建筑史专用词汇中英对照.docx
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建筑史专用词汇中英对照
建筑史专用词汇中英对照
我们在阅读或翻译建筑史类资料时,经常会碰到许多词汇,不明白确切含义或不知道如何准确翻译。
专业性的字典或者是汉英、或者是英汉,没有汉英英汉统一在一起的字典,给阅读和翻译工作带来一定的不便。
现将部分常用的与建筑史相关的一些词汇汇集在一起,以便于大家使用。
1、城市史
城市史 history of cities 大学城 campus city
居民点 settlement 科学城 science city
市[场] market 风景旅游城市sceic-tourist city
城[墙] city wall 休养城市 resort city
都城 capital city 小城市 small city
宫城 imperial city 中等城市 medium-sized city
外城 outer city 大城市 large city
皇城 imperial palace 城市历史保护urban conservation
里 neighbourhood 历史建筑 historical building
街 street 历史地段 historical site
巷 lane 城市改建 urban redevelopment
胡同 hutong,alley 城市更新 urban renewal
关厢 outskirt 工业城市 industrial city
城濠 city moat,city trench 矿业城市 mining city
城堡 castle 港口城市 port city
城邦 polis 商业城市 commercial city
城市 city 市区 city proper
镇 township,town 郊区 suburb
2、园林史
中国古典园林 classical Chinese garden
中国传统园林 traditional Chinese garden
中国古代园林 ancient Chinese garden
中国山水园 Chinese mountain and water garden
帝王宫苑 imperial palace garden
皇家园林 royal garden
私家园林 private garden
江南园林 garden on the Yangtze Delta
西方古典园林 western classical garden
英国式园林 English style garden
中英混合式园林 Anglo-Chinese style garden
意大利式园林 Italian style garden
西班牙式园林 Spainish style garden
法兰西式园林 French style garden
勒诺特尔式园林 Le Notre's style garden
文艺复兴庄园 Renaissance style garden
洛可可式园林 Rococo style garden
巴洛克式园林 Baroque style garden
庄园 manor,villa garden
廊柱园 peristyle garden,patio
绿廊 xystus
迷阵 maze,labyrinth
灵囿 Ling You Hunting Garden 周代术语
灵沼 Ling Zhao Water Garden 周代术语
灵台 Ling Tai Platform Garden 周代术语
阿房宫 E-Pang Palace 秦代术语
上林苑 Shang-Lin Yuan 汉代术语
未央宫 Wei-Yang Palace 汉代术语
洛阳宫 Luoyang Palace 魏代术语
华清宫 Hua-Qing Palace 唐代术语
艮岳 Gen Yue Imperial Garden 宋代术语
圆明园 Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden
颐和园 Yi-HE Yuan Imperial Garden
承德避暑山庄 Chengde Imperial Summer Resort
苏州园林 Suzhou traditional garden
悬园 Hanging Garden 又称"悬空园","架高园"。
英国皇家植物园 Royal Botanical Garden, Kew garden又称"邱园"。
凡尔赛宫苑 Versailles Palace Park
枫丹白露宫园 Fontainebleau Palace Garden
景 view,scenery,feature
远景 distant view
近景 nearby view
障景 obstructive scenery, blocking view又称"抑景"。
借景 borrowed scenery,view borrowing
对景 oppositive scenery,view in opposite place
缩景 miniature scenery, abbreviated scenery
漏景 leaking through scenery
框景 enframed scenery
尾景 terminal feature
主景 main feature
副景 secondary feature
配景 objective view
夹景 vista line,vista 又称"风景线"
前景 front view
背景 background
景序 order of sceneries
景点 feature spot,view spot
园林空间 garden space
开敞空间 wide open space,wide space
封闭空间 encloseure space
意境 artistic conception,poetic imagery
苍古 antiquity
空灵 spaciousness,airiness
动观 in-motion viewing
静观 in-position viewing
轴线 axis,axial line
主轴 main axis
副轴 auxiliary axis
暗轴 hidden axis,invisible axis 又称"隐轴"
3、中国古代建筑及构造
宫 palace,temple 亭 pavilion
殿 hall 台 platform
厅 又称"堂" hall 坛 altar
室 room 楼 storied building
房 house 阁 pavilion
寨 stockaded village 廊 colonnade
舫 boat house 榭 pavilion on terrace
阙 que, watchtower 水榭 waterside pavilion
牌楼 pailou, decorated gateway 轩 windowed veranda
华表 huabiao, ornamental pillar 民居 folk house
塔 pagoda 四合院 courtyard house
硬山 flush gable roof 抬梁式构架 post and lintel construction
悬山 overhanging gable roof 穿斗式构架 column and tie construction
歇山 gable and hip roof 井干式构架 log cabin construction
庑殿 hip roof 檐柱 eave column
四阿 hip roof 金柱 hypostyle column
卷棚 round ridge roof 内槽柱 hypostyle column唐代术语
重檐 double eave roof 大式 wooden frame with dougong
攒尖 pyramidal roof 小式 wooden frame without dougong
园攒尖 round pavilion roof 大木作 carpentry work
大木 wooden structure 小木作 joinery work
内柱(宋) hypostyle column 梭柱(宋) shuttle-shaped column
山柱 center column 角背 bracket
角柱(唐、宋) corner column 由戗 inverted V-shaped brace
瓜柱 short column 叉手(宋) chashou, inverted V-shaped brace
脊瓜柱 king post 柁墩 wooden pier
蜀柱 宋代术语 king post 驼峰(宋) tuofeng, camel-hump shaped suport
雷公柱suspended column 卷杀 entasis
帐杆
宋代术语suspended column 梁 beam
侧脚(宋)cejiao 袱(宋) beam
月梁 crescent beam 单步梁 one-step cross beam
三架梁 3-purlin beam 双步梁 two-step cross beam
平梁(宋)3-purlin beam 挑尖梁 main aisle exposed tiebeam
四架梁 4-purlin beam 乳袱(宋) rufu, beam tie
五架梁 5-purlin beam 抱头梁 baotou beam
四椽袱(宋)5-purlin beam 穿插枋 penetrating tie
六架梁 6-purlin beam 角梁 hip rafer
七架梁 7-purlin beam (木行)大式 purlin (used with dougong)
六椽袱(宋)7-purlin beam 金(木行、大式) intermediate purlin
九架梁 9-purlin beam 金檩(小式)intermediate purlin
八椽袱(宋)9-purlin beam 上中平抟(宋)intermediate purlin
檩(小式)purlin (used without dougong) 老檐(木行)(大、小式,宋)
purlin on hypostyle
抟(宋)purlin 正心(木行、大式) eave purlin
脊(木行、大式)ridged purlin 檐檩(小式)eave purlin
脊檩(小式)ridged purlin 下平抟(宋)eave purlin
脊抟(宋)ridged purlin 额枋(大式)
architrave(used with dougong)
檐枋(小式)architrave(used with dougong)老檐枋(大式,指檐口构造)
eave tiebeam
阑额(宋)architrave 檐枋(小式,指檐口构造) eave tiebeam
由额垫板(大式)cushion board 顶椽 top rafter
檐垫板(小式)cushion board 脑椽 upper rafter
枋 tiebeam 花架椽 intermediate rafter
脊枋 ridge tiebeam 檐椽 eave rafter
上金枋 upper purlin tiebeam 飞檐椽 flying rafter
下金枋 lower purlin tiebeam 飞子(宋) flying rafter
瓦口 tile edging 连檐 eave edging
颔版(宋)tile edging 斗口 doukou,mortise of cap block
举架 raising the purlin 斗拱 dougong,bracket set
举析(宋)raising the purlin 斗 dou, bracket set
步架 horizontal spacing between purlins 升 block with cross mortise
材 cai 大斗 cap block
栔 qi 栌斗(宋) cap block
分 fen 拱 gong,bracketarm
翘 flower arm, petal 瓜拱 oval arm
华拱(宋)flower arm 瓜子拱(宋) oval arm
昂 ang,lever 万拱 long arm
槽升子 center block 慢拱(宋) long arm
齐心斗(宋)center block 厢拱 regular arm
三才升 small block 令拱(宋) regular arm
十八斗 connection block 单材拱 outer-side bracket arm
交互斗(宋)connection block 撑头 small tie-beam
正心拱 axial bracket arm 枋(宋) small tie-beam
泥道拱(宋)axial bracket arm 耍头 nose
攒 set of bracket 搏缝版(宋) gable eave board
柱头科 bracket set on columns 木装修 joiner's work
柱头铺作(宋)bracket set on columns 外檐装修 exterior finish work
平身科 bracket sets between columns内檐装修 interior finish work
补间铺作(宋)bracket sets between columns框槛 door frame
角科 bracket set on corner 槛 stud
转角铺作(宋)bracket set on corner 抱框 jamb on door or window
出 extension of bracket 格栅partition door
出跳(宋)extension of bracket 抹头window stool
跳(宋)tiao 棂子grill
雀替 sparrow brace 裙板panel
搏缝板 gable eave board 槛窗sill wall window
榻板 window sill 井口天花compartment ceiling
支摘窗 removable window 海墁天花flat ceiling
门枕 door bearing 藻井caisson ceiling
门簪 decorative cylinder 罩shelf
门跋 door knocker 龛niche
门钉 decorative nails on door leaf博古架antique shelf
门枕石 bearing stone 瓦石作masonry
抱鼓石 drum-shaped bearing stone檐墙eave wall
天花 ceiling 廊墙partition wall
帽儿梁 lattice framing 扇面墙horizontal partition wall
支条 lattice framing 隔断墙vertical partition wall
樨头 gable wall head 槛墙sill wall
挑檐石 cantilever stone on eave五花山墙stepped gable wall
拔磉 corbel, hanging over 须弥座xumizuo
叠涩(宋)corbel, hanging over 圭角guijiao
角柱石 corner pier 上枋upper fillet and fascia
阶条石 rectangular stone slab 下枋lower fillet and fascia
压阑石(宋)rectangular stone slab 上袅upper cyma, recta
台阶 steps 下袅lower cyma, reversa
踏道(宋)steps 束腰suyao
踏垛 step 钩栏(宋)balustrade
踏(宋)step 单钩栏(宋)single frieze balustrade
斗板石 intermediate pier 垂台钩栏double frieze balustrade
垂带 drooping belt stone 望柱baluster
副子(宋)drooping belt stone 望柱头baluster capital
象眼 triangular space 栏版frieze panel
御路 yulu, imperial path 华版frieze panel
羌差 ramp 地伏plinth stone
柱顶石 capital stone 寻杖(宋)handrail
柱础 column base 正吻zhengwen
踬 zhi 鸱尾(宋及宋前)chiwei
碑碣 stone tablet 正脊main ridge
赑屃
(宋及宋前)bix