1998年考研英语答案.docx

1998年考研英语答案.docx

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1998年考研英语答案

1998年考研英语答案

【篇一：

1998年考研英语试题及答案】

class=txt>sectioniiclozetest

directions:

foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked[a],[b],[c],and[d].choosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronanswersheet1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.（10points）

untilrecentlymosthistoriansspokeverycriticallyoftheindustrialrevolution.they41thatinthelongrunindustrializationgreatlyraisedthestandardoflivingforthe42man.buttheyinsistedthatits43resultsduringtheperiodfrom1750to1850werewidespreadpovertyandmiseryforthe44oftheenglishpopulation.45contrast,theysawintheprecedinghundredyearsfrom1650to1750,whenenglandwasstilla46agriculturalcountry,aperiodofgreatabundanceandprosperity.

thisview,47,isgenerallythoughttobewrong.specialists48historyandeconomics,have49twothings:

thattheperiodfrom1650to1750was50bygreatpoverty,andthatindustrializationcertainlydidnotworsenandmayhaveactuallyimprovedtheconditionsforthemajorityofthepopulace.

41.[a]admitted[b]believed[c]claimed[d]predicted

42.[a]plain[b]average[c]mean[d]normal

43.[a]momentary[b]prompt[c]instant[d]immediate

44.[a]bulk[b]host[c]gross[d]magnitude

45.[a]on[b]with[c]for[d]by

46.[a]broadly[b]thoroughly[c]generally[d]completely

47.[a]however[b]meanwhile[c]therefore[d]moreover

48.[a]at[b]in[c]about[d]for

49.[a]manifested[b]approved[c]shown[d]speculated

50.[a]noted[b]impressed[c]labeled[d]marked

sectioniiireadingcomprehension

directions:

eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked

[a],[b],[c]and[d].readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.thenmarkyouranswerontheanswersheet1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.（40points）

text1

fewcreationsofbigtechnologycapturetheimaginationlikegiantdams.perhapsitishumankind?

slongsufferingatthemercyoffloodanddroughtthatmakestheideaofforcingthewaterstodoourbiddingsofascinating.buttobefascinatedisalso,sometimes,tobeblind.severalgiantdamprojectsthreatentodomoreharmthangood.

thelessonfromdamsisthatbigisnotalwaysbeautiful.itdoesn?

thelpthatbuildingabig,powerfuldamhasbecomeasymbolofachievementfornationsandpeoplestrivingtoassertthemselves.egypt?

sleadershipinthearabworldwascementedbytheaswanhighdam.turkey?

sbidforfirstworldstatusincludesthegiantataturkdam.

butbigdamstendnottoworkasintended.theaswandam,forexample,stoppedthenilefloodingbutdeprivedegyptofthefertilesiltthatfloodsleft--allinreturnforagiantreservoirofdiseasewhichisnowsofullofsiltthatitbarelygenerateselectricity.

andyet,themythofcontrollingthewaterspersists.thisweek,intheheartofcivilizedeurope,slovaksandhungariansstoppedjustshortofsendinginthetroopsintheircontentionoveradamonthedanube.thehugecomplexwillprobablyhavealltheusualproblemsofbigdams.butslovakiaisbiddingforindependencefromtheczechs,andnowneedsadamtoproveitself.

meanwhile,inindia,theworldbankhasgiventhego-aheadtotheevenmorewrong-headednarmadadam.andthebankhasdonethiseventhoughitsadvisorssaythedamwillcausehardshipforthepowerlessandenvironmentaldestruction.thebenefitsareforthepowerful,buttheyarefarfromguaranteed.

proper,scientificstudyoftheimpactsofdamsandofthecostandbenefitsofcontrollingwatercanhelptoresolvetheseconflicts.hydroelectricpowerandfloodcontrolandirrigationarepossiblewithoutbuildingmonsterdams.butwhenyouaredealingwithmyths,itishardtobeeitherproper,orscientific.itistimethattheworldlearnedthelessonsofaswan.youdon?

tneedadamtobesaved.

51.thethirdsentenceofparagraph1impliesthat________.

[a]peoplewouldbehappyiftheyshuttheireyestoreality

[b]theblindcouldbehappierthanthesighted

[c]over-excitedpeopletendtoneglectvitalthings

[d]fascinationmakespeoplelosetheireyesight

52.inparagraph5,“thepowerless”probablyrefersto________.

[a]areasshortofelectricity

[b]damswithoutpowerstations

[c]poorcountriesaroundindia

[d]commonpeopleinthenarmadadamarea

53.whatisthemythconcerninggiantdams?

[a]theybringinmorefertilesoil.

[b]theyhelpdefendthecountry.

[c]theystrengtheninternationalties.

[d]theyhaveuniversalcontrolofthewaters.

54.whattheauthortriestosuggestmaybestbeinterpretedas________.

[a]“it?

snousecryingoverspiltmilk”

[b]“morehaste,lessspeed”

[c]“lookbeforeyouleap”

[d]“hewholaughslastlaughsbest”

text2

well,nogainwithoutpain,theysay.butwhataboutpainwithoutgain?

everywhereyougoinamerica,youheartalesofcorporaterevival.whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproductivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheyarepresidingoverisforreal.

theofficialstatisticsaremildlydiscouraging.theyshowthat,ifyoulumpmanufacturingandservicestogether,productivityhasgrownonaverageby1.2%since1987.thatissomewhatfasterthantheaverageduringthepreviousdecade.andsince1991,productivityhasincreasedbyabout2%ayear,whichismorethantwicethe1978-87average.thetroubleisthatpartoftherecentaccelerationisduetotheusualreboundthatoccursatthispointinabusinesscycle,andsoisnotconclusiveevidenceofarevivalintheunderlyingtrend.thereis,asrobertrubin,thetreasurysecretary,says,a“disjunction”betweenthemassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproductivityandthepicturereflectedbythestatistics.

someofthiscanbeeasilyexplained.newwaysoforganizingtheworkplace--allthatre-engineeringanddownsizing--areonlyonecontributiontotheoverallproductivityofaneconomy,whichisdrivenbymanyotherfactorssuchasjointinvestmentinequipmentandmachinery,newtechnology,andinvestmentineducationandtraining.moreover,mostofthechangesthatcompaniesmakeareintendedtokeepthem

profitable,andthisneednotalwaysmeanincreasingproductivity:

switchingtonewmarketsorimprovingqualitycanmatterjustasmuch.

twootherexplanationsaremorespeculative.first,someofthebusinessrestructuringofrecentyearsmayhavebeenineptlydone.second,evenifitwaswelldone,itmayhavespreadmuchlesswidelythanpeoplesuppose.

leonardschlesinger,aharvardacademicandformerchiefexecutiveofaubongpain,arapidlygrowingchainofbakerycafes,saysthatmuch“re-engineering”hasbeencrude.inmanycases,hebelieves,thelossofrevenuehasbeengreaterthanthereductionsincost.hiscolleague,michaelbeer,saysthatfartoomanycompanieshaveappliedre-engineeringinamechanisticfashion,choppingoutcostswithoutgivingsufficientthoughttolong-termprofitability.bbdo?

salrosenshineisblunter.hedismissesalotoftheworkofre-engineeringconsultantsasmererubbish--“theworstsortofambulancechasing.”

55.accordingtotheauthor,theamericaneconomicsituationis________.

[a]notasgoodasitseems

[b]atitsturningpoint

[c]muchbetterthanitseems

[d]neartocompleterecovery

56.theofficialstatisticsonproductivitygrowth________.

[a]excludetheusualreboundinabusinesscycle

[b]fallshortofbusinessmen?

santicipation

[c]meettheexpectationofbusinesspeople

[d]failtoreflectthetruestateofeconomy

57.theauthorraisesthequestion“whataboutpainwithoutgain?

”because________.

[a]hequestionsthetruthof“nogainwithoutpain”

[b]hedoesnotthinktheproductivityrevolutionworks

[c]hewondersiftheofficialstatisticsaremisleading

[d]hehasconclusiveevidencefortherevivalofbusinesses

58.whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotmentionedinthepassage?

[a]radicalreformsareessentialfortheincreaseofproductivity.

[b]newwaysoforganizingworkplacesmayhelptoincreaseproductivity.

[c]thereductionofcostsisnotasurewaytogainlong-termprofitability.

[d]theconsultantsareabunchofgood-for-nothings.

text3

sciencehaslonghadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.thinkofgallileo’s17th-centurytrialforhisrebellingbeliefbeforethecatholicchurchorpoetwilliamblake?

sharshremarksanything,deepenedinthiscentury.

untilrecently,thescientificcommunitywassopowerfulthatitcouldaffordtoignoreitscritics--butnolonger.asfundingforsciencehasdeclined,scientistshaveattacked“anti-science”inseveralbooks,notablyhighersuperstition,bypaulr.gross,abiologistattheuniversityofvirginia,andnormanlevitt,amathematicianatrutgersuniversity;andthedemon-hauntedworld,bycarlsaganofcornelluniversity.

defendersofsciencehavealsovoicedtheirconcernsatmeetingssuchas“theflightfromscienceandreason,”heldinnewyorkcityin1995,and“scienceintheageof（mis）information,”whichassembledlastjunenearbuffalo.

anti-scienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.grossandlevittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologists,philosophersandotheracademicswhohavequestionedscience?

sobjectivity.saganismoreconcernedwiththosewhobelieveinghosts,creationismandotherphenomenathatcontradictthescientificworldview.

asurveyofnewsstoriesin1996revealsthattheanti-sciencetaghasbeenattachedtomanyother

groupsaswell,fromauthoritieswhoadvocatedtheeliminationofthelastremainingstocksofsmallpoxvirus