届高考英语概要写作技巧讲解教学教材.docx

届高考英语概要写作技巧讲解教学教材.docx

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届高考英语概要写作技巧讲解教学教材

2020届高考英语概要写作技巧讲解

高考英语概要写作技巧讲解

1、考点分析

（一）考查内容：

1、考查读懂文章内容的能力

2、考查识别作者写作目的的能力

3、考查归纳总结的能力

4、考查组织文章的能力

（二）评分要点

•1）字数50左右

•2）理解准确，涵盖全部要点

•3）准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇

•4）完全使用自己的语言

•5）有效使用语句间的连接成分，结构紧凑

2、专题详解

定义：

Itisabrief,thoroughandobjectiverestatementofthemainideaandkeypointsofalongercomposition.

读者在正确理解文章的基础上,在不改变原文中心思想、

体裁和结构的前提下，用简明、精练的语句高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点。

（三）写作方法

Step1.确定体裁，明确主题

Step2.明确文章结构（总-分，总-分-总，分-总，并列）

Step3.划主题句与关键信息

Step4.写纲要，打草稿

Step5.润色成文

找准体裁，提炼要点

按体裁

语言：

同义词&词组替换；句式简化；句子重构

1同义转换：

近义词、同义词和词组的替换，尽量用单词替换短语

（例improve=promote,ofgreatimportance=greatlyimportant）

2句式转换：

简化句子结构（例如，定语从句改成分词作后置定语；状语从句改成非谓语作状语；）

3句子重构：

调整词类（名词、动词、形容词转换）、时态、语态（主动变被动）等

1）衔接（替换；省略；增加）：

表逻辑关系的连接词

替换：

并列关系and,moreover,furthermore,inaddition,

转折关系but,instead,however,ontheotherhand

省略：

并列观点有时可省略连接词;记叙文可省略衔接词。

增加：

按逻辑关系，补充连接词firstly…,secondly…,finally…;

and…,moreover…,furthermore…;but,instead,however,

例

（一）

Chrisisnotatraditionalexplorer（探险者）.Yethisjobcansometimesbejustasexcitinganddangerousasbeinganexplorer.

ChrisworksforMSF,anorganizationalsoknownasDoctorsWithoutBorders（无国界医生）.MSFsendstraineddoctorsallovertheworldtohelppeopleafterawaroradisaster.ChrisisadoctorfromFrancewhohastravelledtomanyplatestoorganizeprogramsthathelppeople.

Atthemoment,thereare27,000trainedmedicalstafftakingpartinMSFtasks.TheorganizationreceivedtheNobelPeacePrize.AllkindsofdoctorscanvolunteerforMSF.Theyneedtobepreparedtogoalmostanywhereintheworldandofcoursedoctorswithexperienceintropical（热带）diseasesareespeciallyusefulbecausemostofMSF’sworkisinAfrica.Whendoctorscompletedafewtasks,theymightbesentonanemergencytaskfollowingadisastersuchasanearthquake.

ButwhywouldadoctorleaveacomfortablelifeandagoodsalarytojoinMSF?

AccordingtoChris,theexperienceyougainisagreathelpinyourcareer.Besides,justliketheexplorersofthepast,youneedtokeepanopenmindandlearntomixwellwiththepeopleyoumeet.Mostimportantly,attheendofeachtask,youhavemadearealdifferencetopeople’slives.

体裁：

记叙文

Who,

What–hisjob

What,

where

Why:

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

Summary:

Chris,whosejobisexcitinganddangerous,worksforMFS.ChrisandotherMFS’sdoctorsneedtobereadytogoalmostanywhereintheworldandmightbesentonanemergencytask.Christthinkshisjobismeaningful/helpfulandhegainsalot.（同义词转换）

Peoplewholiveinthecountrysidegenerallylivelongerthanthosewholiveinthecity.Anumberofreasonsmayhelpexplainthispoint.

Tostartwith,farmersareinclosecontactwithnature.Theybreathefreshair.Theymakefriendswithtreesandstones,cowsanddogs.Theylistentothesongsofbirds.Theyfightwithstrongwinds.Thiscontactwithnatureisgoodforthehealthofbothbodyandspirit.

Next,hardphysicalworkkeepsfarmersfitandhealthy.Itiswidelybelievedthatfarmerssufferfromfarlessdiseasesthanpeopleinthecity.Therearemanydiseasesthatarecommoninthecity,butnotinthecountryside.Forexample,near-sightednessisalmostunknowntofarmers.Besides,beingfreefromurbanpressuredoesgoodtothehealthoffarmers.

Moreover,becausetherearelesscars,motorcarsandotherkindsofvehiclesinthecountryside,onecanwalkmorefreelywithoutbeingafraidofaccidents.Theenvironmentisbetterinthecountryside,whichmakesthefarmersliveaquietandpeacefullife.

Thefarmerscanalsogetfreshgrain,vegetables,fruitsandmilkeasily.Theyenjoytheseadvantagesthatpeoplelivinginthecitycannot.

体裁：

议论文

结构：

总分

作者观点：

论点①

论点②

论点③

论点④

论点⑤

总结句，呼应观点

Summary：

Peoplefromcountrysidegenerallylivelongerthancitypeoplebecausetheyenjoymanyadvantagessuchasclosewithnature,physicalwork,beingfreefromurbanpressure,morefreewalk,quietandpeacefulenvironment,freshfood,etc.（句式改变）

Farmersusedifferentkindsofsoilconservationmethodstoprotecttheirlandfromdamagebyfarmingandtheforcesofnature.Oneimportantformofsoilconservationistheuseofwindbreaks（防风林）.

Windbreaksarebarriersformedbytreesandotherplantswithmanyleaves.Farmersplanttheminlinesaroundtheirfields.Windbreaksstopthewindfromblowingsoilaway.Theyalsokeepthewindfromdestroyingordamagingcrops.Theyareveryimportantforgrowinggrains,suchaswheat.

TherehavebeenstudiesdoneonwindbreaksinpartsofWestAfrica.Itisfoundthatgrainharvestscanbe20%higherinfieldsprotectedbywindbreakscomparedtofieldswithoutsuchprotection.

However,windbreaksseemtoworkbestwhentheyallowalittlewindtopassthrough.Ifthewalloftreesandplantsstopswindcompletely,thenviolentairmovementswilltakeplaceclosetotheground.Thesemovementswillliftsoilintotheairwhereitwillbeblownaway.Forthisreason,awindbreakisbestifithasonly60%to80%ofthetreesandplantsneededtoformasolidline.

Aneasyroletorememberisthatwindbreakscanprotectareasuptotentimestheheightofthetallesttreesinthewindbreaks.Thereshouldbeatleasttwolinesineachwindbreak.Onelineshouldbelargetrees.Thesecondline,rightnexttoit,canbeshortertreesandotherplantswithleaves.Locallygrowntreesandplantsarebestforwindbreaks.

体裁：

说明文

说明对象：

Windbreak

1目的、用途

2构成

3功能，作用

（2个）

4注意事项

Keys:

Windbreak,whichisformedbytreesandotherplants,isusedbyfarmerstoprotecttheirlandfromdamagebyfarmingandtheforcesofthenature.Windbreakcanprotectthecropsandhelpimprovegrainproduction.However,windbreakshouldbeplantedproperlytoworkitsbest.

练习

实战练习

（一）

OnehotnightlastAugust,ItriedeverythingIcouldthinkof—awarmbottle,songs,etc.tomakehimfallintosleep,buthejustcouldn’tdoit.SinceIbelievedthatalongnightwaswaitingformeahead,IhadnochoicebuttobringaTVintohisroomtokilloffthehoursuntildawn.IwassurprisedthatthemomentIturnedontheTV,thebabybecamequietrightawayandfixedhislittleeyesbrightlyonthescreen.Notwillingtowasteanopportunityforsleep,Ithentiptoed（用脚失走）outoftheroom,leavinghimtowatchtheboringTVprograms.

Iheardnomoreofthebaby’scryingthatnightandthenextmorningwhenIwentintohisroom,IfoundhimstillwatchingTVbyhimself.Ifoundtherewasametaphor（暗喻）inmybaby’sbehaviorforthenewgeneration.WhenIgavemyboysomebookstogoover,heonlyspituponthem;whenIreadtohim,hedidnotfeelcomfortable.Soisitintheschoolswithmystudents.Ifindthatourstudentsdon’treadandtheylookdownuponreadingandmakelightofthoseofuswhoteachit.AlltheywanttodoistowatchTV.Afterthisexperiencewiththebaby,however,Ihavedrawnaconclusion:

“Letthemwatchit!

”Iftelevisionismuchmoreattractivetochildrenthanbooks,whyshouldwefightagainstit?

Letthemwatchwhattheywant!

Summary：

Thewritertriedeverythingtomakeherbabyfallasleepbutfailed.Surprisingly,whensheturnedontheTV,thebabykeptquiethimself.ThenshefoundthatherstudentslikedwatchingTVasmuchasherbaby.Sothewritersuggestedthatweshouldletchildrenwatchwhattheywant.

实战练习

（二）

Moreandmorepeoplelikebicyclinganditisnosurprise.Itisfun,healthyandgoodfortheenvironment.Maybethat’swhythereare1.4billionbicyclesandonly400millioncarsonroadsworldwidetoday.

Bikescantakeyoualmostanywhere,andthereisnooilcost!

Getonabicycleandridearoundyourneighbourhood.Youmaydiscoversomethingnewallaroundyou.Stoppingandgettingoffabikeiseasierthanstoppingandgettingoutofyourcar.Youcanbiketoworkandbenefitfromtheenjoyableexercisewithoutpollutingtheenvironment.Youdon’tevenhavetoridealltheway.

Foldingbikesworkwellforpeoplewhotakethetrain.Justfoldthebikeandtakeitwithyou.Youcandothesameonanairplane.Afoldingbikecanbepackedinasuitcase.Youcanalsotakeacommonbikewithyouwhenyoufly.Butbesuretolookforinformationbygettingonairlinewebsites.Notallairlinesarebicycle-friendlytotravelers.

HealthBenefitsofBicycling:

Ithelpstopreventheartdiseases.Bicyclinghelpstocontrolyourweight.A15-minutebikeridetoandfromworkthreetimesaweekbumsofffivekilosoffatinayear.Bicyclingcanimproveyourmood.Exerciselikebicyclinghasbeenshowntomakepeoplefeelbetter,morerelaxedandself-confident.Bicyclingishealthierthandriving.

Summary:

Manypeoplelikebicyclingbecauseit’sfun,heathyandgoodforenvironmentandit’seasytostopandgetoff.Sometimesfoldingbikescanbetakenwithyouonanairplaneoratrain.Mostimportantly,bicyclinghasalotofhealthbenefits.

强化练习

练习

（一）

Understandingbodylanguageisimportanttosuccess,whetherinthebusinessworldorinourpersonallives.However,someofourideasaboutbodylanguagearewrong,accordingtomoderncommunicationresearch.

Thereisabeliefthatpeoplewithshifty（变化的）eyesareprobablylying.AsPaulEkmansays,“Whenweaskedpeoplehowtheycouldtellifsomeonewaslying,toomuchblinking（眨眼）andshiftyeyesweretheanswers.”Ekmangoesontoargueag