新世纪大学英语系列教材视听说教程6听力原文.docx

新世纪大学英语系列教材视听说教程6听力原文.docx

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新世纪大学英语系列教材视听说教程6听力原文

Unit1Unit2Unit3Unit4Unit5Unit6Unit7Unit8

Unit1:

PeterGraham:

lastclass,Iaskedyoutothinkabouthowyouwouldimprovetheoverallqualityofoureducation.I’veinvitedtwoforeignstudentstosharetheirviewswithustoday.Yoon-Hee,PakisfromSeoul,Korea,andGordonPickeringis,fromCanberre,Australia.They’lleachtalkabouthowtheythinkthequalityofeducationwheretheylivecouldbeimproved.Yoon-Hee,wouldyouliketostartfirst?

Yoon-Hee:

sure.Ithinkinsteadofbeinginstitutionsthatfostercriticalthinkingandaddressthereal-worldneedsofstudents,manyoftoday’sschoolsaremorelike“informationfactories”—placeswherewememorizeasmuchdataaswecan（mostofwhichwelaterforget）sothatwecan“passatest.”.inmycountry,forexample,one’sfuture—fromthemajoryouwillstudytothejobyouwilleventuallyget-oftendependsonwhetherornotyoupassthetesttogetintoagoodcollege.Familiesspendenormousamountsofmoneytosendtheirkidstocramschoolstohelpthemprepareforandpasstheuniversityentranceexam.Youreducationbecomesfocusedonthisonesinglegoal:

passingthetest.

Inmyopinion,ifwewanttotalkaboutimprovingthequalityofeducationforall,thefirstthingweshoulddoistoplacelessemphasisonrotememorizationandtest-takinginourschoolandmoreemphasisondevelopingcriticalthinkingandimportantlifeskills.Classesinallgradesshouldfeaturemorehands-on,practicallearning.Let’stakeoneexample.Wehaveallstudiedsciencefromabook.Butstudentscanalsolearnaboutitbygoingonfieldtripsandspendingtimeinnature,orvolunteeringatalocalwildlifepreserve.“learningbydoing”isagreatwaytodeveloppracticalskillsandtoapplywhatwe’velearnedinbooks.Manyhighschoolanduniversitygraduatesoftenwishthey’dhadachancetodomoreofthiskindoflearninginschool.IwishIhad!

Wealsoneedtounderstandthatbeingeducatedisaboutmorethanstudyingscience,math,andlanguages.ofcoursethesesubjectsareimportant.Butsoarepaintingandmusic.Andwhataboutlearninghowtocook,plantagarden,andmakeyourownclothes?

MahatmaGandhihimselfbelievedthatthesewerejustasimportantasscienceandmathandbelongedineveryschoolcurriculum.Icouldn’tagreemore.

PeterGraham:

thankyou,Yoon-Hee.Nowlet’slistentowhatGordonfromAustraliahastosay.

Gordon:

well,hereismyresponsetoYoon-Hee’scomments.Firstoff,IwouldsaythatIagreewithherthatschoolsshouldbeplacesthatcultivatecriticalthinkingandpreparestudentstomeetthechallengestheywillfaceintherealworld.

Onaphilosophicallevel,Ialsothinkthatitwouldbegreatifourclassroomsfeaturedmorehands-onlearning.Butwehavetoberealistic,too.ManyprivateandpublicschoolsinAustraliaandaroundtheworldhaveaminimumoffortystudentsinaclassroom.Yoon-Heetalksaboutspendingtimeinnatureratherthanlearningsciencefromabook.It’salovelyidea,andinaperfectworld,classroomratiowouldbetenstudentsforeveryoneteacher.Butwithfortyormorestudents,howcanateachermakesurethestudentsarelearning,notjustgoofingoffwhiletheyare“outinnature”orvolunteeringsomewhere?

Yoon-heealsomentionedthatschoolsshouldspendlesstimeondrillsandtests.Inmyopinion,studentsneedtospendmoretimeondrillingandmemorizingcertaininformation.Isaythisbecauseinarecentnationalgeographicstudy,onlyabout25%ofthe18-24-tear-oldsinterviewedfromaroundtheworldwereabletoidentifycountriessuchasIsraelandIrancorrectlyonamap!

Analarmingnumberofhighschoolgraduatestodaycannotdobasicmathorwriteacoherentessay.Howarepeoplelikethissupposedtocompeteinthejobmarket?

Iguessthequestionformeiswhydowegotoschool?

AndIthinkwedosotomasteracademicskillsincoreareassuchasreading,writing,mathematics,andscience.SchoolsinAustralianeedtobedoingmoretomakesurethatallstudentsaregraduatingwithasolidfoundationinthesesubjects.Ifitmeansmoredrillsandtests,wellthen,sobeit.

Unit2:

Dianaisorganizedandreliable.Sheturnsinherhomeworkontimeandsaysshe’sgoodaboutcheckinginwithherparentswhileshe’soutwithfriends.

“IkeepmygradesupandIamresponsiblefrogettingthingsdone,”saysDiana,15.

ItwouldcomeasnosurprisetomanyexpertsthatDianaistheoldestchildinherfamily.Somepsychologistsbelievethatyouplaceinthefamilycanshapeyourpersonality,influencingwhetheryouareresponsible,arisk-taker,orridiculouslyfunny.

“oldestchildrenareusuallyresponsible,”saysfrankj.Sulloway,researchscholarandauthorofborntorebel,abookonthesignificanceofbirthorder.

“firstbornsaremorelikelytoserveasparents,”Sullowaysays.“asaresult,firstbornstendtobemoreconscientious.”

Firstbornchildren,headds,arerulekeeperswhoalsoareambitiousandself-disciplined.

Diana,withtwoyoungersiblings,saystheresponsiblepartistrueandthatherparentstendtoaskherforhelpfirst.“myparentsusuallyaskmebeforetheyaskmybrotherorsisters,”shesays.“sometimesit’sapain.”

Shesayssomeoftheotherfirstborncharacteristics,likebeingorganized,alsoareagooddescriptionofher.Shealwayssetstheweekendplanswithfriends.“Iamalwaystheoneorganizingthings,”shesays.

Whileoldestchildrenareknownforbeingdependable,middlekidsusuallyarepeacekeeperswhoaresocialanddiplomatic,accordingtoSulloway.

Bridgetisamiddlekidinherfamily.She’sthefourthkidoutofninebutsaysshewouldn’tdescribeherselfasoutgoing.“IammorequitewhenIamnotathome,”saysBridget,11.

“Peacekeeper”isabetterfitforBridget,whosaysshebreaksupfightsbetweenhersibs.“ifsomeofmyyoungersiblingsarearguingboutatoy,Itrytoworkitout,”shesays.“Ifindsomethingelsethatsomeonecanplaywithandtellthemtostoparguingwitheachother.”

Thelittleonesmightargueoccasionally,butlast-bornchildrentendtobethemostagreeable,fun-lovingandamusing.Olderchildrenhavephysicalstrengthovertheyoungerkids,sohumorisonewaylast-bornchildrencangetwhattheywant.

Youngestchildrenarealsocreative,outgoingandopentonewexperiences,Sullowaysays.JustinJ.istheyoungestinhisfamilyandsaysthatisanaccuratedescriptionofhim.

“mymomhasalwayssaidIamcreative,”saysJustin,15.“ifmybrotherisnotaround,Iamalwayslookingforstufftodoaroundthehouseforfun.”

Butwhathappenedifyouareanonlychild?

Kidswithoutsiblingsoftenhavetraitssimilartofirstbornkids.Onlychildrenareusuallyambitiousandgoodatfollowingparents’rules,Sullowaysays.

Willieb.,11,agrees.Williesayshedoesn’ttalkbackandalwayswearshishelmetwheninlineskating.Healsocaresforhisfamily’sfourpets.

Butunlikekidswithsiblings,onlychildrenusuallyarequitecomfortablearoundadults,Sullowaysays.

“IhavebeenaroundadultssinceIwaslittle.Iamkindofmoreexperienced,”Williesays.

Andwhileonlychildrenaregoodaroundadults,youngestchildrenquestionauthorityandusuallyareleadersinsocialmovements,Sullowayadds.

Unit3:

Ifyouhavn’tbeenthevictimofbullying,youmayknowsomeonewhohas.Bullyingistheactofonepersonoragroupofpeoplerepeatedlypickingon（欺负）another.Abullycreatesanenvironmentoffearandintimidationinordertofeelpowerfulandincontrol.

Victimsofbullyingoftendealwithdifferenttypesofharassmentincludingconstantteasing,namecalling,orphysicalabuse.Othersarethesubjectofhurtfulandusallyuntruerumors.

Newkidontheblock

Mayumisato,11,recentlyreturnedtojapanwithherfamilyaftersixyearsingermany,whereherfatherwasworking.Nowattendingmiddleschoolintokyo,sheinitially（最初地）hadadifficulttimefittingin.“mostofthekidsinmayumi’sclasshadgonetothesameschoolsandgrownuptogether,soI’mnotsurprisedthattheysawmydaughterasdifferentatfirst,”saysMayumi’smother,Hiroko.“someofthekidswerejustmean.Theyteasedherinclassandpickedonherintheschoolyard.”Atfirst,Mayumitriedtoignoreit,butthenshefinallytoldhermotherwhatwasgoingon.“I’amgladshecametome,”Hirokosay.“youknow,alotofkidswouldbetooembarrassedtotalkaboutsomethinglikethis.Butifyouarebeingbullied,youdoneedtotalkaboutit—toaparent,afriend,orsomeoneyoutrust—sothatsomethingcanbedone.”Hiorkospoketooneofthegirl’steachers,whopromisedtokeepaneyeonMayumiandtrytoencouragethekidsintheclasstobemorewelcomingtowardsher.Thisapproachseemstobeworking.“Mayumi’sbeendoingbetterinschoolandismakingfriends,”saysHiroko.“she’sdefinitelyhappierthanshewasthosefirstfewweeks.”

Onthedefense

Afterbeingpickedonformonthsbyagroupofolderboysatthehighscholhegoesto,AdamWheeland,15,hadhadenough.“thesethreeguyswerealwayscallingmedorkinthehallwaysandthreateningtobeatmeup.OnedayIcametoschool,andtheyhadgluedmylockershut.Theywerestandingnearbylaughing,andIlostit.Igotintoafightwithoneofthem.”Wheelandandtheotherboyweresuspendedfromschoolfortwodaysforfighting.Whentheyreturned,thetroublecontinued.Wheelandrealizedheneededtoapproachthesituationdifferently.“thethingaboutbulliesisthattheyareoftenveryinsecurepeople.Theseguyswhohavebeenharassingmeonlydoitwhentheyaretogether.SoItrytostayinagroupwithmyfriendsnow.“wheeland,whoisastraight-Astudent,hasalsodecidedheneedstodothingsthatboosthisself-confidence.hehas