中考20专题阅读与表达带答案.docx
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中考20专题阅读与表达带答案
中考20专题—阅读与表达（带答案）
芝麻开门
知己知彼
考纲
近三年中考分布
2018年
2017年
2016年
阅读
与表达
★能获取文章的具体信息
阅读与表达
第64/65/66/67题
（8分）
阅读与表达
第64/65/66/67题
（8分）
阅读与表达
第65/66/67/68题
（8分）
★能理解归纳文章的主旨要义
阅读与表达
第68题
（2分）
阅读与表达
第68题
（2分）
阅读与表达
第69题
（2分）
揭秘：
阅读与表达是中考必考题型，共5小题，总计10分。
其中前4小题是容易题，文章中
有明确答案；最后第5题属于难题，通常需要在理解文章主要内容的基础上提取文章主旨
要义。
用兵如神
【典型例题】2018北京中考
Campinginyourbackyardisfulloffun,whateveryourage.It'sgreatforkeepingusrelaxed.Itofferschancestocheckthenightskyandtobenoisierthanusual.Itletsushavefriendsovertostaywhomightnotfitinsidethehouse!
Followtheseinstructionsandyou'llhaveanightyou’llneverforget!
Putupyourtent.
Dependingonthenumberoffamilymembersandguests,youmayneedmorethanonetent.Tellyourfriendstobringtheirtentsifneeded.FollowtheinstructionsorcheckoutthearticlesonhowtoputupatentontheInternet.
Prepareyourbedding.
You'llwantyourgueststobeabletorelaxincomfort.Putsomethingsofttolieonthefloor:
Ablow-upairmattressorthickcomfortersmayworkwell.Fillthetentwithsofttoysandblankets（毯子）.Havelightweightsleepingbagsorcottonblankets.Theyareespeciallyimportantifyoulivewherethenighttemperaturesdropgreatly.
Prepareaseatingarea.
Ifyouhaveapicnictable,thatwouldworkbest.Ifnot,setupafewchairsandasmalltabletosetoutdrinksandfood.Asimplechoiceistolayoutablanketinthesun,sothatyourfriendscaneatandtalk.Besurethegrassisn’twet!
Makememories.
Plansomeactivities.You'recampinginthebackyard,soit'stimetomakethemostofbeingoutdoors.
Haveacameranearbytotakesillyphotosofyou,yourfamilymembers,andyourfriends.Takeonelargegroupshotwitheveryonesmilingandlaughing.Besuretomakecopiesforeveryone!
64.Iscampinginthebackyardgreatfun?
65.Whatcanwedotohelprelaxourguests?
66.Whatisasimplechoicetoprepareaseatingarea?
67.Howdowemakememories?
68.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
考点一:
获取文章具体信息——一般疑问句
64.Iscampinginthebackyardgreatfun?
【考点精析】Yes.本题考查获取文章具体信息的能力。
通过查找关键词campinginthebackyard可知本题
对应的信息就位于文章的第1句话Campinginyourbackyardisfulloffun,whateveryourage.信息与问题
一致，故答案为Yes。
考点二:
获取文章具体信息——特殊疑问句
65.Whatcanwedotohelprelaxourguests?
【考点精析】Putsomethingsofttolieonthefloor.本题考查获取文章具体信息的能力。
问题是“为了帮助
客人放松，我们能做什么？
”通过查找关键词helprelaxourguests可知本题对应信息位于第3段开头部
分You'llwantyourgueststobeabletorelaxincomfort.Putsomethingsofttolieonthefloor（你想要你的客
人舒适地放松，那么在地板上放一些软绵绵的东西来躺着）。
故答案为Putsomethingsofttolieonthefloor.
66.Whatisasimplechoicetoprepareaseatingarea?
【考点精析】Asimplechoiceistolayoutablanketinthesun.本题考查获取文章具体信息的能力。
问题是
“准备一个就坐区域的简单选择是什么？
”通过查找关键词prepareaseatingarea可知答案位于第4段；
再根据关键词asimplechoice可知答案位于第3句话Asimplechoiceistolayoutablanketinthesun.
67.Howdowemakememories?
【考点精析】Bytakingphotosofus,ourfamilymembersandfriends.本题考查获取文章具体信息的能力。
问题是“我们如何制造回忆？
”通过查找关键词makememories可知答案位于最后一部分，即照片能给
人留下回忆Haveacameranearbytotakesillyphotosofyou,yourfamilymembers,andyourfriends。
回答时
需注意两点：
首先，要将第二人称转换为第一人称（与问题保持一致）；其次，通常How引导的特殊疑
问句要用by+doing引出答案，故答案为Bytakingphotosofus,ourfamilymembersandfriends.
考点三:
提取文章主旨要义——特殊疑问句
68.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
【考点精析】Whatfunofcampingisandhowwehaveagreatcamping.本题考查提取文章主旨要义的能力。
问题是“这篇文章主要关于什么？
”这类问题通常在原文中找不到明确的对应信息，需要在把握文意的
基础上，提炼并归纳出答案。
纵观本题原文，发现它可以分成两个部分（第1段是单独的一部分，其余带副标题的所有段落是另一部分），那么分别提炼两部分的内容要点并整合在一起就会得出本题答案。
第1部分红色划线语句（首段前4句话）以“总—分”式说明camping的乐趣；蓝色划线语句（首段最后一句话）承上启下，表明第2部分将分述如何才能拥有一个难以忘怀的camping。
最后分别what和how两个连接词将两部分段义引出，即Whatfunofcampingisandhowwehaveagreatcamping.
【举一反三】
阅读与表达
问题形式（一般）
回答方式（一般）
注意事项（一般）
具体信息
一般疑问句
Yes./No.
答案对应信息与题号顺序一致，自上而下
选择疑问句
例如：
Whichisbetter,AorB?
A./B.
特殊疑问句
in/at…+地点（where）
in/on/at…+时间（when）
By+doing（how）
Because…（why）
主旨要义
特殊疑问句
What…andhow…
When…andwhere…
Who…andwhy…
…
注意人称、时态要与问题一致
【即学即练】2017北京中考
Weneedtoberesponsibleforourenvironment.Beingafrugalconsumer（节俭的消费者）isonewaytohelp.But,whatexactlydoesthatmean?
UseItUp
Youcanusethingsupinsteadofwastingthem.Squeezethatlastbitoftoothpasteoutofthetube.Usethelastlittlepieceofsoap.Don’tthrowawayanybitsofthebiscuitatthebottomofthebox.
WearItOut
Youdonotalwaysneedtohavenewthings.Supposeyoursneakershavebrokenlaces,buttheystillfityou.Repairthemandwearthemlonger.Youdon’thavetohavethelatestiPhoneuntiltheoldonedoesn’tworkanymore.Thenyoucangetanewone.Thinktwicebeforereplacingsomethingthatstillwork.
MakeItDo
Whensomethingyouwantisnotonhand,lookforsomethingelsethatyoualreadyhavetotakeitsplace.Supposeyouarepackingyourlunchfortomorrowandwantabuttersandwich.Youareoutofbutter.Haveacheesesandwichinsteadsoyoucanuseallofthecheese.Learntofixbrokentoysinsteadofjustthrowingthemaway.Withalittlethought,youcanmakesomethingdo,insteadofbuyingsomethingnew.
DoWithout
Thinkaboutallthosethingsthatyouwouldliketohave.Doyoureallyneedthem?
HowlongwillyoureallyplaywiththatnewtoyyousawonTV?
Makingthethingsthatwewantusesupourworld’sresources（资源）.And,gettingridofthethingswedon’twantanymoretakesupevenmoreresourcesandspace.
65.Doweneedtoberesponsibleforourenvironment?
66.Howdowedealwiththelastlittlepieceofsoap?
67.WhendoweneedtogetanewiPhone?
68.Whatshouldwedowhensomethingwewantisnotonhand?
69.Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellus?
【答案】65.Yes.
66.Useitup.
67.Untiltheolddoen’tworkanymore.
68.Lookforsomethingelse.
69.Whyandhowtobearesponsibleconsumer.
过关斩将
【2018河北中考】
Everyyear,wildfires（野火）destroymuchforestland.Homesarebrokendown,andthousandsofpeopledie.smokejumpersarehelpingtostopthis.
Smokejumpersareaspecialkindoffirefighter.Theyjumpfromplacesintoareasthatdifficulttoreachbycaroronfoot.Theyracetoputoutfiresasfastastheycan.
Atafiresite,smokejumpersfirstexaminethelandanddecidehowtofightthefire.Theirmaingoalistostopfirefromspreading.Usingbasictoolssuchasshovelsandaxes,smokejumpersclearlandofburnablemateriallikeplantsandotherdrymaterial.Theycarrywaterwiththemtoo,butnotmuch.
Althoughmostsmokejumpersaremen,morewomenarejoining.Mostimportantareyourweightandheight.SmokejumpersintheU.S.forexample,mustbe54to91kilograms,sotheydon’tgethurtwhentheyland,orgetblownbystrongwinds.
Smokejumpersmustbeabletoliveinthewilderness.InRussia,manysmokejumpersknowhowtofindfoodintheforestandevenmakesimplefurniturefromtrees.
Theworkisdangerous,thehoursarelong.Butforthesefirefighters,smokejumpingisn’tjustajob.Theylovebeingabletojumpoutofplanes,fightfires,andliveintheforest.As28-year-oldRussiansmokejumpersAlexiTishinsays,“Thisisthebestjobforthestrongandbrave.”
64.WhatareSmokejumpers?
65.Wheredotheyjumpfrom?
66.What’stheirmaingoal?
67.Whyshouldtheyhaveproperweight?
68.What’sneededtobeasmokejumper?
【答案】64.Smokejumpersareaspecialkindoffirefighter.
65. They jump from planes.
66. Their main goal is to stop fire from spreading.
67. Because they won’t get hurt when they land,or get blown by strong winds.
68.Tobeasmokejumper,oneneedstohaveproperheightandweight,beabletoliveinthewilderness
andlovehis/herjob.
【2018海淀一模】
Beijingisacrowdedcityofhigh-risebuildingseverywhere.Whenthereisafire,itcanspreadeasilyandquickly.Everyyear,therearethousandsofpeoplelosingnotonlytheirproperty（财产）butalsotheirlovedonesinfires.Inmanycases,thesefireshappenedbecausepeoplewerecareless.Topreventfiresathome,itisimportanttomonitor（监督）somehouseholdactivities.
Useofelectricalappliances
Alwayspayattentiontotheelectricalwiringandelectricalappliances（电器）thatyouareusing.Chooseproperelectricalappliancesandusethemcorrectly.Forexample,allowenoughspacebehindyourTVsetstomakesurethatthereisroomfortheheattoescape.Donotputheatersnearnewspapersorothermaterialsthatcanburneasily.Whentheelectricalappliancesarenotinuse,disconnectthemfromtheelectricitysupply.Whenyounoticeproblemswithyourelectricalappliances,makesuretorepairorreplacethemquickly.Itisalsoimportanttoavoidconnectingtoomanyplugstothesamesocket（插座）asfiresmayresult.
Firerisksinthekitchen
Thekitchenisaplacewherewecanfindfuel（燃料）,cookingstovesandmanydifferentkindsofelectricalappliances.Becauseofthis,youhavetobemorecarefulwhenworkinginthekitchen.Beforecooking,openthewindowstoallowfreshairintothekitchen.Donotleavethekitchenwhenastoveisinuse.Keepfoodpackagesandwastepaperawayfromastoveaswell.Ifyousmellstronggasinthekitchen,disconnectthegassupplyandcontactyourgassupplycompanyimmediately.
Matchesandlighters
Putmatchesandlightersinsafeplaces.Donotletchildrenplaywiththem.
Emergencyexits
Donotblocktheemergencyexits（紧急出口）orlockthem.Whenthereisafire,theemergencyexitsareyourmainescapepaths.
64.Whydidfirehappeninmanycases?
65.Whereshouldn’tweputtheheater?
66.Isitimportanttoavoidconnectingtoomanyplugstothesamesocket?
67.Whatshouldwedobeforecooking?
68.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?
【答案】64.Becausepeoplewerecareless.
65.Weshouldn’tputheate
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