高考英语语法专题名词精选.docx
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高考英语语法专题名词精选
高考英语语法专题名词
答案:
introduction 由空格前的定冠词the可知其后应接名词作介词with的宾语.
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ,66)Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher________(educate).
答案:
education 形容词性物主代词通常在名词前作定语.由此可知her后面的空格处应为名词education.
3.(2017·浙江高考,56)LenaPahlssonpulledoutahandfulofsmall________(carrot)andwasabouttothrowthemaway.
答案:
carrots 由空格前面的修饰语ahandfulof“一把……;少量的”可知后面的名词carrot应用复数形式carrots.
4.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ,46)Recent________(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly.
答案:
studies 根据句子谓语动词show可知,主语应该是名词的复数形式.
5.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ,61)Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia'sbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop________(attract).
答案:
attraction 根据空格前的形容词top可知应用名词,形容词常用作定语来修饰名词.
6.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ,42)Handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou'llfeelarealsenseof________(achieve).
答案:
achievement 介词of后要用名词作宾语.asenseof
achievement“成就感”.
7.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ,69)Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew________(day)withhissister.
答案:
days few修饰可数名词复数,故答案为days.everyfewdays“每隔几天”.
8.(2016·江苏高考,阅读C)Theweather________(effect),bothgoodandbad,arefeltinmanyplaces.
答案:
effects 句子的谓语为arefelt,由此可知句子的主语也应该是复数形式effects.
9.(2016·北京高考,阅读D)Thecollegeyearsaresupposedtobeatimeforimportant________(grow)inautonomy(自主性)andthedevelopmentofadultidentity.
答案:
growth 形容词important用来修饰名词;根据句子结构...andthedevelopment...可知此处应填名词growth和后面的development构成并列.
10.(2015·浙江高考,15)Oneofthemosteffectivewaystoreduce________(stressful)istotalkaboutfeelingswithsomeoneyoutrust.
答案:
stress 动词reduce后需用名词作宾语,stress“压力,紧张”,是不可数名词.句意:
减压的最有效方法之一是和你信任的人谈论感受.
一、可数名词的数
可数名词都有单数和复数之分.
(一)名词复数的规则变化
(二)名词复数的不规则变化
二、不可数名词
不可数名词包括专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词,一般没有单复数之分.
1.常考的不可数名词
2.抽象名词具体化
抽象名词在表示具体的概念时,可以与不定冠词连用,常见的和常考的有:
3.物质名词的复数现象
(1)有些物质名词用复数形式表示与原来不同的事物.
paper(纸)—papers(证件,论文)
custom(风俗习惯)—customs(海关)
arm(胳膊)—arms(武器,装备)
air(空气)—airs(摆架子,装腔作势)
(2)有一些物质名词用复数形式,表示由大量该物质组成的事物.
sand(沙子)—sands(沙滩,沙漠)
water(水)—waters(水域,水体)
time(时间)—times(时代)
wood(木头,木材)—woods(树林)
(3)有些物质名词用复数形式表示不同的种类,如food,wine,
metal,fish,vegetable等.
ThewinesofFranceareamongthebestintheworld.
三、名词的所有格
1.有生命的名词,其所有格一般在名词后加's.
hisfather'sboss他爸爸的老板
2.表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等非生命的事物后也可加's表示其所有格.
today'spaper今天的报纸
England'sshore英国的海岸
thecar'sdesign这辆车的设计
Weacceptedtheinvitationwithoutamoment'shesitation.
3.在某些习惯用语中,也需要加's所有格.
forfriendship'ssake为了友情
atastone'sthrow一箭之远
atone'sfinger'stip手头上有
atarm'slength保持距离;在伸手可及处
atone'swits'end黔驴技穷
4.无生命的名词,借用of表示所属关系.
thewindowoftheroom这个房间的窗户
5.如果一样东西为两个人共有,则只在后一个名词后加's,如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加's.
JaneandMary'smother简和玛丽的妈妈(共有,暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系)
Jane'sandMary'smothers简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有,分别指两位妈妈)
6.双重所有格:
“a/two/some...+名词+of+名词's/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格,“of+名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人,不能表示事物.
afriendofhermother's她妈妈的一个朋友
twophotosofhers她的两张照片
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Althoughthese_______(measure)arenoteffectiveforever,theyarevitalfornow.
答案:
measures 根据前面的指示代词these和谓语动词are可以判断,主语应用复数形式measures.
2.Visitinganappleeventisagoodchancetosee,andoftentasteawidevarietyof________(apple).
答案:
apples a(wide)varietyof“各种各样的”,修饰复数名词.句意:
在苹果节人们可以看到,并常常能尝到各种各样的苹果.
3.The__________(life)ofthesepeoplehavefinallybeenrecordedthankstotheeffectsofaFrenchmanfromPariscalledGin.
答案:
lives 句子的谓语动词havefinallybeenrecorded是复数形式,由此可以判断出此处需要用名词复数形式作句子的主语.
4.It'sstillausefulandpleasantformof________
答案:
介词of之后要用名词,aformof
“一种沟通方式”.
5.Ihadno________(choose)buttoprepareforit,though.
答案:
choice 形容词no后面应跟名词.havenochoicebuttodosth.“除了……别无选择”,固定搭配.
6.Someschoolswillhavetomake________(adjust)inagreementwiththenationalsoccerreform.
答案:
adjustments 句意:
为了与国家的足球改革相适应,一些学校将做出调整.makeadjustments是固定表达,意为“做出调
整”.
7.Thereisnoneedtotellmeyouranswernow.Giveitsome________(think)andthenletmeknow.
答案:
thought 句意:
现在没必要告诉我你的答案.认真考虑,然后告诉我.some后应跟名词,thought“思索,考虑”.
8.Onlyafewdollarscanhelptofilla________(child)hungry
stomach.
答案:
child's 此处表示“仅仅几美元就能帮助一个孩子不挨饿”,空后是名词stomach,提示词是child,空前是不定冠词a,故用child的所有格形式.
9.Whenhewasrunningafterhisbrother,theboylosthis
________(balanced)andhadabadfall.
答案:
balance 句意:
小男孩在追赶哥哥时失去了平衡,重重地摔了一跤.根据空格前的动词lost和物主代词his可知需用名词作宾语.loseone'sbalance“失去平衡”.
10.—Whynotbuyasecondhandcarfirstifyoudon'thaveenoughmoneyforanewone?
—That'sagood________(suggest).
答案:
suggestion 句意:
——如果你的钱不够买一辆新车,为什么不先买一辆二手车呢?
——这是个好建议.由常识可知形容词修饰名词,故good后应用suggest的名词形式suggestion.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.“Readingforpleasure”playsamoreimportantroleinone'sgrowthanone'sfamilybackground.
_____________________________________________________
答案:
grow→growth 考查词性转换.由后文的one'sfamilybackground可知前面的one's后应是名词growth.
2.Asawitness,hegavethepoliceavividdescriptionsoftheaccident.
_____________________________________________________
答案:
descriptions→description 考查名词.description“描述,描写”,givesb.adescription为固定短语,意为“向某人作描述”.
3.Youcan'tlegallytakepossessionsofthepropertyuntilthreeweeksafterthecontractissigned.
_____________________________________________________
答案:
possessions→possession 考查固定短语.takepossessionof“拥有,占有”,固定搭配.
4.Thestudentswithhobbiesleftschoolwithmanyextraskill.
____________________________________________________
答案:
skill→skills 考查名词的数.由many修饰可数名词复数可知应用skills.
5.Severalfriendsofmetogetherwithmewillvisitourheadmaster.
____________________________________________________
答案:
第一个me→mine 考查双重所有格.此处表示“我的几个朋友”,应用“n.+of+名词性物主代词”结构.
Ⅲ.语法填空
1__(I)published.AlthoughI'vetriedhard,noneofmy__2__(book)havebeenpublished.Thisisreally__3__(upset).
Thismorning,Ireceivedacallfromapublisherand__4__(tell)onceagainthattherewasnowaymybookwouldbepublished.__5__(feel)sad,Ilefthomeandwenttotheparknearmyapartment.Atthepark,Isatdownonthebenchnearthegrass.
WhileIwassittingthere,Isawalittleboyaboutoneandahalfyearsold.Hewasrunningonthegrass,__6__hismothernotfarbehindhim.Helookedsohappywhenheenjoyedthe__7__(free)ofrunningonthegrass.Hethenfellonthegrass,buthequicklygotupandcontinuedtorunasfast__8__hecouldagainevenwithoutlookingbackathismother.Hewasstillrunningwithasmileonhisface,asifnothing__9__(happen).
Seeingthat,Iwas__10__(true)inspired.IsuddenlyrealizedthatI
shouldn'tgetdiscouragedafterexperiencingfailure.Instead,Ishouldcheerupandkeepontrying.
1.________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5.________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9.________ 10.________
篇章导读:
本文是一篇记叙文.文章主要讲述了作者在公园里看到一个一岁半左右的男孩在草地上摔倒后并没有向妈妈求助而是自己迅速爬起来继续奔跑这一情景,从而受到启发:
人生遇到挫折不能气馁,而是要振作起来,继续努力奋斗.
1.mine 考查双重所有格.由设空前的“abookof”可知,应填名词性物主代词,且此处表示“我的一本书”,故填mine.
2.books 考查名词的数.根据主谓一致原则,noneof后可接不可数名词,也可接可数名词复数形式,book为可数名词,故应填books.
3.upsetting 考查词性转换.副词really修饰形容词,this指的是上句中所述没有一本书被发表这件事,由此可知此处应用形容词upsetting作表语.
4.wastold 考查动词的语态和时态.句意:
我被再一次告知我的书不可能出版.句子的主语I与谓语是被动关系,因此需用被动语态,且由“thismorning”可知,应用一般过去时的被动语态.
5.Feeling 考查非谓语动词.feelsad的逻辑主语是句子的主语I,是主动关系,因此需用现在分词的一般式作状语,表示原因.Feelingsad相当于AsIfeltsad.
6.with 考查介词.with的复合结构作伴随状语.
7.freedom 考查词性转换.根据空格前的定冠词the以及空格后的介词短语ofrunningonthegrass可知应用名词,即在草地上奔跑的自由.
8.as 考查连词.asfastashecould“尽可能快地”,as...as为固定结构.
9.hadhappened 考查动词的时态.句意:
摔倒之后他飞快地爬起来,依然面带笑容地奔跑着,好像什么事也没有发生似的.根据语境可知,asif引导的方式状语从句所表示的内容是对过去的情况的假设,因此需用虚拟语气.
10.truly 考查词性转换.句意:
看到此情此景,我真的受到启发.副词作状语修饰谓语动词wasinspired.
Ⅳ.短文改错
DearPeter,
I'mgladtogiveyousomeadvicesonhowtolearnChinesewell.Hereisafewsuggestions.
First,itisimportanttotakeaChinesecourse,sointhiswayyoucanlearnfromteachersandpracticewithyourfellowstudents.Then,italsohelpedtowatchTVandreadbooks,newspapersandmagazinesinChinesewheneveritpossible.Besides,itisgoodideatolearnandsingChinesesongs,becausebydoingsoyou'lllearnandremember
Chinesewordsmoreeasier.YoucanalsomakemoreChinesefriends,fromwhichyouwilllearnalotaboutChina.TheycanhelpyoulearningChinese,too.Wehopethatmysuggestionswillbeofhelptoyou.
Bestwishes.
Yours,
LiHua
答案:
DearPeter,
I'mgladtogiveyousome
onhowtolearnChinesewell.Here
afewsuggestions.
First,itisimportanttotakeaChinesecourse,
inthiswayyoucanlearnfromteachersandpracticewithyourfellowstudents.Then,italso
towatchTVandreadbooks,newspapersandmagazinesinChinesewhenever
it
possible.Besides,itis
goodideatolearnandsingChinesesongs,becausebydoingsoyou'lllearnandrememberChinesewordsmore
.YoucanalsomakemoreChinesefriends,from
youwilllearnalotaboutChina.Theycanhelpyou
Chinese,too.
hopethatmysuggestionswillbeofhelptoyou.
Bestwishes.
Yours,
LiHua
1.advices→advice 考查不可数名词.advice是不可数名词,没有复数形式.
2.is→are 考查主谓一致.主语suggestions是复数形式,谓语动词也应该用复数.
3.so→because 考查连词.后一分句表示的“能够向老师学习和同学之间练习汉语”是原因,而非结果.
4.helped→helps 考查动词的时态.本句进一步描述报读一门汉语课程的好处,应用一般现在时.
5.去掉whenever后的it或在it后加is 考查省略.wheneveritispossible的省略形式为wheneverpossible.
6.goodidea前加a 考查名词的数.idea是可数名词.
7.easier→easily 考查副词.修饰谓语动词learnandremember应用副词.
8.which→whom 考查关系代词.定语从句的先行词Chinesefriends是指人的名词短语,且关系词在从句中作宾语,故关系代词应用whom.
9.learning→learn 考查非谓语动词.helpsb.dosth.“帮助某人做某事”.
10.We→I 考查人称代词.根据短文开头I'mgladtogiveyousome...可知,应将We改为I.