人教版初三英语总复习资料动词的非谓语形式.docx
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人教版初三英语总复习资料动词的非谓语形式
教学内容:
动词的非谓语形式
【重点难点提示】
一、重点是:
1.动词不定式
(1)动词不定式的构成为:
“to+动词原形”(有时可不带to)。
动词不定式没有人称和数和的变化。
(2)动词不定式既有名词的特性,又有动词的特性,它可以有自己的宾语和状语。
它在句中可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语。
2.动词ing形式的用法。
3.动词过去分词的用法。
二、难点是:
(1)在有些动词后动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带to。
(2)有些动词后只能接动词不定式作宾语。
(3)有些动词后只能接动词ing形式(即动名词)作宾语。
(4)有些动词后既可接动词不定式作宾语,也可接动词ing形式作宾语,但意思不同。
三、考点是:
(1)动词不定式的用法。
(2)动词ing形式的常见用法。
(3)不带to的动词不定式的情况。
(4)动词过去分词的常见用法。
有关动词的非谓语形式是历年来各地中考的必考内容之一,一般有8分左右。
【经典范例引路】
例1MyuncleenjoysTVaftersupper.
A.watchingB.watchesC.watchedD.towatch
(2001年北京市海淀区中考题)
简析:
此题是考查动词的非谓语形式——动词ing形式的用法。
此题中的谓语动词是enjoy,而该动词后面所接的宾语如果是表示动作的词,就应用动词ing形式(即动名词)。
故答案为A。
例2Thegreedyinn-keeperoncemadethepoorherontwiceaday.
A.danceB.dancesC.dancedD.todance
(2001年上海市中考题)
简析:
此题是考查动词不定式的用法。
此题中的谓语动词是make,而动词make后面接的宾语补足语如果是动词,就要用动词不定式,且这个动词不定式不能带to。
故答案为A。
例3—Willyoucometothenetbars(网吧)withme?
—Sorry.Mymotheralwaystellsmethere.
A.notgoB.nottogoC.goD.togo
(2001年黄冈市中考题)
简析:
此题是考查动词不定式的否定式。
此题中的谓语动词为tell,而tell后面所接的宾语补足语如果是动词,则要用带to的动词不定式,根据题干的语境表明母亲告诉我不要到网吧去,因此要用动词不定式的否定式,故答案为B。
【同步达纲练习】
Ⅰ.用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。
1.Billlivesinaplace(call)GumTree.
2.Lethim(have)agoodrest.
3.LiPingmadethebaby(laugh)atlast.
4.MissGaowants(take)thesebookstotheclassroomnow.
5.Sheisill.Soshehadbetter(stay)inbedforafewdays.
6.You’dbetter(not,look)outofthewindowinclass.
7.Itwasverynice(play)withyou.
8.Theywakeuptheirparents,(call):
“MerryChristmas!
”
9.Alotofgoodlandhasgonewiththem,(leave)onlysand.
10.Therewasafire(burn)inthefireplace.
11.Thepolicemantoldtheboys(not,play)footballneartheroad.
12.Whynot(go)totheparkwithustomorrow?
13.We’refreenow.Howabout(fly)kites?
14.WeoftenhearourEnglishteacher(sing)Englishsongs.
15.Oneday,hisfathersawhim(sit)onsomeeggs.
16.MrWuhavewatchedus(play)basketballforhalfanhour.
17.ThismorningIkepton(think)abouttheChristmaspartythisevening.
18.AlotofEnglishpeoplearegoodat(boat).
19.We’reverythirsty.Let’sstop(drink)somewater.
20.Whenthetwoboyssawtheteacher,theystopped(fight)atonce.
21.Kateisalittleill.Shedoesn’tfeellike(eat)anythingthesedays.
22.Intheolddays,theworkersweremade(work)morethan16hoursaday.
23.Haveyoufinished(do)yourhomeworkyet?
24.Theheavysnowstoppedmanypeoplefrom(go)towork.
25.Maryfoundawatch(lie)ontheroadonherwaytoschool.
26.Doyoulike(fish)?
Yes.ButIdon’tlike(fish)now.
27.Thankyoufor(lend)ittome.
28.Jimandhisparentsenjoy(live)inChinaverymuch.
29.—Doyoumindmy(smoke)here?
—Yes,butIdo.
30.—Wouldyoulike(come)tomybirthdaypartythisevening?
—Certainly.I’llbegladto.
31.Don’tspendtoomuchtime(watch)TV.
32.Thefarmersarebusy(get)readyforthenextyear.
33.We’regoingtodosome(shop)thisSunday.
34.—Shallwego(skate)tomorrow?
—That’sagoodidea.
35.InEngland,thefirstnameisthe(give)name.
36.Doyouknowanotherwayof(say)theword?
37.(take)awalkaftersupperisgoodforourhealth.
38.Hequicklygotupandwenton(run).
39.Sorry,Ihavealotofwork(do)today.
40.It’sverykindofyou(help)us.
41.It’smuchbetter(give)than(receive).
42.Idon’tknowwhat(do)next.
43.She’llreadabooktonightinsteadof(see)afilm.
44.Englandisa(develop)countryandIndiaisa(develop)one.
45.Thatpotwasusedfor(keep)teahotafteritwasmade.
46.Iremember(tell)youthestorybefore.
47.Takethesecond(turn)ontheright.
48.Theboycan’tget(dress)himself.
49.Don’tforget(lock)thedoorwhenyouleave.
50.She’lltryherbest(catch)upwiththeclass.
【综合能力训练】
Ⅱ.单项选择(选自各地中考题)。
()1.Theykeptthefiretokeepthemwarm.
A.burnB.toburnC.burntD.burning
()2.Who’stheboyunderthetree?
A.standB.tostandC.standingD.stood
()3.Idon’tliketositherenothing.
A.doingB.todoC.doD.does
()4.ThegirlstudentsenjoyEnglishsongs.
A.singB.tosingC.singingD.sung
()5.Thankyouforussowell.
A.toteachB.teachesC.taughtD.teaching
()6.IoftendosomeonSundays.
A.washedB.towashC.washingD.washes
()7.Wefindtheirclassroomeveryday.
A.cleanedB.cleansC.tocleanD.cleaning
()8.TheboyJackinClassOneismybrother.
A.callB.tobecalledC.callingD.called
()9.Itoftentakesmehalfanhourhome.
A.walkingB.towalkC.walkedD.walks
()10.Don’tforgethercleanwatereveryday.
A.togiveB.givingC.givenD.give
()11.IthinkitimportantEnglishwell.
A.learningB.learnC.tolearnD.learned
()12.Thefunnystorymadeusallhard.
A.laughB.tolaughC.laughingD.laughed
()13.ShewasoftenheardinherowngardenonSundaymornings.
A.singB.tosingC.singingD.sung
()14.Ourteacherstoldushardatourlessons.
A.toworkB.workC.workingD.worked
()15.Couldyoutellmethisnewspaper?
A.toreadhowB.howtoreadC.whattoreadD.whatread
()16.Idon’tknownext.
A.whattodoB.whattodoitC.howtodoD.tohowdoit
()17.Myhairistoolong,soImusthaveitthisafternoon.
A.cutB.cutsC.cuttingD.cutted
()18.HewenthomesomebooksonEnglish.
A.gotB.togetC.gettingD.get
()19.Rememberlateforclassagain.
A.nottoB.benottoC.nottobeD.nottocome
()20.MrSmithaskedthemanthequeue.
A.notjumpB.didn’tjumpC.nottojumpD.tonotjump
()21.ismyfavouritesportinsummer.
A.SwimB.ToswimC.SwimingD.Swimming
()22.Ireallydidn’tknowwiththedifficultproblemthen.
A.whattodoB.howtodoC.towhatdoD.howdo
()23.Ienjoyverymuch,butIdidn’tlikeinthedirtylakeinthevillage.
A.swimming;swimmingB.toswim;toswim
C.toswim;swimmingD.swimming;toswim
()24.Whynotwithus?
Yousee,it’svery.
A.go;interestedB.go;interesting
C.togo;interestedD.going;interesting
()25.—Whatabouttothecinematonight?
—That’sagoodidea.I’dlikewithyou.
A.going;goingB.togo;togoC.going;togoD.go;going
()26.Everyonehereisbusyreadyforthecomingentrancetests.
A.getB.togetC.gettingD.gets
()27.Hejumpedintotheriverthelittlegirlinthedeepwater.
A.savingB.tosaveC.savedD.save
()28.We’veworkedfortwohours.Let’sarest.
A.stoptohaveB.stophaving
C.tostoptohaveD.stoppinghaving
()29.HefoundinterestingwithaforeignerinEnglish.
A.this;totalkB.it;totalkC.that;talkingD.it;talking
()30.Wouldyoumindmeafavour?
A.doB.todoC.doingD.did
【创新备考训练】
Ⅲ.根据汉语完成句子。
1.感谢你对我日语方面的帮助。
ThankyoumewithmyJapanese.(2001年北京市海淀区中考题)
2.Heheardthelittlegirl(唱歌)inthenextroom.
(2001年甘肃省中考题)
3.昨天杰克花十元钱买了那本书。
Jackthatbookyesterday.(2001年辽宁省中考题)
4.太迟了。
她不让孩子再看电视了。
Itwastoolate.ShethechildfromTV.(2001年福州市中考题)
5.活到老,学到老。
Wearenever.(2001年南京市中考题)
6.Keep(传)theballtoeachotherandyou’llbeOK.
(2001年青岛市中考题)
参考答案
【同步达纲练习】
Ⅰ.1.called2.have3.laugh4.totake5.stay6.notlook7.toplay8.calling9.leaving10.burning11.nottoplay12.go13.flying14.sing15.sitting16.play17.thinking18.boating19.todrink20.fighting21.eating22.towork23.doing24.going25.lying26.fishing,tofish27.lending28.living29.smoking30.tocome31.watching32.getting33.skating34.skating35.given36.saying37.Taking38.running39.todo40.tohelp41.togive,toreceive42.todo43.seeing44.developed,developing45.keeping46.telling47.turning48.dressed49.tolock50.tocatch
【综合能力训练】
Ⅱ.1—5DCACD6—10CADBA11—15CABAB16—20AABCC21—25DADBC26—30CBABA
【创新备考训练】
Ⅲ.1.forhelping2.singing3.spenttenyuan(in)buying4.stopped(kept),watching5.toooldtolearn6.passing
词的非谓语形式有三种:
不定式、动名词和分词.
(一)不定式
不定式由“ to十动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“ not to do”.不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化.不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语,但不能单独作谓语.不定式的逻辑主语有时用“ for十名词或代词宾格”构成.
1.不定式的用法:
l)作主语.不定式短语作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用 it作形式主语.例如:
To see is to believe.
It is right to give up smoking.
2)作宾语.不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语。
往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后,而用 it作形式宾语.例如:
He wanted to go.
I find it interesting to study work with him.
3)作宾语补足语.例如:
He asked me to do the work with him.
注意 :
在 feel,hear,listen to,look at,notice, observe,see,watch,have,let,make等词后的补足语中,不定式不带 to.但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时,就必须带 to.例如
I often hear him sing the song.
He is often heard to sing the song.
注意:
不定式动词在介词 but,except,besides后面时,如果这些介词之前有行为动词 do的各种形式,那么,这些介词后的不定式不带 to,否则要带 to.如:
She could do nothing but cry.
What do you like to do besides swim?
I have no choice but to go.
4)作定语.例如:
I have some books for you to read. 注①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词.例如:
He is looking for a room to live in.
There is nothing to worry about.
Please give me a knife to cut with.
但是,不定式所修饰的名词如果是 time,place或 way,不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去.例如:
He had no money and no place to live.
注②当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式既可以用主动语态,也可用被动语态,但其含义有所不同.试比较:
A) Have you anything to send?
你有什么东西要寄吗?
(不走式 to send的动作执行者是 you)
B) Have you anything to be sent?
你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?
(不定式 to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的 me或 someone else)
5)作状语,表示目的、原因、结果或条件.例如:
I came here to see yo