汽车变速器的设计外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译.docx

汽车变速器的设计外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译.docx

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外文原文

AutomobileTransmissionDesign

Abstract

Thetopicofthisprojectisadesignoftransmissionsforamedium-sizetruck.Theadoptionofsuitabledesignsandlayoutenablestheeffectiveutilizationofenginetoimprovethetruck'smotilityandeconomy.ThedesignwasreferredtoparametersofBeijingFotontruckandrelevantbooks.Viaacomprehensivedemonstration,thedatawascollectedfromvariouscomponentsofthetransmissionwhichweremodeledbySolidworks.Thetransmissionisafive-speedtransmission,includingfiveforwardgearsandonereversegear,applyingadvancedmonolithicstructureoftheintermediateshaftandtheshiftlockring-typesynchronizer.Thegearboxpossessesacompactstructure,asmallsize,hightransmissionefficiency,andalargerratiorange,withgoodeconomyanddynamicperformance.

Keywords:

five-speed,intermediateshaft,synchronizer.

1.Introduction

Theroleoftransmission:

Transmissionchangesthespeedoftheengineandexportsdifferentrotationalspeed.Atlowrotationalspeed,hightorquecanbeobtained.Highspeedhasbetterefficiencybutthetorqueislow.So,whenyoustartamachineyouneedtostartatlowspeedandafterrunningthenchangehighrotationalspeedmaintainingahighefficiency.

Specifically,inordertoensuregoodtransmissionperformance,itshouldmeetthefollowingrequirements.

1）Choosethecorrectgearshiftnumberandtransmissiongearratios,andmaketheoptimalmatchingofengineparameterstoensurethatthecarhasgoodpowerandeconomy.

2）Setneutraltoensurethecarengineandthetransmissioncanseparateforalongtime.

3）Setreverse,sothatthecarcantravelbackwards.

4）Setthepoweroutputapparatus.

5）Shiftquickly,labor-saving,easily.

6）Reliable.Duringdriving,thetransmissioncannotout-of-mesh,randommesh.

7）Transmissionshouldhaveahighefficiency.

8）Transmissionshouldbesimple,smooth,nonoise.

2.Demonstrationprogram

2.1Selecttransmissiontype

Therearemanytypesoftransmissions.

Bythenumberofforwardgears,transmissionscanbedividedintothree,four,five-speedandthemulti-speedtransmission,fivespeedtransmissionwaschosen.Accordingtotheshaftofdifferentform,transmissioncanbedividedintofixedshaftandrotatingshaft（oftenwithplanetarygeartransmission）twokindsoftransmissions.Themaincharacteristicoffixedaxistransmissioniseasytorealizeautomaticshiftwidelyused.Twoshafttransmissionforfrontenginefront-wheeldrive.Theshaftofrotationtypeismainlyusedforhydraulicmechanicaltransmission.Fixedshafttypewaschosen.

Accordingtothenumberofdifferentshafts,thetransmissioncanbedividedintotwo-shafttransmission,layshafttransmissionandmultipleshaftstransmission.

2.1.1Two-shafttransmission

Ifthetransmissionratioissmall,weoftenchoosetwoshafttypes.Ithasthefollowingcharacteristics.

1.Thegearboxoutputshaftandthemaindrivinggearspeedreducermakeitanorganicwhole.

2.Whentheengineislongitudinallymounted,themainreducercanusespiralbevelgearorhypoidgear,whentheengineisheldhorizontally,itistappedwithacylindricalgear,therebysimplifyingthemanufacturingprocess.

3.Theothergearsadoptconstantmeshgeartransmission,exceptthereversegeardrive.

4.Mostofthesynchronizerofgearsattheendoftheoutputshaft.

5.Iflowgeartransmissionisrelativelylarge,thesizeofthestructureincreases,itnolongerhastheaboveadvantages,itcanonlydriverelativelysmallconditionsbeforeusingthisprogram.

6.Two-shafttransmissiondoesnothavedirectlygears,therefore,workingathighspeed,gearsandbearingsarebearing,gearnoise,andeasytobedamaged.

2.1.2Layshafttransmission

Fromastructuralview,therearethreeshafts:

thefirstandthesecondshaftareinthesameline,andtheyaredirectlyshifted.Whenusingdirectshifttransmission,gears,bearingsandthesecondshaftarenotloadingbearing.Theenginetorquethroughthefirstandsecondshafthavedirectoutput,andthetransmissionhashightransmissionefficiency-upto90%.Thismeansthatithaslesswearandlongservicelife,thus,noiseisalsosmaller.Becausetheefficiencyofdirectgearishigherthantheotherforwardgears,itincreasesthelifeofthetransmission.Whenthetransmissionpoweristransmittedthroughthefirstshaft（theintermediategearshaftandthesecondshaft）,sothedistancebetweenthemisnottoolong,butthereisstillalargetransmissiongearratio.Highgearusesconstantmeshtransmission,whereaslowspeedgearcannotuseconstantmeshgear.Mosttransmissionschemesexceptfirstspeedgearshiftmechanismareusedinsynchronizationorclutchshift.Fewfirstspeedgearsarealsousedtosynchronizertypeorclutchtypeshift.Intermediateshafttransmissioniswidelyusedinvarioustypesofrear-drive