外文文献翻译本地化跨境电子商务模型.docx

外文文献翻译本地化跨境电子商务模型.docx

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外文文献翻译本地化跨境电子商务模型

外文文献翻译

（含：

英文原文及中文译文）

文献出处：

AsoshehHA,Shahidi-Nejad,KhodkariH.IntroducingaLocalizedCross-BorderE-CommerceModel,case:

IranB2BE-Commerce[J].InternationalJournalofInformationScience&Management,2012.

英文原文

IntroducingaLocalizedCross-BorderE-CommerceModel,case:

IranB2BE-Commerce

AbbasAsosheh,HadiNejad,HouriehKhodkari

ABSTRACT

BytheexplosivegrowthofB2Be-commercetransactionsininternationalsupplychainsandtherapidincreaseofbusinessdocumentsinIran’scross-bordertrading,effectivemanagementoftradeprocessesoverbordersisvitalinB2Be-commercesystems.StructureofthelocalizedmodelinthispaperisbasedonthreemajorlayersofaB2Be-commerceinfrastructure,whicharemessaginglayer,businessprocesslayerandcontentlayer.ForeachoftheselayersproperstandardsandsolutionsarechosenduetoIran’se-commercerequirements.AsitisneededtomovesmoothlytowardselectronicdocumentsinIran,UNedocsstandardissuggestedtosupportthecontentsofbothpaperandelectronicdocuments.Theverificationofthesuggestedmodelisdonebypresentingafourphasescenariothroughcasestudymethod.Thelocalizedmodelinthispapertriestomakeastrategicviewofbusinessdocumentsexchangeintradeprocesses,andgettingclosertothekeytargetofregionalsinglewindowsestablishmentinglobaltradee-supplychains.

Keywords:

E-Commerce;Cross-BorderTrade;ElectronicDocumentManagement;InternationalSupplyChain

1Introduction

Electroniccommerceisaboutbuyingandsellingproductsorservicesoverelectronicsystemslikeinternetandothernetworks.ThetermB2B（Business-to-Business）describescommercetransactionsbetweenbusinesses,suchasbetweenamanufacturerandawholesaler,orbetweenawholesalerandaretailer.Inthispapertheresearchfocusisonthecommunicationbetweentradersintwodifferentcountries.Todayoneofthemaintargetsoftheworldtradeorganizationistoestablishregionalsinglewindowswhichcanincreasethetradefacilitationindifferentpartsofworld.Establishingaregionalsinglewindowneedscrossbordergatewaysthatcanexchangetradedocumentsefficiently.Sofirst,thekeynecessityofmanagingthesimplifieddocumentsoverbordersistomovetowardnationalsinglewindows.Afterthat,theregionalsinglewindowscanauthorizethecommunicationbetweencountries.

E-commercemodelsarestudiedbasedonthethreemajorlogicallayers.Thesethreelayersaremessaginglayer,businessprocesslayerandcontentlayer[1,2].Generallythelocalizedmodelinthispaperisawaytoautomatetheprocessofexchangingtradingdocuments.ThiscanbeastepthroughestablishingtheNationalsinglewindowofIranandthenwiththemoreinteroperabilitybetweentheEastAsianandMiddleEasterncountriesaregionalsinglewindowcanbeimprovedinthefuture.

InthispaperthesecondsectionisdiscussedbasicconceptsandstandardsrequiredtointroducethecrossborderB2Bmodelininternationalsupplychains.Thethirdsectionisassignedtointroducethescopeofthemodelanditscomponentsfunctionalityinabigpictureschema.TheforthsectiondiscussesthemodellocalizationoverB2Btransactionlayers,andfinallythepaperinconcluded.

2.Background

Inthissection,besides,havingalookatB2Be-commerceinIran,thebackgroundconceptssuchasstandardsandreferencemodelswhicharebeingusedinlocalizationoftheB2Be-commercecrossbordermodelarediscussed.

.B2BE-CommerceinIran

TodaytheperformanceofthetradeprocessesinIranisakeytradesuccesspoint.Iranhaslongborderswithmanyofthecountriesintheregionanditsimportandexportprocessescanbedoneoverroad,rail,seaandairways.SothecentralandstrategicroleofthiscountrymakesitakeytradepointofgoodstransitintheAsiaandMiddleEastregion.

ThesearethemainelectronicsystemswhichareusingtodaytofacilitatetradeprocessesinIran.Thesystemsarementionedhereasindependenttradefacilitatorswhichcanhaveinteractionwiththesuggestedmodelinthispaperinthefuture.JoiningIrantotheworldtradeorganizationregardingthestandardizationofdataelementsandtradeprocessescanbeagoodmovementthroughimprovingregionalsinglewindowsinAsia.Fromthedesigningpointofview,oneofthemainadvantagesofdocumentdataharmonizationinIranisthereductionofdataelementsoftheforms.Sotheycanbereusedindifferentdocumentsasmuchaspossible.Thismakesthecountryreadyforusinganystandardformsofdata.Sothelocalizedcross-bordermodelinB2Be-commercecanmakethetradeprocessesmakefasterandsaferwhichisoneofthenecessitiesofIran’stradingtoday.

.SingleWindow

TheSingleWindowisasystem,whichenablessinglesubmissionentryandSingleandsynchronousprocessingofdataandinformation.Thesecanhelpthesystemtomakeakeyservicewhichissoeffectiveinshippinggoodsovertheborderswhichis:

ASingleDecision-makingpointforcustomsreleaseandclearanceofcargo.ItisneededtogothroughestablishingaNationalsinglewindowinIrantogetclosertojoiningaregionalsinglewindow.

.Buy-Ship-PayReferenceModel

Inordertounderstandthecomplexityofinternationaltrade,thissimplemodelcanmakeaclearviewofthekeyelementsofatradetransaction,andconsequentlytoproperlycompilethenecessarytradefacilitationmeasures.UN/CEFACThassetoutthistomodeltheinternationalsupplychainusinganinternationallyacceptedmodelingtechniquetoprovidereferencemodel,whichgivesaviewoftheinternationalsupplychaininitsentirety.AsimpleviewoftheinternationalsupplychainbasedonBSPmodelincludesthreemaincategoriesofprocesseswhicharebuy,shipandpay,plusfourtypesofrolessuchascustomer,authority,intermediaryandsupplier.

3.ModelIntroduction

Inthissectionthecustomizedmodelincross-borderecommerceisbeingintroduced.ThesubsectionsincludeModelscope,mainmodelcomponentsandtheirbehavioroverB2BtransactionsindifferentB2Btransactionlayers.

InthissubsectionthescopeoftheB2Bcrossbordermodelregardingitsrolesandusecasesisdiscussed.Differentlevelsofdataintegrationexistwhichcanbedonetosimplifythedatasets.Inthismodelthefocusisontheinternationallayer.Harmonizingdataelementsintheexchangeprocess,leadstoeffectivecross-bordertrade.Generally,thescopeofthemodelinthispaperisaboutinternationallayer,sothemainaimistoharmonizetradingtransactioninprocessesandcontent[7].Basedontheconceptofdataharmonizationwhichissuggestedinbothsidesofsupplychain;properstandardsandsolutionsinanalyzingthemodelcanbechosen.Thesestandardshavetosupportthecrossbordertransactions.

Thebuy-ship-payreferencemodeldiscussedasawaytosimplifytheprocessesandeliminateunnecessarydetailsofatradescenario.UNedocsprojectissuggestedtoclusterandmanagedifferentdocuments.Thesestandardsareintroducedassolutionstogothroughthesinglewindowpolicy.Firstlet’shaveahighlevelviewofthecomponentsofthesystemwhileacross-bordercommunicationishappening.Ineverysidecustomsareplacedwhichareleadingtothenationalsinglewindowofthecountry.ThedocumentsintheNationalformatareenteringtothetranslatormodulewhichischangingtheformatofthedocumentstothestandardUNedocsformat[8].Thenitcangothroughamiddlewaretobedeclaredmoreandfinallythecross-bordersinglewindowsisthelastgateway.Everycountrycanusethismodelformitsownsidetotheexchangegateway.

TherelationshipbetweenCAsinthismodelisdesignedaccordingtothebasictypesofPKIinteroperabilitymodels.BasedontheIran’se-supplychainsecurityrequirements,itisneededtosupportthecertificateauthoritybyusingthebenefitsofavarietyofdifferentrelationshiptopologies.ThearchitecturewhichissuggestedherebenefitstheadvantagesofCAhierarchymodel,certificatetrustlistandbridgeCAinteroperabilitymodels.

4.ModelLocalizationoverB2BLayers

InthissectionthecomponentsofthemodelarebeingdiscussedoverthreedifferentlayersofcommunicationbetweenB2Be-commercesystems.Eachsubsectionshowstherelationshipbetweenexporter,importer,customs,regionalsinglewindowandtheNationalsingle

.BusinessProcessLayer

Inthebusinessprocesslayers,thereferencemodelandtheUNedocsprojectareusedtomanagetheelectronicdocs,butasakeystepofprojectmanagementfirsttheexactscopeofthetransactionswhichareincludedinthesuggestedmodelmustbedescribed.AccordingtowhatwasmentionedaboutUNedocs,itissaidthatthisprojectismainlyabouttheelectronicdocumentsbutnotaboutidentifyingthetradingpartnerortheusecaseswhichareaboutbeforecontract.

.MessagingLayer

Themessaginglayerisresponsibletoestablishthecommunicationsessionbetweencomponents,andsendthecontentsofthemessagetonextlayersofthecomponentshierarchy[10].Theexporterandimporterareconsideredasthefirstandlastpointsofacommunicationlineandsinglewindowsystemsinnationalandregionallevelsareresponsibletoprocessinformationandmovethemforward.Thecertificateauthoritycomponentofthesystemisusingtoassuretheacknowledgementofeachmessage.Thecustomscomponentistheauthorizationsystemofgoodsdeclarations.Thelayeredarchitectureofthesystemisoneofthemainfactorsthatincreasethecrossbordermodel’sflexibilityandextendibility.Messagesmostlyincludeapprovaloftheformsineachlevelandupdatingthestatuesofcertificateauthoritymoduleinthestructureofthecross-bordermodel.

.ContentLayer

T