
A.Basicfeature:
a.freeflowofcommodity,capital,technology,serviceandinformation
b.optimizedallocationofresources(资源优化配置)
B.Advantagesandnegativeimpacts:
Advantages:
a.newimpetusandopportunitiestoworldeconomicdevelopment
b.mutualbenefitsfromeconomicbooms
Negativeimpacts:
a.makecountriesmorevulnerabletotheadverseeventsacrosstheglobal
b.notbalancedbenefits
3.跨国公司(multinationalcorporations)
A.organization---parentandaffiliates(组织----母公司与子公司)
B.features:
a.enormoussizeb.widegeographicalspread(广阔的地域分布)
c.needs,goalsandroles(需要,目标和作用):
profits,security
C.fourtypes:
a.multi-domesticcorporation
b.globalcorporation
c.transnationalcorporation
d.worldcompany
4.翻译:
a.经济全球化使得各国经济更容易受到全球各地不利事件的伤害。
Economicglobalizationismakingthevariouseconomiesmorevulnerabletotheadverseeventsacrosstheglobe.
b.安全对任何一个跨国企业而言都极为重要,因为没有安全,跨国企业组织的生存便无法保证。
SecurityisextremelyimportanttoanyMNEbecausewithoutit,anMNE’ssurvivalcanneverbeassured.
Lesson5-6InternationalTrade
(1)
(2)
商务术语:
services(劳务),primarycommodities(初级产品),absoluteadvantage(绝对利益),comparativeadvantage(比较利益),quota(配额),customsunion(关税同盟),advaloremduty(从价税),specificduties(从量税),drawback(退税),MFN(最惠国待遇),non-tariffbarrier(非关税壁垒).紫色书:
90页110页
考点:
1.国际贸易的定义(definition):
Itreferstotheexchangeofgoodsandservicesproducedinonecountrywiththoseproducedinanother
2.国际贸易的两个缘由(Tworeasonsforinternationaltrade)
a.theunevendistributionofnaturalresourcesamongcountries
b.internationalspecialization(国际专业化)
3.国际专门化的两个理论(Twotheoriesforinternationalspecialization)
a.Thetheoryofabsoluteadvantage(绝对利益理论):
acommoditywillbeproducedinthecountrywhereitcostsleastintermsofresources(capital,land,andlabour)
b.Thetheoryofcomparativeadvantage(相对对利益理论):
Evenifacountryislessefficientthananotherintheproductionofproducingbothcommodities,thereisstillabasisformutuallybeneficialtrade.
4.关税壁垒和非关税壁垒(tariffbarriersandnon-tariffbarriers)
a.tariffbarriers:
exportduty(进口税),importduty(出口税),----specificduties从量税
advaloremduty.从价税
Compoundduty混合税
b.non-tariffbarriers:
quotas----themostcommonformofnon-tariffbarriers
5.翻译练习
a.比较优势理论已成为现代国际贸易思想的基石
Comparativeadvantagehasbecomethecornerstoneofmodernthinkingoninternationaltrade
b.关税壁垒是限制贸易最常见的形式
Tariffbarriersarethemostcommonformsoftraderestriction.
Lesson7Incoterms2000
商务术语:
EDI(电子数据交换),customersclearance(结关),dispatch(发运),ICC(国际商会)
Roll-on-roll-off(滚装滚卸),incoterms(国际贸易通则),FOB(起运港船上交货价),CFR(成本加运费价),CIF(成本加运费加保险费价)紫色书132-133页
考点:
1.《国际贸易术语解释通则》的必要性和目的ThenecessityandpurposeofhavingIncoterms
ThepurposeofINCOTERMSistoprovideasetofinternationalrulesforthemostcommonlyusedtradetermsinforeigntradeandavoiduncertaintiesofdifferentinterpretationsofsuchtermsindifferentcountries.
3.三个最常用术语(Thethreemostcommonlyusedterms)
FOB:
FreeonBoard装运港船上交货
CFR:
CostandFreight成本加运费
CIR:
Cost,InsuranceandFreight成本,保险费,加运费
翻译练习:
a.折扣是指卖方按照商品的原价给买方以一定比率的价格减让
Discountmeansthatsellersoffertobuyersacertainpercentageofreductionontheoriginalprice.
b.买卖双方在制定合同时,如果有理解一致的具体规则可供参照,他们就肯定能简单可靠地确定各自的责任
If,whendrawinguptheircontract,buyerandsellerhavesomecommonlyunderstoodrulestospecificallyreferto,theycanbesureofdefiningtheirrespectiveresponsibilitiessimplyandsafely.
Lesson8BusinessContract
商务术语:
Inquiry(询盘,询价),quotation(报价单),validityperiod(有效期),offer(发盘),counter-offer(还盘),offeree(收盘人),salesconfirmation(销售确认书),Consignment(寄售),foremajeure(不可抗力),businessline(业务范围),contractproper(合同正文),articlenumber(货号).紫书150-151页
考点:
1.合同的定义(definition)
Acontractisanagreementwhichsetsforthbindingobligationsoftherelevantparties
2.谈判过程及签定合同(theprocessofnegotiationandtheconclusionofthecontract)
inquiry--→quotation--->offerandacceptance-→counter-offer
3.合同的种类(Thetypesofcontracts)
a.salescontract
b.purchasecontract
c.salesconfirmation
4.合同的构成(thesettingupofacontract)
a.thetitle(合同名称)
b.thecontractproper(合同正文)
c.Thesignatureofthecontractingparties(缔约双方签字)
d.Thestipulationsonthebackofthecontract(合同背面的规定)
翻译练习:
a.在实盘情况下,我们通常保留有效期三天
Incaseoffirmoffers,weusuallykeepouroffersopenforthreedays
Lesson9ModesofTrade
商务术语:
Countertrade(对销贸易),hyperinflation(极度通货膨胀),Reichstock(德国国家银行),protectionism(贸易保护主义),Clearingsystem(票据交换制度),netpositions(净头寸),compensationtrade(补偿贸易),barter(易货贸易),counterpurchase(互购贸易)
Buyback(回购贸易),centrallyplannedeconomies(中央计划经济国家),processingtrade(加工贸易),consignment(寄售贸易),leasingtrade(租赁贸易),aution(竞卖/拍卖),agency(代理)174-175页
考点:
1.对销贸易的主要优点(majoradvantagesofcountertrade)
a.helpingtodealwithforeignexchangeshortages
b.promotingexports
c,reducinguncertaintyregardingexportreceipts
d.bypassinginternationalpriceagreement
e.helpingcountrieswithdebtproblemstoimportgoods
3.对销贸易的缺点(thedrawbacksofcountertrade)
a.veryriskybusiness(concealtherealpricesandcostsoftransactions)
b.Companiesmaysufferlossesbecausetheycouldnotgetridofproductsofpoorquality
c.aformofproctectionism
翻译练习
a.“互相捆绑”是易货贸易,回购贸易和互惠贸易的共同特征
“Bundling”isthefeaturecommontobarter,counterpurchaseandbuyback.
b.作为一种捆绑贸易,对销贸易一般是在成熟市场经济国家和市场机制不完善的国家间发生的贸易
Asatypeofbundledtrade,countertradegenerallytakesplacebetweenmaturemarketeconomiesandeconomieswithimperfectmarketinstitution..
Lesson10InternationalPayment
商务词汇:
debtor(债务人),debit(收方/借方),financialstanding(财务状况),creditworthiness(信誉),periodicpayment(分期付款),cashinadvance(预付现金),usancedraft(远期汇票),documentarydraft(跟单汇票),cleandraft(光票),documentarycollection(跟单托收),D/P(付款交单),D/A(承兑交单).194-195页
考点:
1.国际贸易支付的复杂性(thecomplexityofpaymentininternationaltrade):
Mutualtrustishardtobuild.Boththeexporterandtheimporterfacevariouspoliticalrisks,commercialrisksetc.
2.在一定条件下的两种支付方法:
a.cashinadvanceorpartialcashinadvance(预付现金和部分预付现金)
b.openaccount(记账交易)
3.汇票(thedraft/billofexchange)
a.definition:
anunconditionalordertoabankoracustomertopayasumofmoneytosomeoneondemandoratafixedtimeinthefuture
b.signdraftandusancedraft(即期汇票和远期汇票)
c.cleandraft(光票:
汇票不附单据)anddocumentarydraft(跟单汇票:
随同汇票一起的有相关的单据,如提单,发票,保险单)
4.跟单拖收(documentarycollection)
a.D/P:
付款交单:
documentswillnotbereleasedtotheimporteruntilpaymentiseffected
b.D/A:
承兑交单:
documentshandedovertotheimporteruponhisacceptanceofthebillofexchangedrawnbytheexporter
翻译练习:
a.许多国际交易是通过汇票支付的,汇票是对银行或顾客的支付命令
Alotofinternationaltransactionsarepaidforbymeansofthedraftthatisanorderto